2014 IEEE 8th Proceedings International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)

Transient Stability Analysis

of TNGT Power System
Monica A,
M.E. Scholar- Power Systems Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics,
Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, TN, India.
Email: monicajasmine28@gmail.com

Dr. Narayanappa, M.E., Ph.D.

Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics,
Adhiyamaan College of Engineering, Hosur, TN, India.
Email: narayanbsn@yahoo.co.in

Abstract-The increase in size and complexity of power
system networks with a large number of interconnections
has exposed the system to various contingencies, which
lead to system instability. Therefore, it is necessary for a
power system to remain in a state of operating
equilibrium under normal operating conditions and to
regain an acceptable state of equilibrium after being
subjected to a disturbance such as sudden load changes
and transmission system faults. The degree of the system
stability is an important factor in the planning of new
facilities and their interconnection. The proposed method
presents the transient stability analysis of a power system
using ETAP software. A three phase fault is located at a
specified bus and as a result of this the critical clearing
time on the system stability is studied.
ensure that a system can withstand the transient condition
following a disturbance, transient stability analysis [3]
should be performed. The vital aim of transient stability is to
determine whether the system returns to a steady state value
after the clearance of disturbance. The recovery of a power
system subjected to a severe large disturbance is of interest
to system planners and operators. The system should be
designed properly of good quality to supply continuous
power to loads and operated such that specified number of
credible contingencies does not lead to failure of the system.
The transient stability analysis has recently become a major
issue in the operation of power systems, due to the increasing
stress on power system networks. This problem thus requires
the ability of a power system to withstand disturbances while
maintaining the quality of customer and utility suppliers.

Keywords-Disturbances, Equilibrium State, System Power system studies principally incorporate the
Faults, System Stability, Transient Stability Analysis. techniques that are used to predict or improve the
performance of the power system under specified conditions.
I. INTRODUCTION The studies include load flow [5], short circuit, transient
stability, grounding, transient overvoltage and power factor
The ability of the engineer in providing reliable and
improvement. Authors in [3] have performed the transient
uninterrupted supply to loads results in the successful
stability analysis of a 9 bus power system. Various
operation of a power system. The two requirements of
techniques have been employed for transient stability
reliable service are to keep the synchronous generators
analysis in power system. These methods include the time
running in parallel, with adequate capacity to meet the load
domain solutions and the direct stability methods such as the
demand and to maintain the integrity of the power network.
transient energy function. This paper presents the transient
Even a well designed and normally operated system may
stability analysis of a 14 bus system of Tamilnadu
face the threat of transient instability [8]. Power-system
Generation and Transmission (TNGT) power system. The
stability is a condition where the synchronous machines of
results presented in this study are based on a real system.
the system remain in synchronism. Generally, stability
problems are divided into two major categories [1] as
This paper is organized as follows. A brief description of
Steady-state stability and Transient stability.
the proposed system is given in Section II. Section III
presents the modeling aspects of the system. Section IV
Steady-state stability refers to the ability of the power
discusses the short circuit analysis. The analysis of transient
system to regain synchronism after small and slow
stability is presented in Section V. Section VI Concludes the
disturbances whereas, Transient stability is the ability of
paper.
power system to survive the transition following a large
disturbance and reach an acceptable operating condition. To

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2014 IEEE 8th Proceedings International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)

II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system model consists of three thermal
power generating stations in Tamilnadu state, India. The
system is modeled and analyzed using ETAP software. The
analysis of the 14 bus transmission system is focused on the
recovery of the power system from the disturbance based on
electromechanical time scale. The electromechanical
dynamic behavior of the system is an important factor in the
analysis of the power system. This transient stability
analysis is performed by testing the performance of the
generating systems whether they come back to the normal
position after this disturbance or not.
Each generator operates at the same synchronous speed
and frequency. Whenever generation is less than the actual
consumer load, the system frequency tends to fall. On the
other hand, whenever the generation is more than the actual
load, the system frequency rises. The generators are
interconnected with each other and with the loads. The
supply power is transmitted through the transmission line.
The fault in the system causes the effect in the
imbalance between the mechanical power input to the
generator and electrical power output of the generator. As a
result, some of the generators tend to speed up and some
tend to slow down. If the tendency is too great for a
particular generator, it will no longer remain in synchronism
with the rest of the system and will be automatically
disconnected from the system. This phenomenon is referred
as generator exceeding steady state stability limit.
III. MODELING OF THE POWER SYSTEM
A. Transient Stability Model
The transient stability model of a power system uses the
classical model of synchronous machine which consists of
only differential equations. During the stability study, some
assumptions [9] are made. The proposed model consists of
‘m’ generators and ‘n’ buses. The system can be reduced to
m internal nodes. All other nodes are eliminated as the result
of the Kron reduction, and the reduced system can be
represented as follows:
as single step method and multi step method. The most
effective method, in terms of speed and accuracy, and the
appropriate step size are chosen in order to obtain accurate
results. The proposed system is designed and thus the 3-
machine, 14-bus system is chosen for the analysis of
transient stability.
The dynamic performance of the system with respect to
change in total generation and load is represented by swing
equation. The relationship that defines the variation of
frequency with total generation and load mismatch is given
by,
where,
G: Nominal MVA of generator
H: Inertia constant
: Generator rotor angle
f0: Nominal frequency
: Net accelerated or decelerated power
The power system model is based on the synchronous
generator with IEEE type of exciter and constant power
loads. Since the transient stability studies deal with a time
frame of a few seconds, turbine and governor dynamics are
neglected because of the long time constants.
However, the exciter dynamics is included into the model
because of being in the time scale of interest. Assuming m
machines and n buses in a system, the necessary equations
for detailed model transient stability analysis are:
for generator buses,

i = 1,….., m

The
equation for load buses,
(1) is known as the swing equation and it is a second order
differential equation that can be written as two differential
first order equations (3) and (4) as follows: (4)
After all the needed values are obtained, these two first order
non-linear differential equations are solved by a numerical
integration method, which can be classified into two groups

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2014 IEEE 8th Proceedings International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)

shore of Bay of Bengal, with generating capacity of 1050

MW comprising 5 units, each of 210 MW. The third power

The equation (6) represents the mechanical dynamics of

the rotor. Since the stator and the network transients are too
fast to be included in the transient stability simulation,
integral manifold techniques are used in to eliminate the
transients. Thus the algebraic equations in (8) and (9) are
obtained from the reduction of the dynamic equations which
represent the stator and network fast transients.

B. Transmission Line Model

The transmission line is divided into sections so that the
exact effect of the distributed parameters per unit length/km
of resistance(R), inductance(L) and capacitance (C) is
station is the Mettur Power Station, comprising 4 units of
considered. The total transmission line distance between the
210 MW each, with a total installed capacity of 840 MW.
three thermal power stations is around 1385 km. The
The fault is created on the 10th bus and then the analysis is
transmission line resistance, inductance and capacitance are
carried out to examine the condition of the generators before
calculated using the following equations:
and after the fault.

Fig.1 System Model in ETAP

.IV. SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

The system becomes unbalanced due to the fault, and the
power system operates under abnormal condition. A three
phase fault is created on the bus 10. The short circuit
analysis of the system is shown in Fig. 2. A report is
generated for LG, LLG and LLLG both symmetrical and
asymmetrical faults.
Thus the fault current is determined through this analysis
where a and b denote the inner and outer diameters of the
and table I gives the details about the momentary duty of the
transmission line. The unit is chosen to be ohms per km.
short circuit report and table II shows the study case of the
3. System Model analysis.
TABLE I
SHORT CIRCUIT REPORT-MOMENTARY DUTY
The system is modeled in ETAP and is shown in Fig.1.
ETAP is chosen as the simulation tool, which is a
Bus KV Symm. X/R Momentary Asymm.
comprehensive analysis platform for the design, simulation,
No KA Ratio Factor KA rms
and operation of generation, transmission, distribution, and
rms
industrial power systems. It supplies a calculation for short
circuit and transient stability and is beneficial to explore the 10 230 6.684 35.2 1.63 10.927
characteristics of simulated systems.
The three generating power stations of Tamilnadu that are
included in the system model are as follows: The North
Chennai power station which is situated about 25 km from
Chennai on Northern side and has a total installed
capacity of 630 MW comprising 3 units of 210 MW each.
The second power station is the Tuticorin Power Station,
which is situated near the new port of Tuticorin on the sea

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2014 IEEE 8th Proceedings International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)

Fig.5. Generator Frequency

Fig.2 Short Circuit Analysis

V.TRANSIENT STABILITY ANALYSIS

The intention of the transient stability analysis is to

examine the system, whether the defined disturbance, i.e.,
the fault affects the system or not. The system with dynamic
responses and stability restrictions, during transient and short
circuit, are simulated to study the performance stability of
the system disturbances. The program thus models the Fig.6. Generator Exciter Voltage
dynamic characteristics of a power system, implements the
user-defined events and actions to find out system responses
in time domain.
The different plots of the three generating stations are
shown below. At time before t=0.25 sec, bus 10 is assumed
to be in the normal condition and at time t=0.25 sec, the bus
is assumed to be in faulted condition. At time t=0.3sec, the
fault is cleared and thus the bus 10 comes back to its normal
condition. The Fig. 3 shows the waveform of generator
exciter current, in which the system regains its synchronism
at the time t=1.5 sec. The Fig. 4 shows the generator
electrical power.

Fig.7. Generator Rotor angle

Fig. 4 Generator Electrical Power

Fig. 8 Generator Terminal Current

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2014 IEEE 8th Proceedings International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)
Fig.9. Bus Voltage
The plots of generator frequency and generator
exciter voltage are shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6
respectively. The generator rotor angle is shown in fig.
7, where the rotor angle of generator 3 is zero because
of its location near the fault bus. Fig. 8 and Fig. 9
represent the generator rated current and bus voltage,
which indicates that the fault bus voltage decreases
during the transient period and recovers once when
fault is cleared.
VI CONCLUSION
In this paper, the analysis of the 14-bus system of
Tamilnadu Generation and Transmission system has
been studied. Short circuit and transient stability
analysis have been simulated on the test system. The
rate of change of system frequency, power angle and
the voltage levels of the buses are considered for
analysis. The system stability is assessed with these
system conditions. The dynamic performance of the
proposed system was analyzed using ETAP software.
The critical clearing time is studied from this analysis.
The recovery time of the system in the proposed
analysis is very less compared to normal mode
operation of the power system.
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2014 IEEE 8th Proceedings International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)

APPENDIX
TS ACTION SUMMARY STUDY CASE: TS

Device Action Time

Bus 10 Faulted 0.250
Bus 10 Normal 0.300

LINE/CABLE DATA
Line R X Y
ID
Line 1 0.00066 0.00778 0.1323296
Line 3 0.00066 0.00778 0.1323296
Line 5 0.00244 0.05488 3.0487804
Line 9 0.00008 0.00017 0.0000379
Line 0.12195 0.15244 1.5243902
11
Line 0.24390 0.54878 0.3048781
13
Line 0.00004 0.00005 0.0000739
14
Line 0.00045 0.00030 0.0007576
16
Line 0.00007 0.00005 0.0001212
18
Line 0.00003 0.00006 0.0000659
20
Line 0.00002 0.00001 0.0000391
21

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