Module 1 : Operation of Lift

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Training objective

At the end of this training module the participant will have a fair
knowledge of

The general elevator system composition &

Primary functions of the elevator constituents.

Note : The training material use is subject to Disclaimer given in last slide

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An elevator System – General arrangement

It is broadly divided into 3 sections

namely;
Machine Room

Hoist-way

Pit

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Section I- Machine Room

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Machine room

Primary function of machine room

It provides safe & clean environment for the elevator equipments
Access to machine room & hoistway is for authorized persons only.

Various locations of machine room

Above the hoistway - on terrace
Inside the hoistway – on top ( Machine room less)
Inside the hoistway – in pit ( Machine room less)
Away from the hoistway ( Hydraulic )

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Machine room - on terrace
This type of Machine room
houses the following items per
lift ;

Hoist machine
Elevator controller
Over-speed governor
ARD controller( Optional)
Intercom-master ( optional)
Main power or electric supply
switches

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Machine room less elevator – GeN2
Generation 2 Equipments inside hoistway
Hoist machine
Over-speed governor
Elevator controller 1 of 2- wall
mounted
ARD controller( Optional)-wall
mounted

Equipments on top landing

Elevator controller 2 of 2 which
is also called ‘Emergency &
Inspection’ controller
Intercom ( optional)
Main power or electric supply
switches

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Machine room less elevator – Otis Integra
Integra
Equipments inside the hoistway
Hoist machine
Over-speed governor
Drive- Wall mounted
ARD controller( Optional)-wall
mounted

Equipments on the top landing

Elevator controller (except the
VF drive)
Intercom ( optional)
Main power or electric supply
switches

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Primary functions of Hoist machine
The hoist machine may be
geared or gearless
The motor provides necessary
torque to move the car .
The fail-safe brake holds the
car in its position when it is
stationary.
The machine can be wound
electrically & or manually.

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Car and Counterweight arrangement – A Sample
The car & counterweights are
connected to each other either by
steel wire ropes or Coated steel
belts.
Counterweight is heavier than
empty car

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Primary functions of Elevator Controller

Each elevator has one

controller
It receives & processes the
inputs based on functional
logic and provides outputs.
It permits, monitors & ensures
safe movement of car
It also controls door operation
& group function
It provides suitable
signalization for the
passengers.
Diagnostic status indicators
help in troubleshooting

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Optional controller : ARD / Automatic Rescue Device

It is a device which sends an

elevator stalled between floors
to the nearest landing in the
event of power -failure during
normal operation of the
elevator.

Located in the machine room

or wall-mounted in the
hoistway

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Over-Speed Governor
Over-Speed governor arrangement
The speed of the governor =
Speed of the car
In case, the car speed
exceeds the rated speed by a
prescribed percentage ; the
car shall stop, first electrically
and then mechanically.
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Main power supply switches in Machine Room
General arrangement
A. 3-phase main switch for
controller
clearly identified
Each lift has one- independent
Switches On/Off the 400V,50 Hz
3 phase, supply going to the
elevator controller
B. 1-phase main switch for
Hoistway lighting
Clearly identified
Each lift has one- independent
Switches On/Off the 230V, 1-
phase, supply going to the
elevator hoistway
C. 1-phase main switch for Car
lighting & Fan
Clearly identified
Each lift has one- independent
Switches On/Off the 230V, 1-
phase, supply going to the
elevator car
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Main Switches in Machine room less elevators :
GeN2 Integra

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Customer provided Main power supply switches in Meter Room
General arrangement
The Meter Room
Meter room is located near
the bottom landing
It may house other switches
( not related to elevators)
also
The lift-related switches are
clearly identified.
These switches are
exclusively for the elevator
A. 3-phase main switch
 Clearly identified
 Each lift has one
 It switches On/Off the 400V, 3
phase, supply going to the
elevator machine room
B. 1-phase main switch
 Clearly identified
 Each lift has one
 It switches On/Off the 230V,
1- phase, supply going to the
elevator hoistway and car
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Intercoms: for communication with passengers inside the car from the
machine room and Lobby. They are Optional. Photo- A sample

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Section 2 : Hoistway

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Hoistway

Generally , the Hoistway houses,

Car with door operator, door detector

Counterweight
Car & Counterweight guide rails
Position reference system
Limit switches
Landing doors
Various safeties
Passenger interface in car & at landing : Call inputs & signalization

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Car top accessories & Car door operator

Car frame assembly

Car panels
Car operating panel ( inside
car)
Emergency Light- (Inside car-
optional)
Door detector ( in Auto doors)
Car door operator Manual or
power operated
Car top Inspection control
Fan

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Car operating panel
Controls available for passengers
inside car
Car call buttons
Door close button
Door open button
Alarm button
Intercom button
Speaker
Microphone
Car position indicator
Direction of travel indicator
Fan
Light

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Car operating panel…contd
Auto/Attendant :key switch
Normal/Independent :key switch
On/Off switch for fan
Emergency STOP switch
AU & AD ( Attendant UP & DN
buttons)
ISU & ISD ( Independent service
UP & DN buttons)
NS or Non-stop button

Service cabinet :
Sometimes, the controls meant
for the usage of attendant are
kept inside a lockable service
cabinet which is integrated into
COP
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 Landing doors with electrical & mechanical lock–
samples
Power operated doors

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Section 3 : Pit

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Pit equipments- a Sample
Pit is below the bottom floor

It houses,

Car buffer
Counterweight buffer
Pit Emergency Stop switches
Pit light switch
Governor tension sheave
Compensating rope sheave
(for very high rise elevators only)

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Position Reference System

Informs the present position of

car to the controller.

The controller need to know

the exact position of car to
determine direction of travel,
speed profile, slowdown point
& stopping at level etc.

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Limit switches- a sample
There are two sets of these
switches; one for each terminal
landing i.e.top and bottom floor

Slowdown limits – force the car

to slowdown in case normal
slowdown fails

Direction limits- Prevents over-

travel in selected direction

Final limits – Puts off the

control system in case of
excessive over-travel

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Human interface
Inputs from passengers to the
elevator system

Outputs from the elevator

system to the passengers

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Car operating panel
Controls available for
passengers
Car call buttons
Door close button
Door open button
Alarm button
Intercom button
Speaker
Microphone
Car position indicator
Direction of travel indicator
Fan
Light
Service cabinet

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Hall operating panel
UP hall call button
DN hall call button
UP hall call acknowledgement
DN hall call acknowledgement
UP Direction indicator
DN Direction indicator
Car position indicator
Lift in use indicator
Lift in Inspection indicator

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Safeties incorporated in elevators
There are many safeties introduced in an elevator system in
compliance with the lift acts and rules or codes The safeties
incorporated in an elevator system may be categorized as,
a. Safeties for the passengers or members of public

b. Special safeties for the personnel working on elevator

system which are additional to the safeties for passengers, because
unlike the normal passenger the elevator
personnel/mechanic/technician is required to work not only inside the
car but also on car top, pit, hoist-way & the machine room.
c. Safeties for constituents of the elevator system.
The number of safeties depends on the type of elevator system,
complexity of the system, local lift codes ,drive , roping, doors ,rated
speed, environment etc.

Some of the safeties function for both passenger & equipment safety.

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Safety circuit or Safety chain
The very important safeties for passengers, lift personnel &
equipment constitute the ‘ Safety circuit or safety chain’.

The safety chain consists of various safety switches

connected in series in a specific sequence.

The DC/AC supply for the main direction relays is routed

through this safety chain.

If any of the switches in safety chain opens it disallows the

car motion.

The composition & sequence safety chain varies with the

type of elevator system. i.e. the no. of safety switches and
the test terminals differ with the type of elevator system.

No safety shall be defeated as it can seriously injure /

damage:
a. The members of public 32
b. The person working on the elevator system &
Disclaimer

A)Training material is exclusive property of Otis and hence its use/

reuse will be subject to prior written permission of Otis
B) Training has to be conducted by trained person by Otis/ Otis
deputed person
C) Training material is based on assumption that Elevator is under
maintenance of OEM
D) The person using the training information/guidance in actual
incidence, must use prudence as is expected from ordinary man.
(3) When we go we should submit covering letter under
acknowledgement

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