Universidad Nacional De Ingeniería

Instituto De Estudios Superiores

UNI-IES

Prueba de Cálculo III

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 𝑎𝑛+1
I. Utilice 𝑙𝑖𝑚 | | o bien integral para demostrar convergencia o
𝑛→∞ 𝑎𝑛
divergencia de las series dadas.

∞ ∞
1 𝑛!
a) ∑ 3 b) ∑ 𝑛
𝑛=1 √𝑛 𝑛=1 𝑛2

II. Verifique si la función dada es solución o no de la ecuación

correspondiente.

a) 𝑦 = 𝐶1 cos(5𝑥) + 𝐶2 sin(5𝑥) , 𝑦 ′′ + 25𝑦 = 0

𝑥
−
b) 𝑦 = 𝑒 3 , 3𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0

III. Resolver las ecuaciones dadas.

a) (2𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑑𝑦
b) + 2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥
Soluciones:
I:
∞
1
a) ∑ 3
𝑛=1 √𝑛

Criterio de la integral:
∞ 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
1 1
−1/3
𝑥 2/3
∫ 3 𝑑𝑥 = lim ∫ 1/3 𝑑𝑥 = lim ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = lim | =
√𝑥 𝑎→∞ 𝑥 𝑎→∞ 𝑎→∞ 2/3 1
1 1 1

33 2 𝑎 33 33 33 3
lim √𝑥 | = lim √𝑎2 − √12 = lim √∞2 − (1) =
𝑎→∞ 2 1 𝑎→∞ 2 2 𝑎→∞ 2 2
3
lim ∞ − = lim ∞ = ∞ 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑎→∞ 2 𝑎→∞
∞
1
∴ ∑ 3 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑛=1 √𝑛

∞
𝑛!
b) ∑ 𝑛
𝑛=1 𝑛2

Criterio de la Razón:
(𝑛 + 1)!
𝑎𝑛+1 (𝑛 + 1)2𝑛+1 (𝑛 + 1)! 𝑛2𝑛
lim = lim = lim ∙ =
𝑛→∞ 𝑎𝑛 𝑛→∞ 𝑛! 𝑛→∞ (𝑛 + 1)2𝑛+1 𝑛!
𝑛2𝑛
(𝑛 + 1)! 𝑛2𝑛 (𝑛 + 1)! 𝑛
lim ∙ = lim ∙
𝑛→∞ (𝑛 + 1)2𝑛 ∙ 21 𝑛! 𝑛→∞ (𝑛 + 1)2 𝑛!
 1 ∙ 2 ∙ 3 ∙ … ∙ (𝑛 − 1)(𝑛)(𝑛 + 1) 𝑛
lim ∙
𝑛→∞ (𝑛 + 1)2 1 ∙ 2 ∙ 3 ∙ … ∙ (𝑛 − 1)(𝑛)
(𝑛 + 1) 𝑛 ∞
lim ∙ 𝑛 = lim = lim = lim ∞ = ∞ 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑛→∞ (𝑛 + 1)2 𝑛→∞ 2 𝑛→∞ 2 𝑛→∞

∞
𝑛!
∴ ∑ 𝑛 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑛2
𝑛=1

II.

a) 𝑦 = 𝐶1 cos(5𝑥) + 𝐶2 sin(5𝑥)

𝑦 ′ = −5𝐶1 sin(5𝑥) + 5𝐶2 cos(5𝑥)

𝑦 ′′ = −25𝐶1 cos(5𝑥 ) − 25𝐶2 sin(5𝑥)

𝑦 ′′ + 25𝑦 = 0

−25𝐶1 cos(5𝑥 ) − 25 sin(5𝑥) 𝐶2 + 25[𝐶1 cos(5𝑥) + 𝐶2 sin(5𝑥)] = 0

−25𝐶1 cos(5𝑥 ) − 25 sin(5𝑥) 𝐶2 + 25𝐶1 cos(5𝑥) + 25𝐶2 sin(5𝑥) = 0

0=0
 𝑥
−3
b) 𝑦 = 𝑒

1 −𝑥
𝑦′ = − 𝑒 3
3

3𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 0

1 −𝑥 −
𝑥
3 (− 𝑒 3 ) + 𝑒 3 = 0
3

𝑥 𝑥
−𝑒 −3 + 𝑒 −3 = 0

0=0

III.

a) (2𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑦 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 1

𝑀𝑦 = 2𝑥 𝑁𝑥 = 2𝑥

𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑐
 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ∫ 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑔(𝑦)

𝑓𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑔′(𝑦)

𝑥 2 + 𝑔′(𝑦) = 𝑥 2 − 1

𝑥 2 + 𝑔′(𝑦) = 𝑥 2 − 1

∫ 𝑔′(𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑦

𝑔(𝑦) = −𝑦

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦 = 𝑐

a) (2𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

(𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑦 = −2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 2𝑥
− = 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 (𝑥 − 1)

𝑑𝑦 2𝑥
−∫ =∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 ( 𝑥 − 1)

− ln 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 2 − 1) + 𝑐

[− ln 𝑦 = ln(𝑥 2 − 1) + 𝑐](−1)

ln 𝑦 = − ln(𝑥 2 − 1) + 𝑐
 2 −1)+𝑐
𝑦 = 𝑒 − ln(𝑥

2 −1)
𝑦 = 𝑒 − ln(𝑥 ∙ 𝑒𝑐

−1
ln(𝑥 2 −1)
𝑦=𝑒 ∙𝑐

𝑦 = 𝑐(𝑥 2 − 1)−1

𝑐
𝑦=
(𝑥 2 − 1)

𝑑𝑦
b) + 2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥

𝑦 ′ + 𝑝(𝑥 )𝑦 = 𝑞(𝑥)

2
𝑒 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥

2
[𝑦 ′ + 2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 3 ](𝑒 𝑥 )

2 2 2
𝑒 𝑥 𝑦′ + 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 3

2
𝑢𝑣 ′ + 𝑢′ 𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 3

𝑑 2
[𝑢𝑣] = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑥2 2
[𝑒 𝑦] = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑥2 2
∫ [𝑒 𝑦] = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
 2
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥

𝑚 = 𝑥2 𝑑𝑚 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑚
= 𝑥𝑑𝑥
2

2 𝑑𝑚 1
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑚 𝑚 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑚 𝑚 𝑑𝑚
2 2

𝑢=𝑚 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑚
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑚 𝑑𝑚 𝑣 = 𝑒𝑚

∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢

1 1
∫ 𝑒 𝑚 𝑚𝑑𝑚 = [𝑚𝑒 𝑚 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑚 𝑑𝑚]
2 2

1 1
∫ 𝑒 𝑚 𝑚𝑑𝑚 = [𝑚𝑒 𝑚 − 𝑒 𝑚 ] + 𝑐
2 2

1 1
∫ 𝑒 𝑚 𝑚𝑑𝑚 = 𝑒 𝑚 [𝑚 − 1] + 𝑐
2 2

2 1 2
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 1) + 𝑐
2
 2 1 𝑥2 2
𝑒𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 (𝑥 − 1) + 𝑐
2

1 2 𝑐
( )
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1 + 𝑥2
2 𝑒