AWARENESS SEMINAR ON

BASIC OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH
Walter C. Mejia/Reny De Jesus/Michael Gaspar
Safety Officers
At the end of this seminar, the
participants must be able to identify the
existing unsafe acts and unsafe
conditions in their respective working
areas.
The OSHC (Occupational Safety and Health


Center) was established through Executive

Order No. 307, signed by former President
Corazon C. Aquino on Nov. 4, 1987.
The OSHC fulfills its mission through


research, training, information dissemination

and technical services.
The OSHS (Occupational Safety and Health


Standards) are the rules and regulations

governing work safety and health.

The OSHC (Occupational Safety and Health



Center) is a section under the DOLE

(Department of Labor and Employment)
 Unsafe Acts
+
Unsafe Conditions
=
Accidents/sickness/diseases/
illnesses /injuries/damage to
properties/death
 Improper Attitude
 Lack of knowledge or skill
 Physical unsuitability
 Improper mechanical or
physical environment
Rule 1060 OSHS


Premises of


establishments
Good Housekeeping shall be


maintained at all times through

cleanliness of
building, yards, machines, equipmen
t, regular waste disposal, orderly
arrangement of
processes, operations, storage and
filing of materials.
Seiri - Sort (Suriin)


Seiton - Systematize (Sinupin)



Seiso - Sweep (simutin)



Seiketsu - Standardize (siguruhin)



Shitsuke - Self-discipline (Sariling kusa)


Safety
Efficiency
Productivity improvement
Abnormalities easily seen
Quality improvement
Workers feel good in their second home

Company image: COMMUNITY MODEL

GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
PREVENTS
ACCIDENTS!
MATERIAL HANDLING
Manual Mechanical
 Special training needed for
operators
 Authorize handlers/operators
 Physical strain/over exertion
 Falling load
 Collision
 Hits, cuts, blows
 Trapped between objects
 Avoid placing materials on the floor.
 Save space by introducing multi-level racks
 Provide a cabinet for tools
 Use mobile storage.
 Have at least two exits
 Properly illuminated
 Properly ventilated
 Restricted access
What is fire? HEAT
+
FUEL
Fire is a chemical reaction +
between a flammable or OXYGEN
=
combustible material (fuel)
and oxygen.
 FUEL
HEAT
OXYGEN
Class A - Ordinary combustibles
Class B - Flammable liquids
Class C - Electrical fire
Class D - Combustible metals
For A Fire - water is the best extinguisher

For B Fire - a metal cover, wet cloth or

blanket
For C Fire - the main switch is the first
consideration
•Prevent the outbreak of fire
•Provide for early detection
•Prevent the spread of fire
•Provide for prompt extinguishment
•Provide for prompt and orderly
evacuation
 Shock
 Burns
 Fire
• Touching of live parts
• Short circuit
• Inadequate guarding
• Overloading
• Breaking of connections
EFFECTS TO THE BODY

•Disturbance to normal body

functions
•Burns on body tissues
•Ventricular fibrillations
•Death
 Proper installation of electric circuit
 Insulation
 Grounding
 Fuse/circuit breaker
 Lock-out Tag-out
 Regular inspection and maintenance
 Use of PPE
 Rotating
 Reciprocating
 Traversing
 Cutting
Punching
Shearing
Bending
 Moving parts
 Point of operation
 Power transmission
Preventing access


Preventing dangerous motion


Fixed enclosing guards
Movable guards or protection devices
Provision of
information, instruction, training and
supervision
Personal protective equipment
Failure to stop equipment


Failure to disconnect from power



source
Accidental restarting of equipment


Failure to clear work areas before



restarting.
A system designed to protect
against the unexpected startup
of machine that is supposed to
be “OFF”.
Chemical
Physical
Biological
Ergonomics
These arises from excessive airborne concentrations of:


 Acids/mist
 Solvents/vapors
 Gases
 Dusts/particulates
 Heavy metals/fumes
These include…

Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Molds
Microorganisms
 Posture (awkward posture, static posture)
 Forceful exertions
 Movement
 Environmental factors
 Workplace dimension
 Job design
 Walk-through survey/ocular inspection
 Review of processes involved
 Knowing the raw materials used, products and
by-products
 Gathering of worker’s complaints
 Medical and safety records
 Performance report
 Absenteeism, turnover
Refers to the measurement
and evaluation of the
different stresses in the
workplace to determine the
extent of worker’s exposure
to chemical substances like
acids, organic solvents,
gases, dust, heavy metals
and physical factors like
noise, heat, inadequate
illumination and ventilation.
To monitor worker’s exposure to harmful substances


To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental control



measures adopted to improve the workplace

To maintain favorable environment conditions


To periodically check the environment through



measurement
To predict harmfulness of new facilities, raw materials,


production processes, and working methods

Determination of the magnitude or level
of hazards with the use of equipment
Analysis of samples
Comparison of results of measurement
with the standards
Lux Meter - illumination
Psychrometer - Humidity
Anemometer - Air Movement
Smoke Tester - Air Direction
Globe Thermometer - Heat
Sound Level Meter - Noise
Decibels (dB) Examples
0 The quiet sound you can hear
30 Whisper, quiet library
Normal conversation, sewing machine,
60
typewriter
70 – 80 Television
Lawnmower, shop tools, truck traffic
90
(8 hours/day -max. exposure)
100 Chainsaw, pneumatic drill, snowmobile
Sandblasting, loud rock concert, auto
115
horn
Gun muzzle blast, jet engine (causes
140
pain)
Duration/day (hrs.) Sound level (dB)
8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1½ 102
1 105
½ 110
¼ or less 115
Engineering Control
Administrative Control
Personal Protective Equipment
• Substitution of a less toxic material
• Change in process to minimize contact with
hazardous chemicals
• Isolation or enclosure of a process or operation
• Use of wet methods to reduce generation of
dusts or other particulates
• General ventilation
• Local exhaust, including the use of fume hoods
 Rotation of job assignments
 Adjust work schedules
 Work enlargement
 Rest breaks
 Training and education
1081 GENERAL PROVISIONS:
Every employer shall at his own expense furnish his
workers with protective equipment for the eyes, face, hands
and feet, protective shields and barriers whenever
necessary by reasons of the hazardous nature of the
process or environment, chemical or radiological or other
mechanical irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or
impairment in thefunction of any part of the body through
absorption, inhalation or physical contact.
1081.02 All protective equipment shall be of


approved design and construction appropriate for

the exposure and the work to be performed.
1081.03 The employer shall be responsible for


the adequacy and proper maintenance of personal

protective equipment used in his workplace
1081.04 No person shall be subjected or exposed


to hazardous environmental condition without

protection.
 Hard Hat
 Bump Cap
HAZARDS
«

Impact
Penetration
Absorb shock
Electrical
 Safety Glasses/Spectacles
 Safety Goggles
 Face Shield
HAZARDS
«

Flying particle
Sparks
Light radiation
Splashes
Gases
 Ear plug
 Ear muffs
 Canal caps

HAZARD
«

Excessive noise
( Noise exceeding 85-90 dB or more on
eight hour exposure )
 Filtration respirator
 Air-purifying respirator
 Air-supplying respirator

HAZARD
«

Mist Smoke
Vapors Fumes
Dust Sprays
Gases
 Gloves
 Hand pads
 Sleeves

«HAZARDS
Pinch points Hot spots
Extreme abrasions Sharp objects
Electrical
 Foot guards
 Safety shoes/boots
 Leggings

- HAZARDS
Falling or rolling objects
Sharp objects
Hot surfaces
Wet, slippery surfaces
 Safety belts
 Safety Harness
ACUTE
 - high dose exposure
( ex. pesticide poisoning )
CHRONIC -low dose exposure


( ex. Lead poisoning, cancer from

benzene )
Eye contact
Skin contact
Inhalation
Ingestion
 Skin irritation
Eye irritation
Central nervous system
Kidney
Liver
Cardiovascular
Lungs
 EXPOSURE
smelter
welder
battery worker
radiator repair
scrapers of lead paint
 Dizziness
 Vomiting
 Headaches

Long - term effects of lead can cause paralysis



of the legs or arms, and may damage the

kidneys.
 Blood examination of workers being
exposed to lead
 Good local ventilation
 Appropriate personal protection
 A good safety and health program
 Hazards include metal fumes coming from
welding and the ultra-violet (UV) rays
from the electrode holder.
 Metal fumes affect the lungs and kidneys
while the UV rays can cause blindness.
 Install appropriate ventilation
 Use a welding mask
 and
look at a distance for several minutes.
To prevent eye problems, neck, shoulder, back


and wrist pain, try to stretch your body while

resting your eyes.
A properly designed work area can effectively


prevent body pains and increase productivity.

What are the Unsafe Acts and
Unsafe Conditions can you
identify in your workplace?