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5005
Edexcel GCSE
Science
Biology B1a
Topic 1: Environment
Topic 2: Genes
Foundation and Higher Tiers
Monday 25 June 2007 – Morning
Time: 20 minutes
Materials required for examination Items included with question papers
Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Nil
HB pencil, eraser and calculator

Instructions to Candidates
Use an HB pencil. Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so.
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Foundation tier candidates: answer questions 1 – 24.

Higher tier candidates: answer questions 17 – 40.
All candidates are to answer questions 17 – 24.

Before the test begins:

Check that the answer sheet is for the correct test and that it contains your candidate details.

How to answer the test:

For each question, choose the right answer, A, B, C or D
and mark it in HB pencil on the answer sheet. A B D
For example, the answer C would be marked as shown.
Mark only one answer for each question. If you change your mind about an answer, rub out the first
mark thoroughly, then mark your new answer.
Do any necessary calculations and rough work in this booklet. You may use a calculator if you wish.
You must not take this booklet or the answer sheet out of the examination room.

Printer’s Log. No.

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*N29509A*
W850/R1535/57570 7/5/3/3/23,200

This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2007 Edexcel Limited.
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 Questions 1 to 16 must be answered by Foundation tier candidates only.
Higher tier candidates start at question 17.

Food web

The diagram shows a food web.

fox hawk

rabbit mouse grasshopper

grass

1. The number of organisms in competition for grass is

A none
B one
C three
D six

2. How many different animals are in the food web?

A one
B two
C five
D six

3. How many food chains are in this food web?

A one
B three
C six
D nine

4. A disease killed most of the rabbits.

This would cause a decrease in the population of

A grass only
B foxes only
C hawks only
D foxes and hawks

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 Frogs and their cells

American bullfrog frog cell

Source: www.wikipedia.org

5. Chromosomes are found in the part of the cell labelled Z.

What is Z?

A cell membrane
B chlorophyll
C cytoplasm
D nucleus

6. How many chromosomes are found in Z?

A none
B one
C two
D four

7. American bullfrogs can jump nine times their height into the air.
This characteristic is a result of

A inheritance
B classification
C genetic engineering
D transplantation

8. Female bullfrogs lay eggs which the male bullfrogs fertilise externally.
This is an example of

A asexual reproduction
B binary fission
C in vitro fertilisation
D sexual reproduction

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 Predators

The following passage was found in a science magazine.

In an area of the Rocky Mountains in the USA 130 cows and 350
sheep were eaten by wolves in a twelve year period. Wolves are
predators, wild animals that hunt other animals for their own
food. Other predators are mountain lions, hawks and ferrets.
Because these animals are meat eaters, they are also called
carnivores. Some predators, such as coyotes and bears, are also
scavengers, meaning they will eat the dead bodies of animals that
they didn‛t hunt themselves.

9. How many different predators are named in the passage?

A one
B two
C four
D six

10. Which is true?

A Predators compete with prey for food

B Predators compete with each other for food
C Predators are food for prey
D Predators cannot be scavengers

11. How many cows and sheep were probably eaten each year by wolves in the area of the Rocky
Mountains?

A 40
B 130
C 350
D 480

12. The information suggests that

A cows and sheep will become extinct

B wolves are better predators than mountain lions
C scavengers are not very good predators
D cows and sheep are prey

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 Superheroes and super rats

Superheroes in cartoons have super powers because their genetic material

has been changed.

13. Scientists can change genetic material.

This process is called

A inheritance
B genetic modification
C selective breeding
D variation

14. Which of these is not genetic material?

A allele
B gene
C DNA
D muscle

15. Warfarin is a poison used to kill rats. Super rats have developed a natural resistance to
Warfarin.
The increase in the number of super rats is an example of

A genetic modification
B selective breeding
C natural selection
D cloning

16. An increase in the number of super rats in the environment is likely to cause

A an increase in the number of normal rats

B a decrease in the number of normal rats
C no change in the number of normal rats
D a decrease in the total number of rats

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 Higher tier candidates start at question 17 and answer questions 17 to 40.
Questions 17 to 24 must be answered by all candidates: Foundation tier and Higher tier.

Food chain

The diagram shows a food chain.

wheat rat flea

17. Which row of the table gives the correct names for the organisms in this food chain?

wheat rat flea

A producer herbivore carnivore
B herbivore carnivore producer
C producer carnivore herbivore
D herbivore producer carnivore

18. Each rat in this food chain has many fleas feeding on its blood.
Which is the pyramid of biomass for this food chain?

A B C D

19. A pyramid of biomass shows the amount of

A dry mass of organisms at one level

B dry mass of organisms at each level
C wet mass of organisms at one level
D wet mass of organisms at each level

20. It is more efficient to produce wheat as food than meat as food.

This is because

A wheat contains less energy

B meat contains more energy
C less energy is wasted
D wheat grows faster

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 Peppered moth

The peppered moth, Biston betularia, can have light wings or dark wings.

moths on a tree trunk in polluted woodland

light winged moth

dark winged moth

moths on a tree trunk in unpolluted woodland

light winged moth

dark winged moth

The moths are eaten by birds.

A scientist wanted to find out which type of moth was better adapted in each type of woodland. He
released light and dark winged moths into a polluted and an unpolluted woodland. After a period of
time he counted how many were left. His results are in the table.

polluted woodland unpolluted woodland

light winged moths
released 250 200
recaptured 25 150
dark winged moths
released 250 200
recaptured 150 50

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21. The scientist calculated the percentage of moths recaptured from the polluted and unpolluted
woodlands.
Which row of this table shows the largest percentage of moths recaptured?

woodland colour of wing

A polluted dark
B polluted light
C unpolluted dark
D unpolluted light

22. The recaptured moths had survived better.

This is most likely because the birds could not

A smell the moths

B see the moths
C taste the moths
D touch the moths

23. The scientist concluded that natural selection had happened.

The conclusion is only valid if the moths

A were eaten by birds

B flew away from the woodland
C died from disease
D died from starvation

24. The peppered moths belong to

A the same kingdom and species

B a different kingdom but the same species
C a different kingdom and species
D the same kingdom but a different species

TOTAL FOR FOUNDATION TIER PAPER: 24 MARKS

Foundation tier candidates do not answer any more questions after question 24.

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 Questions 25 to 40 must be answered by Higher tier candidates only.
Foundation tier candidates do not answer questions 25 to 40.

Sexual reproduction

Mammals such as lions reproduce sexually. The offspring are often similar but not genetically identical.

25. Sometimes twins are born. They can be genetically identical.

Genetically identical organisms are called

A gametes
B transgenic
C alleles
D clones

26. The cubs born to the lions will inherit

A all their genes from their mother

B all their genes from their father
C an equal number of genes from each parent
D no genes from either parent

27. Some of the features of the lions are caused by environmental factors.
Which is most likely to be an environmental effect?

A eye colour
B fur colour
C sex
D weight

28. The male lion carries the chromosomes XY. The female lioness carries the chromosomes XX.
If a first cub is male, what is the chance of a second cub being female?

A 25%
B 50%
C 75%
D 100%

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Charles Darwin wrote The Origin of Species.

Charles Darwin

29. This cartoon of Charles Darwin appeared in a national newspaper.

This is because his book stated that

A monkeys were an endangered species

B monkeys and humans had a common ancestor
C humans evolved from monkeys
D the DNA of humans and monkeys is identical

30. Darwin’s theory was about evolution through

A natural selection
B artificial selection
C selective breeding
D genetic modification

31. The Origin of Species was published in 1859.

At the time, most of the scientific community

A agreed with Darwin’s observations and his interpretations

B agreed with Darwin’s observations but not his interpretations
C agreed with Darwin’s interpretations but not his observations
D disagreed with Darwin’s observations and interpretations

32. Which of these processes was not known about at the time when Darwin published his
theory?

A variation
B competition
C adaptation
D mutation

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 GM cotton

Some cotton plants have been genetically modified to contain a gene for making pesticide.

Source: www.wikipedia.org

33. Which row of the table shows how the plant is genetically modified?

gene artificially inserted pollination

A yes yes
B yes no
C no yes
D no no

34. The gene put into the cotton plant is from

A the same plant

B the same species
C a GM species
D a different species

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35. The graph shows the change in the area of land used to grow GM crops in the world from 1996
to 2002.

millions 100
of acres 90
80
70
60 GM crops
50 soybean
40 corn
30 cotton
20
10
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
year

Which statement is supported by the data in the graph?

A There has been a constant increase in the amount of land used to grow each GM crop
since 1996
B People consumed more soybean in 2002 than they did in 1996
C There has been a 50% increase in the area of land used to grow GM corn between 1998
and 2002
D There has been a 33% increase in the area of land used to grow GM corn between 1998
and 2002

36. These statements are about GM crops.

1 GM crops are also called transgenic crops.

2 Transgenic breeding is used to increase the population of GM crops.

Which are true?

A 1 only
B 2 only
C both 1 and 2
D neither

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 Who is the father?

It is possible to identify the parents of a child by analysing the blood groups of the children.
Scientists investigated two possible fathers of a child whose mother had the alleles A and i.
The Punnett squares below show the gametes and possible offspring.

father 1 father 2

A i A B

A AA Ai A AA AB
mother mother
i Ai ii i Ai Bi

Blood groups can be A = Ai or AA

B = Bi or BB
AB = AB only
O = ii only

37. Which is the possible father for a child with blood group A?

A father 1 only
B father 2 only
C father 1 or father 2
D neither father 1 nor father 2

38. Which of the alleles is most likely to be recessive?

A allele A
B allele B
C allele i
D none

39. Which blood group would not appear in any child from father 2?

A A
B B
C AB
D O

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40. These two statements are about genetic inheritance.

1 Dominant alleles are always passed on to offspring.

2 Recessive alleles are never shown in the phenotype of the offspring.

Which are true?

A 1 only
B 2 only
C both 1 and 2
D neither

TOTAL FOR HIGHER TIER PAPER: 24 MARKS

END

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