Auf Munir

1/18/18
G/T Independent Research

Annotated Source List

“Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction.” ​Mark Adickes, MD, Mark Adickes, MD
Orthopaedic Surgeon Sports Medicine Knee Surgery Houston TX, ​www.aclreconstruction
houston.com/anterior-cruciate-ligament-acl-reconstruction/. Accessed 6 Nov. 2017.

This article is in depth on ACL injuries. It mentions the ACLs function, how it gets
injured, the diagnosis, treatment, surgery, rehab, and risks. The ACL is an important ligament
that stabilizes the knee. If the knee twists or is directly hit, a popping sound may occur. Swelling
starts and an MRI can be done. Rest, ice, elevation, and bandages will help treat the injury.
Surgery may be needed and is done arthroscopically, but the patient may have to stay overnight
or throughout the day. Rehabilitation is a big part of the treatment. After six months, the athlete
is almost ready to go and is safe to return to low intensity sports but only after 12 months can
you return safely to all athletics. Some complications may occur, but overall the surgeons are
very experienced and have a 95% success rate on these types of surgeries.
This article is very organized by separating subtopics which made it easy to read and
follow. The writer is very knowledgeable and has worked for ESPN as a doctor for athletes. The
information can be used for future research because it is credible, up to date and focuses on ACL
injuries.

"Artificial Bone." ​World of Invention​, Gale, 2006. ​Science in Context​, link.galegroup.com/apps/

doc/CV1647500047/SCIC?u=elli85889&xid=3e101b08. Accessed 23 Oct. 2017.

This article talks about artificial bones which can be used after bone repairs. Autografts
can be used for repairs which is when a piece of bone is taken from another part of the patient’s
body. Another method that can be used is an allograft. An allograft is when a bone is donated
from a deceased person before death and is utilized in surgery. Many studies and tests were made
to see which elements could make bones stronger; similar to tooth enamel. Chemist Richard J.
Lagow and professor Joel W. Barlow collaborated to see which elements could strengthen bones.
They wanted to test cells and blood vessels could help bones grow if anyone ever lost pieces of
bones. More tests are being run to find bone flexibility and stiffness. One allograft called
bone-morphogenic protein (BMP), can artificially stimulate the growth of natural bone. It can
only be used sparingly, specifically for spinal injuries.
This article includes many tests and studies run by actual professors, doctors, and
chemists. The history of artificial bones is given as well. The results of studies are given and
some examples of artificial growth of bones. Plenty of information is given and can be used in
future research due to its validity. It could be a bit outdated though as it was written in 2006.
"Artificial Ligaments." ​World of Invention​, Gale, 2006. ​Science in Context​, link.galegroup.com
/apps/doc/CV1647500051/SCIC?u=elli85889&xid=f87f3b7c. Accessed 23 Oct. 2017.

The article mentions the reasons why artificial ligaments came to use. Ligaments must be
repaired or replaced when torn. Autografts would need to be performed for ACLs in the knee. It
is still the most popular and successful form of ligament replacement. Autografts are pieces of
bones which are used from other parts of the body. In 1988, W. L. Gore developed an artificial
ligament which could be used only if a patient’s autograft failed. Rehabilitation time for the new
artificial ligament decreased significantly. Instead of one year, it was cut down to six weeks.
Artificial ligaments had a high failure rate though, even after only two years. Researchers are
still working on potential materials to be utilized for artificial ligaments, tendons, and joints.
This article is from a trusted database and provides plenty of information on artificial
ligaments and its history and success rate. The article also is in depth on the ligament topic by
describing what an ACL is, how to replace it, and what comes after replacement. The
information can be used in future research and is useful to the topic of ACL tears because it
provides a new route of research. The date is somewhat old as the article was published in 2006.

"Conmed Buys Exoshape ACL Product Line from Med Shape." ​Business Journal (Central New
York)​, vol. 31, no. 28, 17 July 2017, p. 9. EBSCO​host​, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=f5h&AN=124240713&site=ehost-live. Accessed 2, Jan. 2018.

In the article, a company named Conmed bought an ACL surgical device that helps
soften the tissues in the injury. This device is called the ExoShape ACL Fixation System and is
considered a breakthrough in soft tissue fixation. This is when the tendons and ligaments are
eased by compression and securing the graft inside the bone. It also reduces interior pain and is
strong and secure on the inside. These devices can help minimize invasive procedures, and can
be used by many different types of surgeons.
This article provides a new path for future research as technology comes into play. Since
the article is very up to date, the use of technology, like the device mentioned, can help in an
ACL tear. This device is safe, secure, and also reduces pain. The source seems reliable because it
is from a business journal.

Cutts, Joe. “A Safer World for ACLs?” ​Ski Magazine​, vol. 79, no. 4, Dec 2014, pp. 55-58. http://
web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=68bc10d7-496c-4608-9c15-b17d4a1
b75c5%40sessionmgr4007&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=995772
82&db=f5h. Accessed 4 Dec. 2017.

This article talks about how ACLs have gotten safer in the skiing world. Usually an ugly
pop noise occurs and expensive surgery must be done to fix the injury. But now that
KneeBinding products are out, skiers use that to help maintain ligament stability and knee
stability. Many skiers break their legs due to the sport’s demanding tasks. KneeBinding products
have been sold in multiple places and majority owner John Springer-Miller has claimed that
ACL injuries are finished and that the product works 100% of the time. This product is for all
About 40% of college football players suffer knee injuries when playing on turf compared to
natural grass. The doctors wanted to study the two respective surfaces, because many colleges
are switching from grass to turf for their stadium. There were 318 ACL injuries during
2004-2009 seasons. ACL injuries are more common in games than practice and athletes are 1.39
times more people, even 80 year olds. A way for normal people to have fun and ski without the
fear of busting your knee down the slope.
This article is very in depth and straightforward about the ACL problem. It talks about a
way to get rid of the injury. The magazine was smart enough to interview the owner of the
product, which helps reputability, and talks about how the product can help people ski safely
without the fear of tearing a ligament. The source is up to date and seems to have a good
understanding of the injury and how it occurs. This can help in future research because people
ski casually and the ACL injury can happen to them even if they are not athletes or competitive
skiers.

Davidson, Tish. "Sprains and Strains." ​The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine​, edited by Jacqueline
L. Longe, 5th ed., Gale, 2015. ​Science in Context​, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/LHFICE
123651383/SCIC?u=elli85889&xid=94848d38. Accessed 16 Oct. 2017.

Sprains are damaged or torn ligaments or joints. Strains are damaged or torn muscles.
Excessive force can tear ligaments. Strains can also be called pulled muscles. Adults are more
likely to obtain sprains than children, because children have tighter ligaments, but their bones are
more likely to break. There are three grades to sprains: grade I is no tear but a slight swelling,
grade II are partial tears, swelling and pain may occur, and grade III are complete tears. Severe
pain, loss of joint function, and swelling and bruising are all possible symptoms. X-rays may
need to be taken for both Grade II and Grade III sprains. Rest, ice, compression, and elevation
are all treatments for sprains Grade II or III sprains may need crutches and an immobilized cast.
Surgery may also be needed.
The article provides plentiful of information on each specific sprain grade and its causes
and symptoms. The article is helpful in organizing the information in an easy to read manner.
The information can be used in future research due to its informational studies and diagnoses.
The article also provides treatment options for such injuries and the severity of the sprains by
classifying it in separate grades to help the reader obtain a better understanding of the article. It is
somewhat relevant being only two years old.

“Football Knee Injuries Likelier on Turf Than Grass.”​ Reuters Health Medical News​, 1 May
2012. ​Science in Context​, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A288187577/SCIC?u=
elli85889&xid=7ac981e2. Accessed 6 Oct. 2017.

The article provides research that occurred in a previous study. likely to get that injury on
turf than on grass, although colleges claim that turf increases player performance potentially, but
studies show that it decreases safety. Doctors are trying to create new shoes to help players get a
better grip on turf. The footwear designed for grass is not the same as it is for turf, causing
injuries to rise. Making a different type of shoe will help athletes pivot and change direction
without the risk of having an ACL tear.
 The research in the article is useful because it provides statistics that can be used later on.
The article also talks about playing surface technology and the differences between the two
choices. The article also mentions footwear, adding a new route to research.

Karageanes, Steven J. “Avoiding ACL Injuries .” ​American Cheerleader​, vol. 10, no. 3, June
2004, pp. 117–119. web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=becbde19-a35e-
4371-afaa-255b15d4c5a9@sessionmgr4007&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ==#A
N=12871052&db=f5h. Accessed 27, Nov. 2017.

This article talks about the background information of ACL tears. An ACL tear is an
athlete’s worst injury, as it can sideline them for a whole year. Even a partial tear or sprain of an
ACL can hinder a person’s ability to walk. The ACL is a ligament that stabilizes the knee and
while it still may be intact, it can not heal in time for sports play. Women are more likely to get
an ACL injury than men and the majority of it being a non-contact injury. Some factors believed
to be the cause of this are weaker hamstrings and stronger quadriceps, hyperextended knees, and
poor jumping or running technique. Swelling occurs once an ACL is torn. An autograft or
allograft may occur. Rehabilitation takes about six to nine months. Exercising will help balance
leg muscles, like the quads and the hamstrings, and improve jumping technique and power.
Stretching will help keep the leg muscles loose. Tight muscles will raise the risks of knee
damage. And finally, rest. Rest will help relieve stress from your leg muscles after activity.
Keeping them stressed will not help them avoid injury.
The article is easy to follow as each section is separated into subtitles. The author is
experienced in the subject and the magazine is focused strictly on sports. The information is in
depth as well. It can be used in future research based on its reliability and information. The
source is outdated and is from 2004.

“Knee.” ​The Centers for Advanced Orthopaedics.​, 2017. ​Potomac Valley Orthopaedic
Associates​, www.pvoac.com/specialized-care/knee. Accessed 6 Nov. 2017.

This article talks about knee problems and how they can affect other parts of the body.
There are non-surgical treatments that can be done to the knees. The joints in the knee are
important for activity but many of the problems can be fixed. Surgery or arthroscopy may be
done if physical therapy, exercise, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, injections, medicine,
or bracing are not helpful or useful options. Non-surgical options are the best way to go if
surgery is not necessary. A background medical check will be done before any treatment occurs.
Advanced treatment for knee pains can be done for people of all ages from kids to seniors. Knee
injuries can range from ACLs, sprains, strains, meniscus tears, patella, fractures, etc.
This article provides useful information on knee care and what may occur when injured.
This is helpful for future research. The article also talks about different types of knee injuries and
what may be done to fix them. The source is credible as it is written by a medical center. Each
knee injury has its own explanatory video which creates site organization. This will help in
future research because the ACL topic is mentioned often. The source is up to date as it was
written this year.
Lerner, K. Lee and Lerner, Brenda W. "Lower Leg Injuries." ​World of Sports Science​, Gale,
2007. ​Science in Context​, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644830276/SCIC?
u=elli85889&xid=a71f61a6. Accessed 30 Oct. 2017.

This article provides information on lower leg injuries which include the shin, calf, tibia,
and fibula bones. The knee, ankle, and foot are not considered as lower leg injuries but key
specialized injuries. A major lower leg injury, probably the worst, is an Achilles tendon tear. It
can take a year to return to form. Shin splints can also occur, which are very common. The RICE
(rest, compression, ice, elevation) treatment can be used. If pain persists, the shin may have
compartment syndrome or a stress fracture. Compartment syndrome can prevent the athlete from
putting weight on one side of the leg and it may also cause numbness. Surgery may be needed. A
stress fracture is a break in the bone structure. Much rest is needed and an x-ray may need to be
taken.
This article is useful for future research because it provides plenty of information on
lower leg injuries and what may happen to a person after obtaining one. The article is a bit
outdated as it was written in 2007. The article also shows a graphic of what a lower leg injury
looks like through x-ray. The article also focuses on the achilles tendon which is very similar to
an ACL tear due to the fact that it is common and that it takes a year to recover from.

Lerner, K. Lee and Lerner, Brenda W. "Thigh and Upper Leg Injuries." ​World of Sports Science​,
Gale, 2007. ​Science in Context​, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2644830459/SCIC?u=
elli85889&xid=4743cd68. Accessed 30 Oct. 2017.

This article provides information on the thigh and upper leg injuries which are above the
ACL. The muscles in this area are critical to the structure of the body. The femur is the longest
and heaviest bone and supports the quadriceps and the hamstrings, which is in the area, help the
knee flex. The upper thigh muscles help with movement in the legs and stabilization. There are
three types of strains that a muscle can obtain and they can cause ruptures. A grade 1 strain is a
cramp or tightness in the muscle. A grade 2 strain causes pain to the muscle while a grade 3
strain makes the athlete feel a stabbing in the area. The damage to the tissue needs to be healed
before the athlete can participate in sports again. Giving the injury rest, ice, compression, and
elevation will heal the injury 90% of the time. Stretching can help decrease the potential injuries
that may occur.
This article provides plenty of information on different bones and muscles. The authors
explain how each bone or muscle can get injured and what can be done to prevent it or heal it.
This information can be used in future research due to the plenty of information it contains and it
is placed in an organized manner which is easy to follow. The source is from 2007 which may be
outdated.

Lloyd, Janice. "ACL Tear is no Longer a Big Game-Stopper." ​USA Today​, 8 Apr. 2009, p.
06D. ​Science in Context​, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A197458139/SCIC?u=elli8588
9&xid=fb40d1b2. Accessed 16 Oct. 2017.

The ACL is a crucial ligament in the knee and is very susceptible to injuries due to its
exposure. When the ACL is torn or ruptured, the knee has moves abnormally. This may lead to a
greater likelihood of early knee problems which worsen over time and other injuries.
Rehabilitation takes about six months to a year. Motion exercises occur in rehab and it keeps the
body out of dangerous positions. Older aged people may opt for surgery and not just young
people. An arthroscopic technique may be used in surgery for an ACL tear as it allows the
healing time to go faster. Surgery may not be used for everyone because it all depends on the
activity level for the person and how loose the joint is.
The article provides many good points on ACL tears, rehabilitation, surgery, injury, etc.
Many qualified people make specific points in the article, like surgeons or doctors. This
information can be used in future research due to its validity and first hand knowledge from a
person who has torn his ACL before. The article is a bit outdated which may be a problem as it is
from 2009.

N.A. "Information Please." ​USA Today​, 2003. n.d.EBSCO​host​,search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?

direct=true&db=f5h&AN=J0E118831932003&site=ehost-live. Accessed 2, Jan. 2018.

When cutting, landing, or pivoting, a non-contact ACL may occur. Single leg balancing
is a good technique to prevent the injury especially if it is done three to four times a week.
Improvement will be noticed within eight weeks. Tim Hewett, a biomechanist who has
researched ACL’s for multiple years is a foundation director at the Cincinnati Children’s
Hospital. He stated that girls should start practicing ACL prevention techniques at the age of 11.
But he also prefers that they start three years earlier than that. Tim also says that an ACL
prevention program can increase an athlete’s performance as well. Anywhere from a 10% to
100% increase, whether it be in vertical leaps or strength. The main idea in this course is to get
better balance, strength, and control.
This article provides great information on ACL prevention techniques. The article’s
information is helpful due to the fact that a researcher of ACLs is there to answer questions. This
is great for future research because much valuable and reliable information is in the article about
prevention techniques. The article was written in 2003 so it is outdated.

"No Weak Knees." ​Prevention​, vol. 48, no. 8, Aug. 1996, p. 30. EBSCO​host​, search.ebscohost.
com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sch&AN=9607227520&site=scirc-live.

This article talks about knee injuries and how women are eight times more likely to get
an ACL injury than men are. This is because their hamstrings take a longer time to develop. Both
men and women though have to go through surgery and rehab for about a year before taking part
in sports. One prevention method brought up in the article is getting hamstrings started early in
life. Hamstrings can keep the pressure off the ACL. Working both sides of the legs at an early
age can help the hamstrings become strong and protective of the ACL. One exercise that is
recommended to do is jump roping. It helps not only your hamstrings but also your heart. Also,
some exercises that one may have done in gym works. Running backward, in figure eights, and
playing hopscotch will help the legs move in different directions and pivot in proper ways. A
study found out that this way of training is better than weight lifting for the hamstrings. They are
not necessarily designed to build strength but to help your legs acclimatize to the cuts and pivots
it does to prevent ACL injuries.
 This article is very trustworthy because it is in a health journal or magazine and has
studies from American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and research from University of
Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor. They include their findings and present it in the article.
This can help in future research because it talks about prevention methods and how other parts of
the body can affect the ACL.

Orr, Tamra B. "Needing Your Knees." ​Current Health 1​, vol. 25, no. 3, Nov. 2001, p. 28.
EBSCO​host​,search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sch&AN=5447653&site=
scirc-live. Accessed 9 Jan. 2018.

Laura Soto, an 18 year old high school soccer player tore her ACL on the field an
ambulance had to take her to the emergency room. Doctors seem to say that these injuries are
normal now. They are now calling it an epidemic. Over 1000 knee injuries occur annually.
Laura had a scholarship to play soccer in college. When she got surgery, she needed an autograft
and then wore a brace. For eight hours a day, she had to put her leg in a machine to help it bend.
The ACL connects the shinbone and thigh bone and is more common in girls due to the different
muscle shapes and sizes. Megan Okui also tore her ACL in a noncontact fashion. After jumping
up for a shot, she landed and twisted her knee. Some solutions for keeping the knee strong are
warming up, wearing gear, and exercise the quadriceps, hamstrings, and knees. Also, be careful
when landing after a jump. Never be reckless and careless when competing.
This article provides many different ways to prevent the injury which can help in future
research. There are different knee exercises the author mentions and the author goes in detail
about the structure of the knee and how this injury has become such an epidemic. This article
was found in a health issue so it seems reliable. Although it is outdated, it provides good
information and show the reader that this problem still existed in the 2000’s.

Poster, Carol. "Knee-Deep in Trouble. (Cover Story)." ​Backpacker​, vol. 21, no. 9, Dec. 1993, p.
31. EBSCO​host​, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sch&AN=94022359
63&site=scirc-live. Accessed 9 Jan. 2018.

An athlete’s career can end in a knee injury. Your knee is susceptible to accidents and
overusages. A slippery area, a quick turn, or a light hop can end in a fall and clutching of the
knee. An MCL, LCL, PCL, or ACL can tear and depending on the degree of the tear, the more
serious the injury gets as the degree gets higher. Menisci on the side of your knee can be torn.
These act as shock absorbers on the side of your knee. It can increase the risk of someone getting
arthritis if torn. To prevent these injuries, exercise a lot. Walk and bike year round but take rests
and go slow when appropriate. Don’t exhaust yourself and walk at a moderate pace. Also,
stretching your legs, wrapping it in ice, and elevating it will help reduce discomfort.
This article is very helpful when providing insight on knee injury preventions. It also
talks about the mechanics of the human knee, exercise regimen, and how to get help when
injured. The source is not up to date but was written in an issue regarding hiking. This article can
help in future research because it gives out many knee preventing techniques and many different
aspects of the knee and its parts’ duties inside and around the knee area.
Redmond, Jennifer Hogan. “ACL and MCL Tears and Repairs.” ​Cincinnati Magazine​, vol. 49,
no. 7, Apr. 2016, pp. 106–108. HealthWatch Orthopaedics, http://web.b.ebscohost.com
/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=c8dc3d06-fff1-4973-bbda-fa65da2406e4%40ses
sionmgr101. Accessed 27, Nov. 2017.

This article talks about the impact of ACL and MCL tears to the body. Non-contact
injuries are becoming more common which may sound scary. When a tear occurs, one may feel a
pop in the knee and swelling, stiffness, limping, and pain may be felt. MCLs are more common
than ACLs and can heal themselves. ACLs can not heal on their own and 50 percent of the time
they have associations with other knee injuries. MCL surgery is uncommon and a brace may
need to be worn. Athletes can come back to recreation within a week or two. ACL reconstruction
may need a graft and intense rehabilitation. One may recover and be back to form after nine to
twelve months. Genes may be a cause of ACL tears. But three-fourths of patients return to full
form a year after the injury. One concern is that patients are at the risk of arthritis the years to
come after the injury.
This article is very helpful in its information given and well organized into different
sections. Much information wa given on not only ACLs but MCLs as well. This could be used in
future research if I can branch off into the MCL path. Many doctors were interviewed and their
thoughts were posted in the magazine, making it a bit more reliable. The source well aware of
the topic and insightful. The source is up to date as it was from 2016.

Rouch, Philippe "Influence of playing surface on ACL injuries for non-contact

sports." ​SportsTURF​, Feb. 2017, p. 36+. ​Student Resources in Context​, go.galegroup
.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&sw=w&u=elli85889&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA484156798&it=r&a
sid=2d26d425c5e6ee348781bcd1e7c2666e. Accessed 26 Sept. 2017.

This article discusses injuries that can end players’ seasons and even careers. That is why
player safety is becoming more important to team policy. These teams can not afford losing big
time athletes. Playing surface is one of the biggest causes of sports injuries. 64% of soccer
players believed that field conditions cause their injuries they obtain. Up to 91% of them thought
that playing surface can increase the risk of injury. A natural grass field has decreased over time
and now artificial turf has evolved into a newer playing ground, although it is much more
dangerous than natural grass and can increase the rate of non-contact injuries. A soccer league in
France, called Ligue 1, banned artificial turf. ACL injuries are very dangerous when it comes to
turf. 85% of ACL tears occur on non-contact injuries which is an alarming number based on how
harmful an ACL can become. It takes usually a year to a year and a half to recover from the tear.
In an experiment, college rugby players were told to jump, cut, and run on the two different
playing surfaces. The more stress being applied by the surface of the ground can cause more
joint problems let alone the contact athletes receive.
The research in the paper provided a useful argument with an experiment supporting its
side. The running tests in the article helped find evidence. Many numbers and stats were thrown
into the article which were easy to comprehend. One con was that the article was previously
written in French and was edited. Overall, the author makes great points and validates them with
stats and tests while going in depth with the information. The stats used can help with future
assignments due to its specificity.

"Sports Injuries." ​World of Health​, Gale, 2007. ​Science in Context​, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc

/CV2191501217/SCIC?u=elli85889&xid=22bd0b67. Accessed 9 Oct. 2017.

The article provides information on the basics of sports injuries. Children are more likely
to suffer sports injuries than adults. Children account for 40% of all sports injuries. This is
because they obtain: immature reflexes, they can’t judge or recognize risks, and aren’t very
coordinated. Some of the most common sports injuries are: bruises, shin splints, sprains, and
fractures. A severe concussion can affect: balance, coordination, hearing, memory and vision.
Dizziness, nausea, and headaches may occur as well. Symptoms of regular injuries can range
from: swelling, weakness, and pain. Surgery, X-rays, or tests may need to be taken if a one gets
seriously hurt. Treatment for minor injuries are ice, rest, and bandages. If an athlete is in shape
and knows the rules of the game while wearing protective equipment, the risks of getting hurt
reduce significantly.
The article provides statistics that can be used in future research. It also provided many
lists that were easy to follow and navigate through. For example, the lists usually mentioned
symptoms, stats, concussion tests, examinations, treatments, and safety plans. The article was
successful in getting the point across and going deep in the information given.

“Sports Injury.” ​Gale Student Resources in Context​, Gale, 2016.​ Student Resources in Context​,
link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/IXIZZI780155947/SUIC?u=elli85889&xid=3059cb0s.
Accessed 26 Sept. 2017.

The article’s research provided many different types of common sports injuries and ways
to prevent them. Some common types of injuries are concussions, sprains, strains, groin pulls,
hamstring strains, and ACL tears. First and foremost, the two types of sports injuries are:
traumatic and repetitive stress. A traumatic sports injury occurs when a sudden force or burn is
applied to a body part, which causes serious medical attention. A repetitive-stress injury happens
to athletes with a repeated strain on a body part causing the athlete to take elongated rests or
physical therapy. Unfortunately, some injuries may end in surgery or rehab. Concussions occur
with sudden jolts to the head, knocking the brain into the skull. Much rest is needed to recover.
Sprains and strains are more common but less painful depending on the injury. Groin pulls and
hamstring strains occur with rapid movement of the specific area. The anterior cruciate ligament
tears when the side of the knee is hit with a hard force. It takes a year to recover from an ACL
injury. It also might require surgery. Unlike the other injuries rest is not the only option for
healing. Many injuries end playing careers for pro athletes. Which is why resting, exercising, and
wearing appropriate protective gear is critical for athlete safety and the prevention of injuries.
The article covers a wide range of information. It jumps to many topics in an organized
manner. It is easy to find different injury types and prevention of injuries due to its organization.
The subtopics are easy to locate and the information is plentiful and precise.