Terminology:

Authoring:

Authoring is the creation of an interactive multimedia product (such as a website or a

slideshow) by using a range of different material and content. The content that might be
included in the multimedia product may be text, images, and video.

Authoring can also refer to the different software and programs that are used to create the
multimedia product. For example, images and graphics that are to be used on a website may be
created on the software Photoshop. Where afterwards, they will be saved as different HTML
codes. Other examples of authoring software are Illustrator, Dreamweaver, Flash, and Premier.

Sites:

A website is one or more web pages that are on the internet and can be found under a domain
name. Websites are published by a web server, which is a computer which is continuously
online so that the website can be viewed at any time.

Websites are used for different purposes and they contain different material. For example, a
website could be for entertainment purposes or for educational purposes. These websites are
usually for non-profit purposes. Websites can also be used by business; the website will allow
them to display products and to possibly make transactions. Websites are also used for social
media. Most if not all websites will include text, some websites may only have a small amount
of text just for the purpose of telling a user what to do. A website may also include images and
videos, and in some may also include games or animated images.

Websites are constructed using HTML and XHTML formats. These will tell the website what to
include and how to navigate around the website.

Uploading:

The term uploading refers to when one file or document is moved from one system to another
system. The information and data from the file is loaded onto another computer system that is
usually bigger. Files can also be uploaded onto the internet. A common example of this is when
someone posts a picture on a social media website. The user is transferring the data onto
another system. Uploading can also happen on a larger scale as well (bigger files can be
uploaded as well as small files).

The time in which it takes to upload a file onto the internet depends on a number of factors. It
depends on how good the user’s internet connection is and it depends on the size of the file.
The larger the file size, the longer the time it will take to upload the file. The weaker the
internet connection, the longer it will take to upload a file.

File Transferrer Protocol (FTP):

The File Transfer Protocol is a common network protocol that is used to transfer files from one
computer to another. It is used when the files are being transferred over the internet.

FTP makes it easy to transfer new web pages onto the internet. When a user connects to an FTP
account they must give certain details such as their host name, their user name, their
password, and the FTP client. However, the user can remain anonymous. There must be two
communication channels. These are between the client and the server. There is a command
channel and there is a data channel. The command channel is used for controlling the
conversation. The data channel is used for transmitting the information and the data content. A
client can request files to download from a server by initiating a conversation. By using FTP, the
user can download and upload files onto a sever. They can also edit these files and save them
into different places.

Web Page:

Web Page Construction:

Web pages are constructed in different ways. A HTML code can be created from scratched and
written into a coding software such as Dreamweaver. XHTML codes and CSS codes can also be
used. These are all very similar markup languages. However, there are differences that make
them useful for different purposes.

HTML is one of the most common markup languages since it is fairly simple to use compared to
other markup languages. For example, the XHTML is much more strict. If a tag is not closed or it
has not been nested properly, then that feature will not work. Whereas with HTML, a missed
off closing tag will usually have no effect on the feature that is being included in the website.

CSS will allow a web designer to change the format of the website. For example, by using CSS,
they would be able to change the positioning, the colour, the font, and the size of the text that
is included on the website. HTML and XHTML cannot do this function.

Tags are an important part of web page construction. Each tag will give a different instruction
for the features that will be included on the website. They are essentially the building blocks of
the coding of a web page.

Text:

Text is used for different things on a web page. Text is used in the headings, the sub-heading, in
the paragraphs, and text can be used for instructions that tell the user of the website as to how
they navigate the website.

Different tags will change the text.

<h1> Shows the start of a new heading, </h1> shows the end of the heading. <u> Shows the
start of an underlined piece of text, </u> shows the end of the underlined text.

By using CSS, the designer of the web page will be able to change the font, the colour, the size,
and the positioning of the text.

Example1 - Changing the colour and the positioning of the text:

p{
text-align: center;
colour: green;
}

When using HTML text is added in between a pair of tags.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>The First Heading</h1>

<p>The first paragraph</p>

</body>
</html>

Between ‘<h1>’ and ‘</h1>’, is where the heading is typed. Between ‘<p>’ and ‘</p>’, is where
the first paragraph would be typed. When there is a break in between the text the tags ‘<br>’
and ‘</br>’ are used.

Fonts:

By using CSS, the fonts can be changed. The font may have its colour changed or its size
changed.
Example 1:

In that example, the font colour and size was changed. Also, a boarder was added at the
bottom of the first heading.

When using HTML, the font can also be changed. The size of the font can be changed.

Example:

<font size="6">This text has had its size changed.</font>

Sometimes the colour can also be changed using HTML.

Example:

<font size="3" color="green">This text is now green.</font>

<font size="2" color="pink">This text is now pink.</font>
<font face="calibri" color="purple">This text is now purple.</font>

Colour:

When using CSS, the colour of the background can be changed as well as the colour of the font.

Example 1:

body {
background-color: green;
}

Example 2:

h1 {
 background-color: pink;
}

div {
background-color: purple;
}

p{
background-color: blue;

The colours can be changed by either typing in the colour (such as green), or it can be typed as
a hex colour. This is when a six-digit number is used to pick a colour. (#000000) is black.
(#FFFFFF) is white.

The colour of the font can also be changed using HTML.

Example:

h1 {
 background-color: pink;
}

div {
background-color: purple;
}

p{
background-color: blue;

Or, the hex colours can be used.

h1 {
background-color: (#000000);
}

div {
background-color: (#ff4000);
}

p{
background-color: (#ffff00);

Images:

Both HTML and CSS will allow the designer to add images to their web page.

An example of HTML:

<img src="pulpitrock.jpg" alt="Mountain View">

When an image is added on to the web page, a URL of the image is used within the code. If the
image was found off the internet, then the URL would be copied and pasted into the tag.

When using CSS, the background image can also be changed.

Example:

body {
background-image: url("img_tree.gif"), url("paper.gif");
background-color: #cccccc;
}

When the background image is changed, the images URL has to be included with in the tag.

Tables:

Tables are used o web pages to show data in a uniformed format. Both HTML and CSS will allow
a designer to add a table on to the web page. Certain aspects of the table can be changed. This
may be the border on the table, or the row lengths.

Example:

table, th, td {

Example:

table {

Both the examples are the start of the tags that are used when adding a table on to a web page.

The border can be changed as well, for example, the thickness of the borders line can be
adjusted.

Example:

table, th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
}

The lines defining the row and columns can be removed off the table.

Example:

table {
border-collapse: collapse;
}

The width and the height of the table can also be adjusted.

Example:

table {
width: 50%;
}
th {
height: 80px;
}

Hyperlinks:

A hyperlink is either text, an image, or an icon that can be clicked on to take the user to another
web page on the internet. A hyperlink is shown by being in in blue and underlined.

Hyperlinks can be added to a web page to give the web page more multimedia content and
more interactivity for the user. It can allow web pages to give the user further reading on the
subject that is within the web page. For example, if the web page was about an event in history,
the designer of the web page could add in a hyperlink to give the user of the web page more
information or more material.

An example of a hyperlink being added to a web page with HTML:

<a href=" http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/great_fire_01.shtml

/">Read more on this event in history!</a>

The URL is in blue and there is text that links to the URL in black.

Adding a hyperlink on to a web page is very similar with CSS. CSS however, will allow the
designer to change the look of the hyperlink. They may change its colour.

Example:

a{
color: blue;
}

Language and Terminology:

The language and terminology that is used on a web page will be chosen considering the target
audience. For example, if the target audience of a web page was for people under the age of
14, then the language and terminology may be less complicated that the language and
terminology that is used on a web page for people over the age of 19.

The language and the terminology that is used on a web page may also depend on its purpose.
For example, if the web page was for educational purposes, it may use relevant terminology
that is explained with simplistic language so that the reader can learn the terminology and its
meaning.
Sometimes the language and the terminology that is used on a web page is designed to draw
the reader in. For example, the personal pronoun, you, may be used on a web page of a
business. This may draw the reader on because the language used makes it seem more direct
and personal.

Update

Terminology that is associated with coding and creating webpages can include markup
language, which is the language that is used to code a web page, this language is used in
between tags that outline the different features that are on the webpage; meta tags, which is
used in HTML coding and it is a tag that contains the information and the data for the webpage;
domain name, which is a general title for the webpage/s and it will often end in ‘.com’, ‘.org’, or
‘.net’; mockup, which is a picture of the webpage that the coder can look at as they create the
webpage and they can what the end product will look like; HEX code, which is a six digit number
that is allocated for all the colours that are available, it the alternative option to typing out the
colour name; a browser, which is a software that is connected to the internet and will allow the
user to see a webpage made up of HTML.

Metadata:

The term metadata is used to describe other data. For example, metadata for an image may be
its size, its colour depth, its resolution.

Metadata is included in the HTML coding for webpages in the form of meta tags. Within the tag
there will be the data for the feature (e.g. an image).

Metadata is used so that resources can be managed. Files can be stored and indexed using
metadata because all the files information (or data) is stored with it. This means that the file
can be indexed according to the data it was made, the size of the file, and the type of file.

HTML:

Nature of HTML & XHTML:

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used to create web pages. Tags are used to
construct the web page. Each tag will be used for different aspects of the web page. For
example, a tag may be used to label font and pictures. With HTML documents, you can also
include videos, slide shows, sound, as well as other multimedia features. If a HTML is was used
in an old browser, then some features may be missed off as the browser will be unable to read
the tags. HTML will usually still work even if there are a few errors in the coding.
XHTM stands for Extensible Hypertext Markup Language. XHTM is very similar to HTML. The
main difference is that XHTML is considered harder to use since it is 'stricter'. For example, if
there is a small error with one of the tags with in the XHTML code, then that tag will not
function and so that feature will not run in the web page. XHTML is used because some devises
and browsers will not read incorrect markup language and so will not run that specific feature
or even web page. XHTML is supported by most web browsers.

Features of HTML and XHTML:

Tags are used to construct the web page. Each tag will be used for different aspects of the web
page. For example, a tag may be used to label headings and pictures. The tags will always come
in pairs. On a HTML document a tag is shown through angle brackets: '<>'. '<', is a start tag (it
can also be referred to as an opening tag), and it will be where the coding for that feature or
instruction will begin. '>', is an end tag (also known as a closing tag), and it will be used to show
the end of a particular code. An example of a simple HTML document with basic tags would be:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>The First Heading</h1>

<p>The first paragraph</p>

</body>
</html>

In the example, the text that is in black, is the text that would be seen by someone who was to
view that web page once the web page has been published.

On XHTML documents, if tag is not closed or an element is not properly nested, or there are
elements that are not in lower case, then the features do not work. However, XHTML will do
everything that HTML will do.

How to Use HTML and XHTML:

HTML is used to display the data. Whereas, XHTML is used to describe the data.

Both HTML and XHTML are very similar. However, certain techniques will not work with XHTML
whereas they will with HTML. For example, if there were some tags that where not closed, they
would probably still work when using HTML. However, since XHTML is much stricter, then tags
that are not closed will not work.

Example 1:

<html>
<head>
<title>This is a Title</title>
<body>
<h1>Even though this tag will not be closed or ended, it will still work and would still be
displayed on a web page
</body>

Example 2:

<html>
<head>
<title>This is a Title</title>
<body>
<h1>The first example would not work on XHTM. So, I must close the tag for this to featured on
the web page.</h1>
</body>

On the second example, when the closing tag was put onto the end of the text, it would be
referred to as being properly nested.

Cascading Style Sheets:

Nature of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS):

CSS is used to create and construct the format of a web page. CSS is very similar to HTML and
XHTML. CSS will allow someone to include text, pictures, videos, slide shows, hyperlinks, and
other multimedia features on a web page. However, CSS is different to HTML and XHTML is
some aspects. For example, with CSS will allow someone to control the layout, the design, and
the screen size and display for different devices (e.g. phone screens and computer screens).

An example of CCS coding:

p{
text-align: center;
colour: green;
}
In the example, the colour was selected and the positioning of the text on the page was also
selected. Using HTML or XHTML, the user would not be able to do this.

CSS can help a web designer to create a uniformed look on all the web pages that are featured
on the website. This then gives the user more control as to how the web page will look and
whet will be feature where on the web page.

Over all, the way in which the web page is coded is very similar to HTML and XHTML. For
example, they all use tags.

Features of CSS:

CSS contains many more available features than HTML and XHTML. For example, by using CSS,
the web page can include features such as different sized font, the font can be repositioned on
the web page, the colours can be changed of certain elements. These are all features that
cannot be done with HTML or XHTML.

How to Use CSS:

Using CSS is very similar to using HTML and XHML. All of them have paired tags which contain
the instructions for the features. However, by using CSS, someone designing a web page can
include more features (such as changing the size and the colour of the font.

With CSS, sometimes the start tag and the end rag is represented by these symbols: '{' and '}'.

Example 1:
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p {color: purple; }
body {background-color: #ffcccc; }
h1 {color: green; font-family:Calibri; font-style: bold;}
h2 {color: #000099; font-family:arial; font-style: italic;}
</style>
</head>
<body>

The example was of CSS.

Codes can be copied and pasted and then edited. This means that if a user likes the layout, or
the design, or the colours used, then they can copy and paste the code. Then they can edit it in
any way they like.

Example 2: