74-1 Identify what social psychologists study, and discuss how we tend to explain others’ behavior and our

own.
74-2 Explain whether what we think affects what we do, and whether what we do affects what we think.

PTR: Cruel acts shape social psychology: Focuses on peripheral route central route
a person, so do acts of power of situation, examines persuasion: persuasion:
goodwill. Changing how we think about, influence, Looks and Basic
your behavior can and relate to one another relatability that Thinking/persuasi
change how you think take over on/Judgement
about others and how EX>> How we think basically attitudes when not Ex:
you feel about paying attention Evidence/Argume
yourself. nts triggering
favorable
Fritz thoughts
Heider

attribution theory:
M74 Attitudes Affect foot in
Actions door:
Explains one’s behavior Attribution, attitudes:
Attitudes can
Progressiv
through their strangest traits ely
Attitudes, affect behavior
Actions Affect working to
Ex. Feelings affect
& Actions actions Attitudes get people
to comply
fundamental attribution error: with a
Overestimate Role: When an cognitive small
individual is given a role Role playing dissonance request to
disposition/personality as well
they become affects attitudes theory: (LEON bigger
as underestimate impact of
situation. submerged into the role FESTINGER) requests.
Our thoughts
EX> > ROLES AFFECT and
EX: Philip
BEHAVIOR/ATTITUDES beliefs/behavior
Self-Serving Zimbardo Prison Door In the Face :
s are
Bias: tendency Experiment Starting with a Big
inconsistent
to perceive POWER OF THE request to settle
when we are
oneself SITUATION with a much
uncomfortable.
favorably smaller request
 75-1 Describe automatic mimicry, and explain how conformity experiments reveal the power of social influence.
75-2 Describe what we learned about the power of social influence from Milgram’s obedience experiments.

Solomon Asch’s Line

Experiment
Most often occurs when:
conformity: Adjusting one’s - Individuals feel incompetent/ insecure
mood, behavior, and thinking - Three or more people in a group
to fit in with a group - Everyone in the group agrees
- Attractiveness of group
EX>> Standing up whenever - Being observed by a superior
everyone else stands up with - Cultural aspects
no reason - No prior Commitments to any response

M75 Stanley
normative social influence:
To avoid social rejection or
informational
social influence:
Conformity Milgram’s
Electric
Obedience
complying to gain approval To be accurate, & Shock
accepting other’s Experiment
EX>> PEOPLE GAVE INTO opinions about Obedience
ANSWERING THE WRONG reality
QUESTION BECAUSE THE
GROUP PICKED IT AS WELL EX: You Most Often occurs when:
will be less - Person giving orders was close &
happy legitimate authority figure
Mood Linkage:
around - Authority has high prestige/
Automatic EX: Crossing Tendency to share
people who credentials
Mimicry: arms the prevailing
are - Victim was depersonalized or at a
(Chameleon unknowingly mood of people
depressed distance
Affect) Tendency when around you
someone else - No role models for defiance.
to unconsciously
imitate others’ does
expressions,
posture, voice
tones.
 76-1 Describe how our behavior is affected by the presence of others.
76-2 Explain group polarization and groupthink, and discuss the power of the individual.
76-3 Describe how behavior is influenced by cultural norms.
social facilitation: EX>> Student
Can either improve or section cheers on
Stronger responses on simple impair an individual
or well learned task in front of athlete only for him
depending on their to pass out from
others skill level on the task being too nervous

Power of the Individuals culture:

social loafing:
Tendency for people in a group to exert Behaviors, ideas,
less efforts than they would alone attitudes , values, and
EX>> Men in Individualistic Culture traditions shared by a
group and passed down
by generations

Deindividuation: (Delete the person)

M76
Cultural
Loss of self awareness/ restraint Group Influences
that can occur in group settings
EX>> not having a voice when in Behavior
a group setting
Variation Over Variation
group polarization: Enhancement
Time Across Cultures
Of group’s idea and discussion

EX>> THE INTERNET

Groupthink: Mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for norms:
harmony in a decision making group override a realistic Rules for accepted/ expected
appraisal of alternatives behavior.
EX>> saying bless you when
EX>> PENN State coach got covered up for sexually someone sneezes
assaulting children because it maintained the peace
 other race effect:
77-1 Define prejudice, and identify its social and emotional roots. Tendency to recall faces
77-2 Identify the cognitive roots of prejudice. of one’s race rather than
Remembering other races.
OVERT vivid cases
Prejudice Affects how others EX>> VIDEO EX>>”They all look like
FOOTAGE OF Cognitive me”
waning And judge and decide
9/11 roots of
SUBTLE Ex>> 5 Police Officers
prejudice
Prejudice kill innocent man who
lingers looked suspiscious
Cognitive
Believing
roots of
How prejudiced are world is just
Automatic prejudice prejudice
people? outgroup:
Those you don’t
identify with
Prejudice: (ATTITUDE) (Them)
(Pre-judgement) M77 Ex>>
Typically negative/ unjustified Teachers/Adults
attitude toward anybody Prejudice &
EX>> Ethnocentrism (best race) Social roots
Us & Them
Discrimination of prejudice

stereotypes: Discrimination: Social ingroup:

Overgeneralized beli- (BEHAVIOR) inequalities Those we Identify
ef about a particular Driven Stereotypical Emotional with (us)
anybody Beliefs combine w/ roots of EX>> H.S. Student
just world
EX>>Asians Can’t prejudice attitude/ prejudice
phenomenon:
Drive emotion People on both sides
Ex: Fear/Hostility of power/ wealth
scapegoat theory: Ingroup bias:
sphere believe that
Prejudice offers an Favoring your
IMPLICIT BIAS: (Non-conscious) people get what
outlet for anger own group
Grey area between Violence and Accident they deserve and
through blame
Hindsight Bias: deserve what they
EX>> The Holocaust
Seeing the situation as predictable, not having receive
an objective basis for predicting it. DIVISION
 78-1 Explain how psychology’s definition of aggression differs from everyday usage, and identify the biological factors that
makes us more prone to hurt one another.
78-2 Outline psychological and social-cultural triggers of aggression.
EX: Identical
twins > Fraternal
EX>> Hundreds social script:
Twins & Men > of studies shown Culturally
Women evidence for Video Games modeled guide for
those who play how to act in
violent video various situations.
games have
heightened Media Models For EX>> Wearing
Genetic aggression Violence Hijab in public

EX>> Psychological &

Diminished Neural Biology of M78 Social-Cultural Aversive Events
activity in Aggression
the frontal Aggression Factors
lobe which
controls Biochemical
impulses frustration
Reinforcement & aggression
EX>> Alcohol, Modeling principle:
testosterone, facial hair Idea that
width people
become
aggression: aggressive
EX>>
Behavior intended to hurt/destroy someone, when they
Absent Father=
something, or even yourself. (Verbally, Mentally, are blocked
higher
Physically) from
incarceration
reaching
rate// Trial and
EX>> Man viciously slaughters 20 cows for fun. their goal.
error

ADVERSIVE EVENTS
 79-1 Explain why we befriend or fall in love with some people but not others. FORMULA Self
79-2 Describe how romantic love typically changes as time passes. disclosing intimacy +
Equity: Both people in mutually supportive
relationship giving an equal equity + positive
amount of effort/ resources support= Long lasting
mere exposure effect: EX>> Mom pays for the house,
Repeated exposure relationship
meanwhile dad pays for
increases chances of appliances and food
“Liking”
EX>> Proximity or self disclosure:
Geographic Nearness Revealing intimate
companionate love:
Deep affectionate aspects of oneself
attachment (passion to others.
Online hormones changes to EX>> Confiding in
dating/speed Proximity trust, feel calm) someone else
dating

Physical Psychology of M79 Romantic Love

Emotions :
Attractiveness Attraction Physical
Attraction arousal +
cognitive
Similarity
appraisal (
- 1st Impression passionate love:
“More Alike--The longer the Labeling)
- Healthier, happier, Intense positive,
relationship” absorption in another
more sensitive, more
successful, and more (usually present at the
sociable beginning of a love
- Men look for relationship)
Young/Fertile women EX>> Honey moon
- Women look for Stage
mature, dominant,
and rich 2 factor
- AVERAGE IS theory of
ATTRACTIVE emotion
 80-1 Identify the times when people are most and least likely to help.
80-2 Discuss how social exchange theory and social norms explain helping behavior.
80-3 Explain how social traps and mirror-image perceptions fuel social conflict.
80-4 Discuss how we can transform feelings of prejudice, aggression, and conflict into attitudes that promote peace.

bystander effect: mirror-image self-fulfilling prophecies:

Tendency for perceptions: Enemy A belief that leads to its
bystander to be Mutual views of Perceptions own fulfillment.
less likely to give conflicting party, usually EX>>”I Knew it”
aid if other sees self as good and
bystanders are other as evil.
social traps: Conflicting
present. parties become caught
Bystander Conflict: Perceived Elements of in mutually destructive
Intervention incompatibility of Conflict behavior
actions, goals, or ideas
WEAKENS
INSTINCT OF
ALTRUISM
Altruism:
Selfless/Self-giving
M80 Conflict &
regard for Altruism, Peacemaking
reciprocity norm: well-being of others.
When you help, Conflict, Communication
you expect those
you help will help Peacemaking Promoting
you in return. Peace
EX>>If the The Norms Cooperation
social responsibility
person you help For Helping
norm: Help those who
looks rich Conciliation Contact
need our help.
EX>>Human superordinate goals:
Obligation Shared goals that
social exchange theory:
override differences
Self interest, maximize
GRIT:: (Graduated and amongst people and
rewards and minimize
reciprocated initiatives in require cooperation
costs. (cost benefit
tension-reduction) A Ex>> USA & Soviet
analysis)
strategy used to Union come together
decrease international to fight Germany..
BENEFITS-COSTS=OUTCOME
tensions
Contributors (4) Terms & Concepts (47)
● Philip Zimbardo ● Social Psychology
● Leon Festinger ● Attribution Theory
● Solomon Asch ● Fundamental Attribution Error
● Stanley Milgram ● Attitude
● Peripheral Route Persuasion
● Central Route Persuasion
● Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon
● Role
● Cognitive Dissonance Theory
● Conformity
● Normative Social Influence
● Informational Social Influence
● Social Facilitation
● Social Loafing
● Deindividuation
● Group Polarization
● Groupthink
● Culture
● Norm
● Prejudice
● Stereotype
● Discrimination
● Just-World Phenomenon
● Ingroup
● Outgroup
● Ingroup bias
● Scapegoat Theory
● Other-Race Effect
● Aggression
● Frustration-Aggression Principle
● Social Script
● Mere Exposure Effect
● Passionate love
● Companionate Love
● Equity
● Self-Disclosure
● Altruism
● Bystander Effect
● Social Exchange Theory
● Reciprocity norm
● Social- Responsibility Norm
● Conflict
● Social Trap
● Mirror-Image Perceptions
● Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
● Superordinate Goals
● GRIT