Electronic Eyes

SHRI A.D.K.
MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
MINOR PROJECT REPORT
2017-18
CONTENT
 Aim
 Introduction
 Circuit diagram
 Components used
 Components Description
 Circuit description
 Working of circuit
 Mounting the components
 Precautions
 Conclusion
SHRI A.D.K.MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA
2017-18
AIM
To show the working of
“Electronic Eye”
2017-18
INTRODUCTION
Electronic eye will give you a chance to have a bit of privacy. It will
give you a warning sound before you open the door, so that you are able
to avoid an embarrassing position. It is a very useful device to house
hold ladies and older person. Now a days there are lot of incidents that
are taking place where stranger have looted the old ladies.
2017-18
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
2017-18
COMPONENTS USED
RESISTOR
R-1-------100K
R-2-------330K
CAPACITORS
C-1-------010pf
TRANSISTORS
T-1-------PNP
T-2-------NPN
SPEAKER
8 Ohms Radio Type
BATTERY
1.5*2=3VD.C
WIRE
4 Colours
LIGHT SENSOR
2017-18
Resistor
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that

implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.
The current through a resistor is in direct proportion to

the voltage across the resistor's terminals. This relationship is
represented by Ohm's law:
where I is the current through the conductor in units

of amperes, V is the potential difference measured across the
conductor in units of volts, and R is the resistance of the
conductor in units of ohms.
2017-18
Transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and

switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed
of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for
connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to
one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current
through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled
(output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power,
a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are
packaged individually, but many more are found
embedded in integrated circuits.The transistor is the

fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and
is ubiquitous in modern electronic systems.
2017-18
Capacitors
A capacitor is a two-terminal, electrical component. Along

with resistors and inductors, they are one of the most
fundamental passive components we use. You would have
to look very hard to find a circuit which didn’t have a
capacitor in it.
What makes capacitors special is their ability to store
energy; they’re like a fully charged electric battery. Caps,
as we usually refer to them, have all sorts of critical
applications in circuits. Common applications include local
energy storage, voltage spike suppression, and complex
signal filtering.
2017-18
Speaker
Speakers are one of the most common output devices used with
computer systems. Some speakers are designed to work
specifically with computers, while others can be hooked up to
any type of sound system. Regardless of their design, the
purpose of speakers is to produce audio output that can be heard
by the listener.
Speakers are transducers that convert electromagnetic waves

into sound waves. The speakers receive audio input from a
device such as a computer or an audio receiver.
2017-18
Battery
AA batteries are common in portable electronic devices.

An AA battery is composed of a single electrochemical
cell that may be either a primary battery (disposable) or a
rechargeable battery. The exact terminal voltage and
capacity of an AA size battery depend on cell chemistry;
however, devices designed for AA will usually only take
1.5 V unless specified by the manufacturer.
2017-18
Wire
A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible

strand or rod of metal. Wires are used to bear
mechanical loads or electricity and
telecommunications signals. Wire is commonly
formed by drawing the metal through a hole in
a die or draw plate.
2017-18
Light Sensor
Light Sensor is something that a robot can use to detect

the current ambient light level - i.e. how bright/dark it is.
There are a range of different types of light sensors,
including 'Photo resistors', 'Photodiodes', and
'Phototransistors'.
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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
Fix the LDR to the wooden door or a locker to be protected in

such a manner that when anybody tries to open it a light falls on
the LDR and the circuit gets activated and produces a pleasant
sound through the speaker.
The LDR offers low resistance in dim light and high resistance
in intense light. Thus whenever any object casts a shadow on
the LDR its resistance decreases rapidly and the alarm is
activated. As soon as the shadow is removed and light is
allowed to fall on the LDR. Its resistance becomes very high
and it behaves as an open circuit.
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PRECAUTION
 Draw the circuit diagram carefully.
 The track of the circuit diagram should be right and
proper.
 All components should be checked before use.
 Component should be connected right & tight.
 Soldering should right or soldering of component
should be proper.
2017-18
WORKING OF CIRCUIT
The Dragon eye is the circuit in which the two LEDs are used
and the LEDs glow together. When the 3v supply is given to the
circuit the resistor 340kΩ is used and the capacitor 1µf is used
in the circuit. In this circuit both transistor works as switching
device. In this circuit when be applied the 3v DC then the
capacitor start charging. And when capacitor become fully
charged then the proper the current at transistor BC 148 occur
and transistor BC148 output at collector become high so
transistor BC 158 also trigger and provide high output at
collector both LEDs glows simultaneously. Note that capacitor
became charged through resistor 340 kΩ.
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CONCLUSION
Project making is very important for technical student.
With this, we as a technical student utilized our technical
knowledge in industry. This is very helpful for our future
technical development.
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MOUNTING THE
COMPONENTS
After, mounting process we do the process of
soldering.
In this process we used –
a > Soldering iron
b > soldering wire
c > Flux
Now, ready for work our PCB.
2017-18

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SHRI A.D.K.

MAHILA POLYTECHNIC, MATHURA

 Mounting the components

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that

The current through a resistor is in direct proportion to

where I is the current through the conductor in units

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and

embedded in integrated circuits.The transistor is the

A capacitor is a two-terminal, electrical component. Along

Speakers are transducers that convert electromagnetic waves

AA batteries are common in portable electronic devices.

A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, flexible

Light Sensor is something that a robot can use to detect

Fix the LDR to the wooden door or a locker to be protected in

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