STUDY QUESTIONS

Endocrine System
Answers are provided below each question

1. The hormone primarily responsible for setting the basal metabolic rate and
for promoting the maturation of the brain is:

A. cortisol
B. ACTH
C. TSH
D. thyroxine
E. none of the preceding.

2. Many nonsteroid hormones act upon their target cells by causing:

A. cyclic AMP to become ATP

B. the inactivation of adenylate cyclase
C. cyclic AMP to become protein kineses
D. the activation of adenylate cyclase
E. both A and D apply.

3. Which of the following would result from a thyroidectomy (removal of the

thyroid gland)?

A. decreased TSH secretion

B. increased T3 and thyroxine secretion
C. increased calcitonin secretion
D. increased TSH secretion
E. both B and C apply.

4. Steroid hormones are secreted by:

A. the adrenal cortex

B. the gonads
C. the thyroid
D. both A and
B E. both B and C.

5. The secretion of which hormone would be increased in a person with

endemic goiter?

A. TSH.
B. thyroxine
C. triiodothyronine;
D. all of the preceding apply

6. Which of the following hormone pairs is not produced by the same

endocrine gland?

A. LH/FSH
B. ACTH/ADH
C. prolactin/GH
D. CRH/PIH.
E. all of the preceding are correctly paired.

7. Oxytocin:

A. allows milk secretion or "milk let-down"

B. is stored in the pars nervosa (posterior pituitary)
C. is produced by cells in the diencephalon (hypothalamus)
D. exerts important effects during childbirth
E. all of the above.

MATCHING.( Items A through E may be used more than once.)

A. Hypothalamus
B. hypophysis
C. adrenal
D. thyroid E. parathyroid.

8. Located in the sella turcica of the spheroid bone B

9. Contains groups of cell bodies called nuclei A
10. Located on the superior border of each kidney C
11. Contains two structures: adeno- and neurohypophysis B
12. Located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland E
13. Contains an outer cortical region and an inner medullary region C
14. Located inferior to the larynx D
15. Contains chromaffin cells which produce catecholamines C
16. Produces releasing and inhibiting hormones A
17. Produces calcitonin D
18. Contains oxyphil and chief cells E
19. It secretes some androgens C
20. Contains chromophil and chromophobe cells.A

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the best answer.

21. A tumor of the beta cells of the pancreatic islets would probably affect
the body's ability to:

A. lower blood glucose level

B. lower blood calcium level
C. raise blood calcium level
D. raise blood glucose level
E. raise blood sodium level.

22. Removal of the adenohypophysis would affect all except:

A. adrenal cortex
B. adrenal medulla
C. ovaries
D. mammary glands
E. thyroid gland.

23. Which hormone stimulated the production of erythrocytes in myeloid

tissues?

A. GH
B. progesterone
C. ICSH
D. ADH
E. none of the preceding.

MATCHING.

A. Cushing's syndrome
B. cretinism
C. myxedema
D. Endemic goiter
E. Addison's disease

24. Hyposecretion of thyroxine in adult D

25. Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids E
26. Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids A
27. Lack of iodine D
28. Hyposecretion of thyroxine during childhood.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

29. The endocrine system:

a) releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout
the body
b) releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many
different tissues and organs
c) produces effects that can last for hours, days, or even longer
d) can alter gene activity of cells
e) all of the above

30. Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative

EXCEPT:
a) epinephrine
b) melatonin
c) thyroxine (T4)
d) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
e) norepinephrine
31. When adenyl cyclase is activated:
a) cAMP is formed
b) cAMP is broken
c) G-proteins bind to cAMP
d) steroid hormones enter the cell

32. Which of the following hormones does NOTact by a second

messenger system:
a) glucagon
b) epinephrine
c) growth hormone
d) testosterone
e) ACTH

33. This hypophyseal structure receives signals from the hypothalamus

via the hypophyseal portal vein:
a) follicles
b) adenohypophysis
c) neurohypophysis
d) pars intermedia
e) supraoptic nucleus

34. Low blood glucose level typically results in the secretion of all of
the following EXCEPT:
a) glucagon
b) thyroxine (T4)
c) hGH
d) PTH
e) none of the above

35. The action of glucocorticoids involves many functions, but only one
of the following is a correct one:
 a) increases inflammatory responses
b) decreases lipid hydrolysis (lipolysis)
c) increases glucose levels
d) retention of electrolytes by the kidneys
e) increases osteoclast activity

36. This hormone acts on the intestines and causes increased calcium
absorption:
a) calcitonin
b) calcitriol
c) thyroxine
d) pancreatic polypeptide
e) corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)

37. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) causes all of the following

EXCEPT:
a) activation of thyroid follicular cells
b) increased iodide trapping in thyroid follicles
c) increased thyroglobulin synthesis
d) increased release of T3/ T4
e) all of above are correct

38. The pancreatic cells that secrete insulin are the:

a) F-cells
b) principal cells
c) alpha cells
d) beta cells
e) delta cells

39. The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is activated by the:

a) hypothalamus
b) adrenal gland
c) pituitary gland
d) thyroid gland
 e) release of glucocorticoids

40. If you were to eat four sugar glaze doughnuts and a large pepsi,
which hormone would you expect to be secreted at higher levels:
a) insulin
b) epinephrine
c) glucagon
d) cortisol
e) oxytocin

41. Somatostatin is secreted by the:

a) pancreatic F-cells
b) pancreatic delta cells
c) zona fasciculata
d) parafollicular cells
e) posterior pituitary

42. Hyposecretion of cortisol can cause:

a) cretinism
b) diabetes mellitus
c) diabetes insipidus
d) Addison’s disease
e) Grave’s disease

43. A tumor in the adrenal zona glomerulosa can cause hypersecretion

of hormones produced in that region. Which of the following might you
expect to find in a patient with such a tumor:
a) increased blood sodium levels
b) increased blood glucose levels
c) decreased blood calcium levels
d) increased dehydration
e) increased ketoacidosis
44. Oxytocin is secreted by the:
a) adenohypophysis
b) neurohypophysis
c) zona glomerulosa
d) pars intermedia
e) cervix
You can do in an in the in and the in the in the in the in the long and in
45. A lack of or decrease in insulin hormone receptors on cells can
result in:
a) diabetes insipidus
b) type I diabetes mellitus
c) type II diabetes mellitus
d) insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
e) juvenile diabetes

46. Vasopressin is the same hormone as:

a) cortisol
b) epinephrine
c) ADH
d) hGH
e) oxytocin

47. The general adaptation syndrome (GAS):

a) is a mechanism to maintain homeostasis under stress
b) resets the levels of controlled conditions in the body in response to
stress
c) is a part of the sympathetic (fight or flight) response
d) reduces the amounts of stress your body encounters
e) none of the above

48. Which of the following characteristics is the same for the nervous
and endocrine systems:
a) target cells affected
b) time to onset of actions
c) duration of actions
 d) mechanism of signalling and communication
e) none of the above

49. The endocrine system:

a. Releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution
throughout the body
b. Releases hormones that can alter the metabolic activities of many
different tissues and organs
c. Produces effects that can last for hours, days, or even longer
d. Can alter the gene activity of cells
e. All of the above
50. Each of the following is an amino acid derivative EXCEPT:
a. Epinephrine
b. Melatonin
c. Thyroxine
d. TSH
51. When adenyl cyclase is activated:
a. cAMP is formed
b. cAMP is degraded
c. G proteins are replicated in a semiconservative fashion
d. Steroid hormones enter the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis
e. None of the above
52. Which of the following hormones does not act via a second
messenger system?
a. Glucagon
b. Epinephrine
c. GH
d. Testosterone
e. ACTH
53. What hypophyseal structure receives signals from the
hypothalamus via the hypophyseal portal system?
a. Follicular medulla
b. Adenohypophysis
c. Neurohypophysis
d. Pars intermedia
e. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
54. Low blood glucose typically results in the secretion of all of the
following EXCEPT:
a. Glucagon
b. Thyroxine
c. hGH
d. PTH
e. 3 of the above
55. Which of the following is a function of glucocorticoids?
a. Increased inflammatory response
b. Increased blood [glucose]
c. Decreased lipolysis
d. Increased creatinine hydrolysis by osteocytes
e. Increased osteoclast activity
56. What hormone increases intestinal calcium absorption?
a. Calcitriol
b. Calcitonin
c. Parathormone
d. Pancreatic polypeptide
e. GnRH
57. Which of the following is a function of TSH?
a. Activation of thyroid follicular cells
b. Increase of iodine trapping in follicular cells
c. Increased thyroglobulin synthesis
d. Increased release of T3
e. Increase release of T4
f. All of the above
g. Only 4 of the above
58. The ______ cells of the pancreas secrete insulin.
a. F
b. Chief
c. Principal
d. Alpha
e. Beta
f. Delta
59. The general adaptation syndrome is activated by the:
a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenal gland
c. Pituitary gland
 d. Thyroid gland
e. Epinephrine release
60. Say you ate 25 sugar cubes and then drank a liter of Mountain
Dew, which hormone might be secreted in large amounts as a result?
a. Insulin
b. Glucagon
c. Prolactin
d. GnRH
e. Somastinin
61. Somatostatin is secreted by the:
a. Pancreatic F cells
b. Pancreatic delta cells
c. Zona fasciculata
d. Parafollicular cells
e. Bronchial clara cells
62. A tumor in the adrenal zona glomerulosa may cause hypersecretion
of the hormones in that region. Which of the following might you expect
to find in a patient with such a tumor?
a. Increased blood sodium levels
b. Increased blood glucose levels
c. Decreased blood calcium levels
d. Increased dehydration
e. Increased ketoacidosis
63. Oxytocin is secreted by the:
a. Adenohypophysis
b. Neurohypophysis
c. Zona glomerulosa
d. Pars intermedia
e. Cervical stretch receptors
64. A lack or decrease in insulin hormone receptors on cells can result
in:
a. Diabetes insipidus
b. Type I diabetes mellitus
c. Type II diabetes mellitus
d. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
e. Gestational diabetes
65. Vasopressin is the same hormone as ____________.
66. The general adaptation syndrome:
 a. Is a mechanism to maintain homeostasis when under stress
b. Resets the levels of controlled conditions in the body in response
to stress
c. Is part of the sympathetic response
d. Reduces the amount of stress encountered
e. None of the above
67. Which of the following characteristics is the same for the nervous
and the endocrine systems
a. Target cells affected
b. Latent period for onset of actions
c. Duration of actions
d. Mechanism of signalling
e. None of the above
68. Hyposecretion of cortisol can cause:
a. Cretinism
b. Diabetes mellitus
c. Diabetes insipidus
d. Addison's disease
e. Grave's disease
69. During hyperglycemia, pituitary GH secretion will
__________________.
70. As blood [somatomedin] increases, pituitary GH secretion will
_______________.
71. As GH secretion increases, liver glycogenolysis will _______________.
72. As GH secretion decreases, fat catabolism will ______________.
73. As thyroid hormone levels increase, tissue O2 consumption will
_____________.
74. As thyroid hormone levels increase, pituitary TSH secretion will
______________.
75. As hypernatremia progresses, cortisol secretion will
__________________.
76. As hypoxia progresses, cortisol secretion will _________________.
77. As cortisol secretion increases, blood [glucose] will
_________________.
78. As cortisol secretion increases, protein anabolism will
_______________.
79. As PTH levels increase, plasma [Ca2+] will ________________.
80. As plasma [Ca2+] increases, calcitonin secretion will ___________.
 81. Stress causes the adrenal medulla to release:
a. Norepinephrine and ANP
b. Epinephrine and vasopressin
c. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and vasopressin

82) The two systems that act to control all body activities are the nervous and _____
systems.
A)circulatory
B)exocrine
C)endocrine
D)muscular

83) The _____ system includes the glands that release their secretions directly into the
blood.
A)exocrine
B)endocrine
C)circulatory
D)excretory

84) Which of the following glands does not belong to the endocrine system?
A)pituitary
B)thyroid
C)parathyroid
D)salivary

85) Which of the following is not a chemical class of hormones?

A)protein
B)steroid
C)glycoprotein
D)carbohydrate

86) Which of these is not a steroid?

A)adrenalin
B)cholesterol
C)progesterone
D)cortisone
87) Which of the following is the precursor that will result in the synthesis of the others?
A)testosterone
B)cholesterol
C)vitamin D
D)estrogen

88) Which of these is not produced by the anterior pituitary?

A)ACTH
B)follicle-stimulating hormone
C)somatostatin
D)somatotropin

89) Which of the following is not a pancreatic hormone?

A)glucagon
B)aldosterone
C)insulin
D)somatostatin

90) Which of the following is not a hormone function?

A)increase cellular oxygen consumption
B)cause osteoblasts to divide
C)convert fibroblasts to osteoblasts
D)alter genetic expression

91) Prostaglandins are _____ that affect various functions.

A)proteins
B)carbohydrates
C)nucleotides
D)lipids

92) Which factor is a direct cause of the rheumatoid arthritis symptoms?

A)prostaglandin
B)cortisone
C)cortisol
D)arachidonic acid
93) Which of the following is not a property of prostaglandins?
A)regulate blood pressure
B)effect reproductive functions
C)influence kidney Na+ movement
D)all of these are functions

94) Which of these is an example of negative feedback?

A)insulin lowers blood sugar
B)GH causes osteoblast division
C)PTH raises blood calcium levels
D)low blood sugar inhibits insulin

95) Releasing hormones are produced by the _____.

A)hypothalamus
B)pituitary
C)thyroid
D)adrenal cortex

96) Which hormone controls the ability to produce milk?

A)ACTH
B)PRL
C)FSH
D)melanocyte

97) Which of the following directly influences or controls the other areas?
A)anterior pituitary
B)thyroid gland
C)hypothalamus
D)ovary and testis

98) Which of the following directly stimulates mitosis?

A)insulin
B)somatotropin
C)corticotropin
D)growth hormone releasing hormone
99) The condition called _____ occurs in adulthood and is evidenced by thickened skull
bones and distortions in the arms and hands.
A)dwarfism
B)giantism
C)myxedema
D)acromegaly

100) The hormone _____ causes the breast to increase its synthesis of milk.
A)PRL
B)oxytocin
C)PRF
D)PIF

101) Which of the following is not produced by the pituitary?

A)ACTH
B)FSH
C)ICSH
D)GnRH

102) Which hormone decreases the production of urine?

A)ADH
B)adrenalin
C)oxytocin
D)thyroxine

103) Oxytocin is most closely related chemically to _____.

A)antidiuretic hormone
B)prolactin
C)follicle stimulating hormone
D)luteinizing hormone

104) ADH has the ability to increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels and is
therefore also called _____.
A)oxytocin
B)vasopressin
C)angiotensin
D)adrenocorticotropin
105) Which hormone plays the greatest role in the contractions that occur in the uterus
during labor?
A)ADH
B)estrogen
C)oxytocin
D)prostaglandin

106) Which hormone is most closely involved with ovulation?

A)prolactin
B)LH
C)FSH
D)estrogen

107) Which hormone exerts the greatest influence on metabolism?

A)thyroxine
B)cortisone
C)insulin
D)parathormone

108) Which of the following is not true of thyroxine?

A)needed for normal mental growth
B)increases carbohydrate utilization
C)decreases lipid synthesis
D)decreases protein synthesis

109) Which of the following is not true of calcitonin?

A)increases bone calcium deposition
B)increases blood calcium
C)decreases blood calcium
D)inhibits osteoclasts

110) Which of the following is not a symptom of hyperthyroidism?

A)loss of weight
B)increased mental awareness
C)increased heart rate
D)increased ability to sleep
111) Graves disease can cause all of these except which one?
A)exophthalmos
B)a positive autoimmune test
C)general edema
D)intolerance to heat

112) Which gland is assessed by the use of radioactive iodine?

A)parathyroid
B)thyroid
C)ovary
D)pituitary

113) The ______ directly antagonizes the effect of calcitonin.

A)thyroxine
B)parathormone
C)insulin
D)glucocorticoid

114) Osteoporosis most likely results from _____.

A)a deficiency of dietary calcium
B)increased calcitonin levels
C)increased PTH secretion
D)osteitis fibrosa

115) Which of the following is the last step in the sequence of hormone synthesis in the
adrenal medulla?
A)tyrosine
B)dopamine
C)epinephrine
D)norepinephrine

116) Which of the following is not true of aldosterone?

A)secreted from the zona glomerulosa
B)decreases blood Na+ levels
C)stimulated by angiotensin II
D)raises blood volume
117) Which of these is not true of cortisol?
A)stimulates gluconeogenesis
B)decreases blood glucose
C)decreases protein synthesis
D)stimulated by ACTH

118) The following relate to Cushing's syndrome except which one?

A)moon face and buffalo hump
B)under-secretion of ACTH
C)over-secretion of ACTH
D)hyperglycemia

119) The following are true of insulin except which one?

A)can cause hypoglycemia
B)can cause hyperglycemia
C)produced in the islets of Langerhans
D)antagonized by glucagon

120) The hormone melatonin is secreted from the _____ gland.

A)pituitary
B)pineal
C)thyroid
D)thymus

121) The _____ gland is important for producing immunity.

A)thyroid
B)pituitary
C)thymus
D)pancreas

122) Which gland produces a hormone that stimulates the production of blood cells?
A)kidney
B)heart
C)liver
D)pancreas
123) In the general stress syndrome, all of the following are increased except which one?
A)blood sugar
B)heart rate
C)blood pressure
D)digestion

124) Where are the posterior pituitary hormones manufactured?

A)in neurosecretory cells that originate in the hypothalamus
B)in the posterior pituitary
C)in the anterior pituitary
D)in the brain stem

125) Which one of these anterior pituitary hormones shows increased secretion in
response to stress?
A)thyroid-stimulating hormone
B)adrenocorticotropic hormone
C)luteinizing hormone
D)prolactin

126) Drinking alcoholic beverages on hot days is not safe because alcohol inhibits the
release of ____________ which normally helps to conserve water during dehydration.
A)antidiuretic hormone
B)oxytocin
C)thyroxine
D)triiodothyronine

127) The thyroid hormones are responsible for regulating metabolic rate and calcium and
phosphate ion concentration in the blood. Which thyroid hormone lowers calcium and
phosphate ion concentration in the blood?
A)thyroxine
B)triiodothyronine
C)calcitonin
D)thyroid-stimulating hormone

128) Hypothyroidism in infants can result in _______________.

 A)Grave's disease
B)cretinism
C)Hashimoto's disease
D)myxedema

129) The hormone _______________, which is secreted by the adrenal _______________,

causes the kidney to conserve sodium and excrete potassium ions and indirectly helps to
maintain systemic blood pressure.
A)aldosterone; cortex
B)angiotensin I; medulla
C)cortisol; cortex
D)epinephrine; medulla

130) Sex hormones are secreted by ________________.

A)all endocrine tissues of the body
B)the inner cortex of the adrenal gland
C)the inner cortex of the adrenal gland and the gonads
D)the gonads

131) In the pancreas, ______________ cells secrete insulin, which ____________ blood
levels of glucose.
A)delta; raises
B)alpha; lowers
C)beta; raises
D)beta; lowers

132) What seems to be the cause of juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

(IDDM)?
A)The receptors on the target cells become no longer responsive to insulin.
B)Immune cells attack the pancreas that can then no longer produce insulin.
C)The individual consumes too much sugar, which causes an overload in the
bloodstream.
D)Obesity seems to be the most common cause of IDDM.

133) The endocrine gland responsible for the body's circadian rhythm is the
______________ gland.
A)thymus
B)pineal
 C)parathyroid
D)pituitary

134) Which of these is not an endocrine property?

A)hormones reach targets through the blood
B)effects are slow and cyclic
C)rapid acting effects
D)effects caused by chemicals

135) Which of these is not an endocrine gland?

A)pancreas
B)testes
C)salivary gland
D)parathyroid

136) Which is not a function of the hypothalamus?

A)affect heart rate
B)control temperature
C)affect water balance
D)secrete FSH

137) Which of these hormones is released into the blood from the posterior pituitary?
A)FSH
B)LH
C)ACTH
D)ADH

138) Which hormone directly affects blood pressure?

A)ADH
B)insulin
C)PTH
D)ACTH

139) The hormone _____ causes the contractions of labor.

A)prolactin
B)estrogen
C)oxytocin
 D)progesterone

140) Which hormone has the greatest influence on the ability to produce milk?
A)oxytocin
B)estrogen
C)prolactin
D)progesterone

141) Which hormone causes excessive skeletal growth or giantism?

A)somatotropin
B)testosterone
C)insulin
D)somatostatin

142) Which of these does not directly stimulate the gonads?

A)FSH
B)TSH
C)LH
D)ICSH

143) Which hormone has the greatest effect on metabolism?

A)GH
B)thyroxine
C)TSH
D)ACTH

144) The cells that are stimulated by hormones are referred to as its receptors.
A)True
B) False

145) An organ can belong to the digestive and endocrine systems simultaneously.
A)True
B) False

146) Hormones secreted by the adrenal gland can have direct neurological effects.
 A)True
B) False

147) Oxytocin is a protein secreted by the posterior pituitary.

A)True
B) False

148) Prostaglandins are considered hormones, which are stored within cells and released
on demand.
A)True
B) False

149) Prostaglandins are known to cause the smooth muscle of the uterus or intestines to
contract.
A)True
B) False

150) The levels of insulin in the blood are maintained at constant, stable, homeostatic
levels.
A)True
B) False

151) The pituitary and adrenal gland can be controlled by the direct influence of the
nervous system.
A)True
B) False

152) As blood levels of thyroid hormones increase, the secretions of TRH and TSH are
reduced.
A)True
B) False

153) Alcohol is known to be a potent anti-antidiuretic.

A)True
B) False
154) The hypothalamus of the brain has osmoreceptors, which are sensitive to changes in
blood concentration.
A)True
B) False

155) Diabetes insipidus is a condition that results in edema and swelling because of an
excess of ADH.
A)True
B) False

156) Cretinism is a condition of physical and mental retardation that is the result of a
deficiency of thyroxine.
A)True
B) False

157) It is possible to have high levels of TSH but a decrease in the levels of thyroxine.
A)True
B) False

158) Thyroxine production can be increased by TSH or antibodies.

A)True
B) False

159) Male sex hormones can be produced by the testes or adrenal glands.
A)True
B) False

160) Cortisone can either cause or inhibit inflammation.

A)True
B) False

161) The pancreas is an endocrine and exocrine gland that secretes insulin from the alpha
cells.
A)True
B) False

162) It is possible to find all the hormones in a blood sample taken from the arm.
A)True
B) False

163) All hormones secreted by the pituitary actually came from the hypothalamus.
A)True
B) False

164) Diabetes insipidus results from an excess production of ADH.

A)True
B) False

165) High levels of TSH would suppress thyroxine by negative feedback.

A)True
B) False

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