Power & FGD systems
FLSmidth Krebs power & FGD systems
Hydrocyclones classify limestone particles used in
power plant flue gas desulfurization systems
Above: Small diameter cyclones
Krebs® cyclones are used to classify
lime and limestone in the reagent
preparation area, and to dewater
gypsum in the scrubber circuit of wet
flue gas desulfurization (WFGD)
systems at coal fired power plants.
Overview
In wet flue gas desulfurization
systems, limestone (calcium carbon-
ate) is ground to a powder in a wet
ball mill. Krebs cyclones are used to
classify the ball mill discharge,
returning coarse particles to the ball
mill for further grinding. Finely ground
limestone (typically 90% passing 45
micron) reports to the cyclone
overflow and is stored in a limestone
slurry storage tank (at 25-30% solids
by weight).
The stored limestone slurry is sprayed
countercurrently against the power
plant boiler flue gas, absorbing SO2
from the flue gas. The SO2 reacts with
oxygen and limestone forming
gypsum. Krebs cyclones concentrate
the gypsum slurry from about 15%
solids by weight to 45% solids by
weight ahead of a vacuum belt filter.
The vacuum belt filter produces a
filter cake that can be disposed of in a
landfill, or in some cases, processed to
make wallboard. The cyclone overflow
is returned to the absorber where fine
unreacted limestone is converted to
gypsum and fine gypsum crystals
grow larger.
Frequently, small diameter cyclones
are used to process a portion of the
overflow from the gypsum dewater-
ing cyclones. The purpose of this
stage of cyclones is to produce a
relatively solids free (<1.5% solids by
weight) stream that can be sent to a
wastewater treatment plant as a
chloride bleed from the system.
Specifications
Cyclones for the limestone grinding
circuit and for gypsum dewatering are
typically 4” to 6” diameter cyclones,
but occasionally are as large as 10”
diameter. Due to the presence of chlo-
rides in the process, cyclone housings
are usually epoxy painted and fitted
with replaceable gum rubber liners
abrasion and corrosion resistance.
Ceramic liners are also available.
Cyclone apexes are made of gum
rubber for commissioning, but can be
changed to ceramic later, if desired.
Radial manifold assemblies for the
cyclones are fabricated from carbon
steel and have spark tested, vulca-
nized gum rubber and/or chlorobutyl
lining. Exposed carbon steel surfaces
are epoxy painted for corrosion
resistance.

Flue gas desulfurization process
• Finer, sharper particle separations
at high capacities.
• Available in sizes ranging from
2-inch to 33-inch in diameter.
• Through extensive testing, the
gMAX performance has been
proven in a wide variety of ores
including, iron ore, phosphate,
limestone, coal classification, and
copper grinding circuits.
• Operates at higher feed densities
at the same separation size.
• Operates at lower cyclone inlet
pressure.
3
The Krebs gMAX®
The gMAX® cyclone is an entirely new
Cyclone produces the
breed of Krebs cyclones - complete performance you need
with new design and new cyclone with large diameter
geometry. The gMAX cyclone has the cyclones while
operating at lower
capability to produce finer and
pressures!
sharper particle separations, using
large, high capacity cyclones. The
gMAX cyclone performance level was
formerly only achievable using many
small diameter cyclones, at a much
higher capital cost. These benefits
make gMAX cyclones ideal for
limestone grinding and gypsum
dewatering applications.
 Bulletin #5-200 Rev. 12/3/2013 al-us

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FLSmidth Krebs
Technology Center
FLSmidth Krebs
5505 W Gillette Road
Tucson, AZ 85743-9501
USA
Tel: +1 520 744 8200
Fax: +1 520 744 8300
E-mail: krebsgeneral@flsmidth.com