Geometry Final Review

Chapter 1
Brought to you by Cate Costin, Madison Thompson and
Khaki O’Brien
Warm-up
What number am I thinking of?

The sum of all the four numbers is 31.

Only one of number is odd.

The highest number minus the lowest number is 7.

If you subtract the middle two numbers, it equals two.

There are no duplicate numbers.

12, 5, 6, 8
1.3
Points, Lines, and Planes
1.3 Vocab
● Point - A specific location.
○ Label with capital letters.
● Line - A series of points that extends in opposite directions.
○ Label with lower case letters.

● Collinear points - Points that are on the same line.

○ Ex :
1.3 Vocab cont.
● Plane - A flat surface that has no thickness. It goes on forever in
every direction and is labeled with 1 capital letter or by listing 3
non-collinear points on the plane.
○ Ex :

● Coplanar - Points and/or lines that are on the same plane.

○ Ex :
Postulate 1.1

● Through any two points there is exactly 1 line.

Postulate 1.2
● If two lines intersect, they intersect in exactly one point.

LK and GH intersect at P
Postulate 1.3
● If two planes intersect, they intersect in exactly one line.
Postulate 1.4
● Through any noncollinear
points there is exactly one
plane.
1.4
Segments, Rays, Parallel Lines and Planes.
1.4 Vocab
● Segment - Part of a line with 2 endpoints.

● Ray - Part of a line with only one endpoint.

● Opposite rays - Two collinear rays with the same endpoint, or 2 rays with the same
endpoint that form a straight line.
1.4 Vocab cont.
● Parallel Lines - 2 (or more) coplanar lines that don’t intersect
● Skew lines - 2 (or more) non-coplanar lines that do not intersect

● Parallel Plane - Planes that do not intersect

1.5
Measuring Segments
Postulate 1.5
● The points of a line can be put into one-to-one correspondence with
the real numbers so that the distance between any two points is the
absolute value of the difference of the corresponding numbers.
1.6 Vocab
Angle- an angle is formed by two rays with the same endpoint.

Acute angle- an angle that is less than 90 degrees but more than 0 degrees.

Obtuse angle- an angles that is more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees.

Right angle- when an angle is 90 degrees.

1.6 Vocab Cont.
Straight angle- when an angle is a straight line measuring 180 degrees.

Congruent angle- angles that have the same measure

Vertical angle- are two angles whose sides form two pairs of opposite rays.

Adjacent angle- two coplanar angles with a common side, a common vertex, and no
common interior points.

Complementary angle- two angles whose measures add up to 90 degrees.

Supplementary angle- two angles whose measures add up to 180 degrees.

Postulate 1.8
Angles Addition Postulate

<AOB + <BOC = <AOC

1.8 Finding Distances on the Coordinate Plane
The distance between any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).

Distance Formula:

Midpoint Formula:
2.1 Conditional Statements
Conditional Statement: an “if, then” statement

- Ex. If something is a carrot, then it is a vegetable.

If it comes after the if but before then than, it is called a hypothesis.

If it comes before the if but after the than, it is called a conclusion.

Converse: when you switch the hypothesis and conclusion.

- Ex. If it is a vegetable, then it is a carrot.

Negate: To have the opposite truth value; often used the word “not”.

- Ex. If something is not a carrot, then it is not a vegetable.

2.2 Biconditionals and Definitions
Biconditional- can be formed when both the conditional and its converse are true; when
it is true, link the hypothesis with the conclusion using “if and only if”.

Contrapositive- when you flip the hypothesis and conclusion after you negate it.
2.3 Deductive Reasoning
● Deductive reasoning- drawing conclusions based on true statements
● Inductive reasoning- drawing conclusions based on patterns
● Law of Detachment- if a conditional is true, and you know the hypothesis is
true, then its conclusion is true
○ If p→ q is a true statement and p is true, then its conclusion is true
● Law of Syllogism- if p→ q and q→ r are true statements, then p→ r is a true
statement
○ Allows you to state a conclusion from two true conditional statements when the
conclusion of one statement is the hypothesis of the other statement
2.4 Properties of Equality
● Addition Property: If a=b, then a+c=b+c
● Subtraction Property :
○ If a=b, then, a-c=b-c
● Multiplication Property:
○ If a=b, then a times c=b times c
● Division Property:
○ If a=b and c ≠ 0, then a/b = b/c
2.4 Properties of Equality cont.
● Reflexive Property:
○ a=a
● Symmetric Property:
○ If a=b, then b=a
● Transitive Property:
○ If a=b and b=c, then a=c
● Substitution Property:
○ If a=b, then b can replace a in any expression
2.5 Proving angles congruent
● Theorem 2.1, Vertical Angles Theorem: If you have vertical angles then they are
congruent

<1, <2, <3, and <4 are all congruent

2.5 Proving angles congruent
● Theorem 2.2, Congruent Supplements Theorem: If two angles are supplements of
the same angle (or congruent angles) then the two angles are congruent
2.5 Proving angles congruent
● Theorem 2.3, Congruent Complements Theorem: if two angles are complements of
the same angle (or congruent angles) then the two angles are congruent
2.5 Proving angles congruent
● Theorem 2.4 All right angles are congruent
2.5 Proving angles congruent
● Theorem 2.5: if two angles are congruent and supplementary, then they are each
right angles