T h e f o l l o w i n g p a s s a g e c o n t a i n s 1 0 m i s t a k e s , s u c h a s g r a m m a ti c a l e r r o r s ,

w r o n g p r e p o s i ti o n s a n d c o n j u n c ti o n s . C o r r e c t t h e m i s t a k e s a n d r e w r i t e
the correct version of this passage.

In Japan, there are still a significant number (1) in people who have to (2) lived on the streets. (3) They
are some 20,000 homeless people (4) over Japan. The government (5) have been worked hard to solve
this social problem. Some homeless people are on the streets (6) temporary. Many people (7) are
misconceived that homeless people are filthy and jobless. Some homeless people in Japan will rather (8)
goes hungry (9) then to beg because begging is (10) a offensive act there.

Answers

1. For 2. found 3. on 4. gave 5. entered 6. Although 7. win 8. try 9. shopped 10. mother's

In Japan, there are still a significant number of people who have to live on the streets. There are some
20,000 homeless people throughout Japan. The government has been working hard to solve this social
problem. Some homeless people are on the streets temporarily. Many people have misconceived that
homeless people are filthy and jobless. Some homeless people in Japan will rather go hungry than to beg
because begging is an offensive act there.

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Write a summary on what can be done to overcome social ills among our young

Dear Editor,

I feel I need to write in to your newspapers in view of what is happening to the young in our
country. I read with despair each day about the crimes and social ills our youth are involved in,
and I shudder to think that they are our hope for the future. I feel it's about time we seriously
think of what can be done to ensure our youth do not stray any further.

We cannot run away from the fact that parents play the most important role. The first few years
of a child's life are crucial in molding his character personality, beliefs and values.

Parents must be truly interested in their children's lives and what is happening to them. They
should know who their-children hang out with, where they go, what they do. And because
children spend so much time in schools these days, teachers too must be responsible towards the
character-building of the child. Their role is to help educate the child and teach him what is right
and what is considered wrong in society. Besides that, a teacher must be extra observant.
Anything out of the normal about a student should be reported to the parents immediately. Do
not wait until it's too late to take action and do not assume someone else will do it for you.

Let's work together and counter this growing problem, and not just sit back and shake our heads
about the whole issue.

Matt Beh

Ipoh

Your summary must :

* not be more than 60 words, including the 10 words given below

* be in continuous writing ( not note form )
* be written in one paragraph
Use your own words as far as possible without changing its original meaning.

Begin your summary as follows :

To overcome social ills among the young, everyone has .....

Answer

To overcome social ills among the young, everyone has a role to play. The most important people
are the parents. They must take a keen interest in teaching their children principles right from the
start. Teachers too must help educate a child on what is right and wrong. They must be extra
vigilant and report any misbehavior to the parents immediately. ( 61 words )

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One of these parts contains an error.

1. He was quite amusing when he heard what had happened.

2. Turn left by the crossroads when you reach it.

3. He has been working here for sometimes.

4. He stopped to see if he could picked up the trail.

5. Although he jumped aside, but the stone hit him.

6. I decided to climbed to the top of the hill to get a better view.

7. He jumped down after shouted a warning to those standing below.

8. After a few minutes, I look up and saw that it was getting dark.

9. I saw the blind man crossed the busy road without any help.

10. The robber gave the victim with a hard blow.

Answers

1. He was quite amused when he heard what had happened.

2. Tu r n l e f t a t t h e c r o s s r o a d s w h e n y o u r e a c h i t .
3. He has been working here for some times.
4. He stopped to see if he could pick up the trail.
5. Although he jumped aside, yet the stone hit him.
6. I d e c i d e d t o c l i m b t o t h e t o p o f t h e h i l l t o g e t a b e t t e r v i e w.
7. He jumped down after shouting a warning to those standing below
8. After a few minutes, I looked up and saw that it was getting dark.
9. I s a w t h e b l i n d m a n c ro s s i n g t h e b u s y r o a d w i t h o u t a n y h e l p .
10. T h e r o b b e r g a v e t h e v i c t i m a h a r d b l o w.

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A Talk on a Social Issue
You are a population growth expert. You have been invited to give a talk to a Ladies Club on
'The Problems of an Increasing Population'. Write out your talk.

Good afternoon, ladies, the topic for today - The Problems of an increasing population - should
be of some interest to all of you. Malaysia at present has a population of 23 million. We are not
overpopulated as yet but our population is increasing at a good rate. Our neighboring countries,
though, like Indonesia, China and India face many problems because of over-population. How
did this come about? Well, there are three main ways a country's population can increase: large
scale immigration, a decrease in death rate and a rapid increase in birth rate.

An increasing population makes. it difficult for the government to raise the standard of living.
There will be a greater demand for goods. Production must increase or goods must be imported.
Imported goods means a rise in the prices of goods. When people have to pay more, they have
less money to spend or to save. Therefore, the standard of living drops.

An increasing population also means an increase of social services and amenities. For example,
there must be more schools, teachers and playgrounds. If there are not enough of these then the
quality of
education will be affected. Classrooms will be crowded and teachers will be overloaded.

If food and medical supplies are insufficient for the growing population, the health of the
population will suffer. The first to be affected will be children and old people. It may not be easy
to provide sufficient health facilities like clinics and hospitals if the population is large.

Housing is also a big problem as the population continues to grow especially in urban areas.
Space is limited so rentals are high. Slums will develop in the cities. All kinds of problems
associated with squatters would arise. Land may be cleared indiscriminately leading to
environmental problems.

Lastly, there will be unemployment. Unemployment will lead to social problems like robberies
and riots. These will cause political unrest.

Therefore, ladies, it is clear that an increasing population growth, which is not controlled, will
lead to overpopulation with all its disadvantages and problems. An overpopulated country faces
political, social and economic problems. It is best to maintain controlled growth.

Thank you.

4
Social ills among teenagers
Make a speech in the topic of the contest 'Social ills among teenagers'.

Good evening, honorable judges, teachers and friends.

I am glad to have been given this opportunity to talk to you today. The title of my speech is
'Social ills among teenagers'. A lot has been said about the deviant behavior of teenagers. Our
education system, the media, teenagers themselves and their parents have been blamed. here is
no need to point an accusing finger at any particular group, but keeping mum over the issue is
tantamount to condoning it. Our youths are our most valuable assets. They are the future leaders
of the nation. The harm has already been done and it is now up to us to undo it.

One of the main reasons why our youths go astray may be the lack of parental supervision.
Nowadays, both parents go out to work. Children are left in the care of foreign maids and child-
minders. As a result, they are faced with the threat of the disintegration of the family values and
thus, the rising trend in social ills and crimes among teenagers. Parents should closely monitor
the activities of their children and be understanding.

When parents are often too busy pursuing their own careers to spare some thought for the
welfare of their children, children grow up with little religious or moral guidance. When they do
not get love and attention at home, they seek attention from others who may or may not come
from similar backgrounds. Thus, the social ills affecting our youth may be a reflection of a much
larger problem, such as the disintegration of the family unit.

Ladies and gentlemen, the media may also play a part in the moral degradation among teenagers.
Television programs which show violence and sex and glorify other negative aspects should be
restricted. There should also be stricter enforcement of the ban on pornographic material.

Teenagers with little or nothing to do during their spare time usually take to the streets.
Therefore, recreational facilities such as those found in sports complexes should be available to
all youths. at present, existing recreational facilities seem to either be exclusively for the rich or
for older people. the establishment of teen clubs and community centers, that do not charge high
fees and that specially target teenagers, should be given top priority.

In conclusion, ladies and gentlemen, everyone, including religious, educational and social
institutions, as well as individuals and the media, must cooperate with the authorities to combat
the social ills afflicting our teenagers. It is important that people, especially youths, do not get
into the rut of moral decay. There should be a thorough study of the problem before a proper
strategy can be mapped out to channel our youths towards healthier lifestyles.

Thank you for your kind attention and have a nice day.

keeping mum keeping quiet

condoning tolerating an offence
go astray go away from the correct path

5
Discuss the problems facing old and young in a rapidly changing
society
We are living in a world which is characterized by change. Generally speaking, the change has
been towards progress. Change and progress have created certain problems that confront both the
young and old. Old values stand at a discount and new dues are accepted, though with
reluctance. Social life has become complex and new social problems have cropped up The
change has been so rapid that many find themselves in a state of flux.

The head of the family who traditionally enjoyed importance at home, now finds that much of it
has whittled away. He has to respect the views of others at home and has to recognize their
attitudes and manners. Reason, he finds. has substituted, to a large extent, tradition and
obligations. He can no longer impose his will on others and where conservatism has got the
better of him, he feels dejected and ignored. This sense of loss of position and importance can
have bad psychological consequences.

The old have to change their attitude towards jobs. They find that in the rat race, they have to
learn and equip themselves with necessary skills if they want to compete. The experience that
they have gained at a particular job can no longer be equated with security and promotion. They
have to compete with those equipped with new knowledge and expertise.

The old have to accept the changed values, and values prescribe certain principles of personal
and corporate conduct. As society changes, values change and thus changed values would imply
changed morality. But one must hasten to add that the basic values of the present generation are
not different from those of the earlier. Corruption is not justified on the ground of changed
values. But our attitude towards elders. jobs, the family etc. have change and the old find it
difficult to accept them. With the disappearance of the extended family system, the old family
ties an pre-eminence of the oldest members, the old are often left in the home of the aged. The
old find it difficult to reconcile themselves to the situation. The old feel that the young do not
understand or appreciate their value and attitudes.

Young people today experience problems which were unheard of before. They are often branded
as a generation with no respect for anyone. The information they have gathered about the
problems of growing up make them feel more about them and they demand sympathy and
understanding. To them the problems art genuine and the old ignore them. In their search for
solace and comfort, they value the company of their peer-group more than the affection of
parents which is often not demonstrated. They are often driven off their homes, often there
develops a conflict at home, the parents enforcing discipline and the children asserting their
independence.

The undue importance given to material wealth makes the parents search it at the expense of
their parental obligations. Money becomes an obsession and the children are left uncared for.
Parental attention and affection are important in developing well-adjusted individuals. Bereft of
these, the children despair and are apt to develop anti-social habits. Parents desire their children
to accomplish ambitions beyond their ability and when their attempts are thwarted both the

6
parents and children feel frustrated.

We are living in a fast changing world. The developments in the last three decades or so have
transformed traditional life patterns. The rapidity of this transformation requires man to be
adaptable and this need for adaptation creates problems for both the old and the young.

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 Sample List of Social Problems

Below is a list of some general types of school and community problems. Review the list with
your group or class. Select one that everyone would be willing to study in detail. You may add
other examples to the list.

 SCHOOL LEVEL
o Low student morale

o Smoking in lavatories

o Poor academic performance

o High dropout rate

o Vandalism

o High absenteeism/skipping classes

 COMMUNITY LEVEL
o Increased traffic fatalities

o Environmental problems

o Air or water pollution

o Solid waste disposal/landfills

o Poor sanitation

o High crime rates

o Violent crime

o Drugs

o Hate crimes

Your problem (phrase):

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The problem that needs to be addressed is the large number of teenagers in
this country who drive drunk.

Briefly list several broad underlying factors that contribute to the problem that you
have identified:
Teen drunk driving is a problem for the following reasons:

 Easy access to alcohol

 Alcohol advertising in entertainment and sports

 High percentage of young agressive drivers

 Peer pressure

 Use of drugs by athletes and musicians

 Low self-esteem among youths

Preventing truancy
Truancy tops the list of misdemeanors by our students. Almost every day, students are caught
playing truant. Although it is not a serious problem, it must be nipped in the bud.

Truancy means being absent from school without a valid reason. Students play truant for
number of reasons. Most of them play truant because of negative peer influence. they follow
their friends who skip school. Financial problems can also cause a student to stay away from
school. This explains why students who play truant are mainly from the lower income groups.
Learning problems is another cause of truancy. Students who find academic subjects difficult or
boring would prefer to play truant. Some students who are addicted to drugs or alcohol will
frequently be absent. The fear of bullying or harassment may also cause timid students to play
truant.

If left unchecked, truancy can lead to juvenile delinquency and numerous other negative
outcomes. Youths who play truant have an increased risk of dropping out of school. School
dropouts are more likely to be unemployed as prospective employers are concerned about
attendance of their potential employees. Regular school attendance is also important for
academic success. If a student often plays truant, he may fail in his examinations. Students who

9
play truant also have low self-esteem and become social misfits.

To curb truancy, initiatives must be taken. Prevention is the key. Early intervention can tackle the
problem. Students who often skip classes should be given counseling. Parents should check with
teachers and school authorities periodically to monitor students' attendance. Police patrols will also
deter repeat offenders.

misdemeanors bad conduct

nipped in the bud put an end to something while it is just starting

juvenile delinquency young people who are guilty of committing a crime

Bullying
(Mode: Forms, reasons & solutions )
Describe bullying in the school environment, its forms, reasons and solutions.

Bullying is a common occurrence in most schools. Bullying occurs when a group of students
isolate one student and get on-lookers to support or remain neutral. Bullies taunt and tease before
physically bullying the target. Bullying can happen to anyone, regardless of their status. Bullying
occurs in any age group but is particularly prominent between the ages of 9 to 18. Bullying types
cover the range of physical, emotional, verbal, cyber and sexual bullying.

There are several different types of bullies: confident, social, fully armored, hyperactive, bullied
bully, a bunch or gang of bullies. Bullies come in all shapes and sizes. Girls and boys are both
bullies. Girls are verbal social bullies: spreading rumors, breaking up friendships. Boys are more
physical bullies: hitting, punching, and slapping. Bullies are typically overly concerned about
their appearance and their popularity standings. They have an urge to dominate, or be in charge
of others. Bullies are usually easily pressured by their peers and feel the need to impress them.

Students become bullies for many reasons. They want to impress their peers. They were once
bullied themselves and now feel big in bullying others. Some even do it as retaliation for being
punished in school.

How do we identify bullies? They are usually viewed as loud and assertive and may even be
hostile in particular situations. Bullies are not usually the largest kids in a class, but may be part
of the popular or cool kids group. The bullies that are part of a popular group may not come from
intense disciplinary homes, rather they gain acceptance from the peer group by bullying a victim.

Then how do we recognize the bullied? Victims of bullying are physically smaller, more
sensitive, unhappy, cautious, anxious, quiet, and withdrawn. They are often described as
submissive. With these qualities, they are vulnerable to being victimized.

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There are short-term and long-term effects of bullying. The short-term effects include depression,
suicide, anxiety, anger and poor school performance. The long-term effects result in feelings of
insecurity, lack of trust, extreme insensitivity and a need for revenge.

What can we do to reduce school bullying? It calls for a concerted effort, beginning right at the
pinnacle (Ministry of Education) down to the staff base, students and parents. Everyone has a
role to play because of the dynamics of the situation.

Here are some strategies to help reduce bullying in schools. Adults need to know what is
happening to their children. They should teach their children to defend themselves, verbally and
physically. Affirm that bullying is never acceptable. Emphasize caring, respect and safety.
Enforce consistent and immediate consequences for aggressive behaviors. Encourage positive
peer relations. Improve communication among all stakeholders.

Stakeholders can formulate strategies to address the issue of bullying. However, for bullying to
disappear from the school environment, two aspects need to happen. One is for the bullies to
realize their behavior is unacceptable and they should be disciplined and counseled. The other is
for the bullied to stand up for justice and fair play.

In the course of growing up from a child to an adolescent teenager to an adult, some forms of
physical horse play and innocent emotional teasing are inevitable. The "so-called bullies" should
know their limits when to stop "fooling around" and the "so-called bullied" should be less
sensitive and accept such "name-calling" as "part and parcel" of growing up.

submissive passive

pinnacle peak

part and parcel every aspect

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