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Activity No.

1: Basic Concepts

Hardness: is a measure of a material’s resistance to localized plastic deformation.


In other words, is the resistance of a material to deformation, indentation, or
penetration by means such as abrasion, drilling, impact or scratching.

Strength: is the ability of a material to resist deformation. The strength of a


component is usually considered based on the maximum load that can be borne
before failure is apparent.

Density: A material's density is defined as its mass per unit volume. It is a


measurement of how tightly matter is crammed together. The mass of atoms, their
size, and how they are arranged determine the density of a substance.

Malleability: is the ability of a metal to exhibit large deformation or plastic


response when being subjected to compressive force. The malleability of the metal
gives an important means of describing the specific characteristics of a metal and
relating it to the arrangement of the atoms within the metal. This property in
engineering applications allows for the manufacture of a wide variety of products,
from pots and pans to coins for currency.

Ductility: is a material that can be stretched thin when tensile stress is applied. It
is the way to describe a physical property of any material. Think of compressive
force as the act of squeezing or pushing down on a material to change its shape.

Elasticity: is the ability of an object or material to resume its normal shape after
being stretched or compressed. Or in other words, it's the stretchiness of a material
or object.

Toughness: a measure of the energy absorbed before and during the fracture
process; it is equal to the area under the tensile. Toughness requires strength as
well as ductility, which allows a material to deform before fracturing

Brittleness: is applied to the materials which fail in the presence of little or no


evidence of plastic deformation before fracture. Brittleness is lack of ductility and
for a brittle material there is no plastic deformation. The elastic stage is followed by
immediate fracture.
Fusibility: is defined as the ability of a metal to become liquid by the application
of heat. In other words, is the property of materials that allows them to go from a
solid to a liquid state when they are subjected to certain temperature.

Conductivity: is a measure of how easily electric current can flow through a given
material. That is, for a given Electric Field in a material, a higher conductivity
material will produce more current flow than a low conductivity material.

Thermal Expansion: is a material property that is indicative of the extent to


which a material expands upon heating. Different substances expand by different
amounts. Over small temperature ranges, the thermal expansion of uniform linear
objects is proportional to temperature change.

References
 Callister, W. D. (2007). Materials science and engineering: an introduction.
New York: John Wiley & Sons.

 http://physics.about.com/od/fluidmechanics/f/density.htm
 http://www.engineersedge.com/material_science/malleability.htm
 https://global.britannica.com/science/elasticity-physics
 http://www.lehigh.edu/~amb4/wbi/kwardlow.htm
 http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/lessonplans/chapter3/lesson1
 http://study.com/academy/lesson/ductility-definition-examples-quiz.html
 http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/Malleability,-Brittlenes-and-Ductility-
d_1851.html

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