Generator Fundamentals

Generator Fundamentals
Learning Outcomes

• Generator Basics.
• Generator Excitation.
• Generator Load Profile.

2
Generator Basics - Construction
Rotor Poles Stator Windings
Induction
Principle

3
Generator Basics - Construction
120º per phase

Three Phase Current

4
 Alternator Principles - Construction
Random Wound

Form Wound
5
Generator Basics - Components

6
Generator Basics - Components

7
Generator Basics - Components

8
Generator Basics - Connections

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Generator Basics - Connections

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Generator Basics - Connections

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Generator Basics - Connections

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Generator Basics - Connections

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Generator Basics - Connections

14
Generator Basics Connections

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Generator Basics - Connections

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Generator Basics - Connections

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Generator Basics - Connections

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Generator Basics - Connections

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Generator Basics - Connections

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Generator Basics

• Generator Construction.
• Generator Components.
• Generator Connections.

21
Generator Excitation

STATOR
WINDING
ROTOR
WINDING

Electromagnet

How we energize the Electromagnet?

22
Generator Excitation – Direct Excitation

23
Generator Excitation – Self-Excited

24
Generator Excitation – Permanent Magnet

25
Generator Excitation – Internally Excited

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Generator Excitation

• Let’s do Activity 01.

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Generator Excitation

• Direct Excitation.
• Self-Excited.
• Permanent Magnet.
• Internally Excited.

28
Generator Load Profile - Linear Loads

29
Generator Load Profile – Non-Linear Loads

30
Generator Load Profile – Harmonic Distortion

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Generator Load Profile – Harmonic Distortion

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Generator Load Profile – Harmonic Distortion

2/3 5/6

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 Generator Load Profile – Harmonic Distortion
@ 2/3 Pitch T1 @ 5/6 Pitch

0% @Full Load 7.7% @Full

Load
0.35% @Full T0 0.1% @Full
Load Load

T3 T2
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Generator Load Profile – AC Power

• S - Apparent. S
• P - Real. Q
• Q - Reactive.

P
Power Vector

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Generator Load Profile – AC Power

• S = 1.73 x VL x I

• P = 1.73 x VL x I x P.F.

• Q= S −P
2 2

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Generator Load Profile – AC Power
Power Factor
• P.F. = P/S

• S= P +Q
2 2

• P= S −Q
2 2

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Generator Power Profile – AC Power

Genset with 1000kVA@0.8, 480V, what is

the Real and Reactive Power of the Genset
at Full Load?

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Generator Load Profile – AC Power

Genset with 2000kW@0.8, 480V, what is the

Apparent and Reactive Power of the Genset
at Full Load?

39
Generator Load Profile – AC Power

Genset with 60kVA@0.8, 480V, what is the

current and Real Power at full load?

40
Generator Load Profile - Limits

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Generator Load Profile - Limits

Engine

42
Alternator
Generator Load Profile - Limits

43
Generator Load Profile - Limits

• Example:
– 2000kW@0.8, 13.8kV.
Maximum kW and Current at 0.95 PF.
– 800kW@0.8, 480V.
Maximum kW and Current at 0.65 PF.

44
Generator Load Profile - Limits

• Let’s do Activity 02

45
Generator Load Profile

• Type of Loads.
• Harmonic Distortion.
• Power and Power Factor.
• Generator Limits.

46
Summary

• Generator Basics.
• Generator Excitation.
• Generator Load Profile.

47