UNIT 1 “People and Places”

Vocabulary
Sail
Ancient
Employment
Inhabit
Migration
Hunting
Occur
Herding
Political
Fishing

Grammar: Present Perfect vs. Present perfect continuous tense

From the present perfect with: subject + has/have+(not) +past participle of a

verb.

From the present perfect continuous with: Subject + has/have + been +

present participle (-ing form) of a verb.

Grammar: So + Adjective + that

Use so + adjective + that to explain that

Examples:
 UNIT 2 “The Mind”

Vocabulary
Landmark
Memorize
Portion
React
Retain
Techniques
Cell
Visualize
Recalling
Mental

Grammar: Gerunds as subjects and after prepositions

A gerund is a noun formed from a verb + Ing

Grammar: May, might, and could for possibility

Use may, might, and could + verb to say that something is possible, now or in
the future.

Ise

Examples:
 UNIT 3 “Changing Planet”

Vocabulary
Extreme
Oil
Drought
Global Warming
Climate change
Led to
Deforestation
Increase
Conservation
Sea levels

Grammar: The passive

From the passive with be + the past participle of the main verb.

Grammar: the past Perfect

Use the past perfect tense lo talk about something that happened before
another event in the past--- Subject +had+(not)+past participle

Examples:
 UNIT 4 “Money vs. Wealth”

Vocabulary
Have debt
Borrow
Income
Lend
Bargain
Budget
Expenses
Cash

Grammar: Gerunds vs. Infinitive

Verb+ Infinitive
We use infinitives after certain verbs, including: Hope, try, want, learn, need,
promise, decide, agree
Verb+ Gerund
We use gerunds after certain verbs, including: Avoid, enjoy stop, finish, give
up, consider
Verb+Infinitive or gerund
We can use infinitives or gerunds after certain verbs, including:
Like, prefer, hate, begin, continue, love

Grammar: Review of the passive voice

From the passive with

Subject+be+past participle (+by aggent)

Examples:
 UNIT 5 “Survival”

Vocabulary
Evacuate
Emergency
Equipament
Natural Disaster
First-aid
Preparation
Cope
Supplies
Panic
Situation

Grammar: Unreal conditional in the present

Use the present unreal conditional to talk about a situation that is not true
now.

Conditional sentences have two clauses: the condition clause and the result
clause.

Grammar: Wish in the present

We use wish when we want things to be different than they really are

The verb after wish is in the past tense

After wish, the auxiliary verbs can or will change to could or would.

Examples:
 UNIT 6 “Art”
Vocabulary

Paintings Represents

Sculptures Depict

Styles Techniques

Realistic Aware

Abstract Diverse

Grammar: Gerunds vs. Infinitive

Verb+ Infinitive
We use infinitives after certain verbs, including: Hope, try, want, learn, need,
promise, decide, agree
Verb+ Gerund
We use gerunds after certain verbs, including: Avoid, enjoy stop, finish, give
up, consider
Verb+Infinitive or gerund
We can use infinitives or gerunds after certain verbs, including:
Like, prefer, hate,
Grammar: begin,
Review continue,
of the passivelove
voice

From the passive with

Subject+be+past participle (+by aggent)

Examples: