Se usa para expresar el motivo por el que se hace algo.

1) ¿Cómo se forma? Sujeto + verbo + infinitivo con 'to'

I went to Madrid to learn Spanish. (Fui a Madrid para aprender español)

Pregunta: Why do you go to the gym (¿Por qué vas al gimnasio?)

Respuesta: I go to the gym to get fit (Voy al gimnasio para estar en forma)

Un error común es decir "I go to the gym for getting fit" - eso no es correcto en
inglés.

2) También se puede usar con la expresión in order to.

I went to Madrid in order to learn Spanish. (Fui a Madrid para aprender español)

¿Qué es el infinitivo de finalidad?

He’s going to Italy to study Italian.

El infinitivo de finalidad es el segundo verbo en la frase. Se usa el infinitivo para

expresar el propósito de la primera acción.

En español, estas frases se traducen con la preposición para: Se va a Italia

para aprender italiano, etc. Muchas veces, para se traduce por “for”… pero en
este caso no.

Básicamente, aprender italiano es la finalidad del viaje, así que usamos to +

infinitivo.

Pasa igual en estos ejemplos:

He bought some flowers to give to his wife.

She has to get up early to go to the airport.

I called to make a reservation.

I went to the post office to pick up the package.

Susan is here to see you.

 Utilizamos el infinitivo de un verbo (to do) para hablar acerca
del propósito u objetivo de hacer algo (= why someone does
something):
- I went out to mail a letter. (Salí para franquear una carta).
- She called me to invite me to a party. (Me llamó para
invitarme a una fiesta)
También utilizamos el infinitivo de un verbo para expresar una
justificación (= why someone has, wants or needs something):
- They have bodyguards to protect them. (Tienen
guardaespaldas para protegerlos)
- I need a can opener to open this. (Necesito un abrelatas
para abrir esto)
Asimismo es posible utilizar in order to (para, a fin de que)
como sinónimo:
- We shouted in order to get help. (Gritamos a fin de pedir
ayuda)
No se debe utilizar FOR en ciertas oraciones (un error bastante
frecuente entre los hispanoparlantes):
- I'm going to Argentina to learn Spanish (not, I'm going to
Argentina FOR TO LEARN Spanish, or I'm going to
Argentina FOR LEARNING Spanish).

As … as
We use as + adjective/adverb + as to make comparisons when the things we are
comparing are equal in some way:

The world’s biggest bull is as big as a small elephant.

The weather this summer is as bad as last year. It hasn’t stopped raining for weeks.

You have to unwrap it as carefully as you can. It’s quite fragile.

See also:

Not as … as

We use not as … as to make comparisons between things which aren’t equal:

It’s not as heavy as I thought it would be, actually.

Rory hasn’t grown as tall as Tommy yet.

She’s not singing as loudly as she can.

They didn’t play as well as they usually do.

We can modify not as … as by using not quite as or not nearly as:

The second race was not quite as easy as the first one. (The second race was easy
but the first one was easier.)

These new shoes are not nearly as comfortable as my old ones. (My old shoes are a
lot more comfortable than these new shoes.)

We can also use not so … as. Not so … as is less common than not as … as:

The cycling was good but not so hard as the cross country skiing we did.

As … as + possibility

We often use expressions of possibility or ability after as … as:

Can you come as soon as possible?

Go to as many places as you can.

We got here as fast as we could.

As much as, as many as

When we want to make comparisons referring to quantity, we use as much as with

uncountable nouns and as many as with plural nouns:

Greg makes as much money as Mick but not as much as Neil.

They try to give them as much freedom as they can.

There weren’t as many people there as I expected.

We can use as much as and as many as before a number to refer to a large number of
something:

Scientists have discovered a planet which weighs as much as 2,500 times the weight
of Earth.

There were as many as 50 people crowded into the tiny room.

Comparatives as...as - tan...como

Para decir que dos cosas son iguales, usamos la estructura “as … as” que en
español traduce en “tan … como”, y para decir que no son equales simplemente
ponemos la negación “not”. O sea, “not as … as”.
Hay 4 formas:

A) con un verbo: as + verbo + as

 I don’t eat as much as you. - No como tanto como tu.

B) con un adjectivo: as + adjetivo + as

 Mary is as tall as Jane. - Mary es tan alto como Jane.

 New York is not as old as London. - Nueva York no es tan vieja como
Londres.

C) con un adverbio: as + adverbio + as

 He writes as carefully as the others. - El escribe tanto cuidado como los

demás.
 He doesn't drive as slowly as me. - El no conduce tan lentamente / despacio
como yo

D) as + many + (sustantivo contable) +as

 There are as many people in this restaurant as the other. - Hay tanta gente en
este restaurante como la otra.
 You don't have as many friends as me. - No tienes tantos amigos como yo.

as many as y not as many as

Mary doesn’t have as many friends as Peter. - María no tiene tantos amigos
como Pedro.

as much as y not as much as

 I talk as much as you. - Hablo tanto como tu.

 I don’t have as much money as you. - No tengo tanto dinero como tu.
 I like to read / reading as much as watching TV. - A mi me gusta leer tanto
como ver la TV

Ejemplos:
a. ¿Hace tanto calor en Madrid como en Barcelona?
Is Madrid as hot as Barcelona?
b. Tienes tantas plantas como tu vecino.
You have as many plants as your neighbour?
c. No me gusta tanto como le gusta a Maria.
I don’t like it as much as Maria does.
d. Juan no nada tan rápido como Carlos.
Juan doesn’t swim as fast as Carlos.
e. ¿Es tu casa tan grande como la mía?
Is your house as big as mine?
f. ¿Ellos Conducen con tanto cuidado como tu?
Do they drive as carefully as you?
g. No bebé tanto vino como tu en la fiesta.
I didn’t drink as much wine as you at the party.

I understand it today that the grammar of "it is not nearly as...as" and "it is not
quit as...as".

① it is not nearly as...as.

When I want to explain that two kinds things are small different, the following
expressions can be used it.

example:
＊ My brother has 175 cm. I am 145 cm.
 The following expressions can be used:
I can say that I am not nearly as tall as my brother.

＊ I still have little pain in my shoulder. I have a feeling

much better than before about the pain.

The following expressions can be used:

My shoulder's pain has not nearly as pain as before.

② it is not quite as....as.

When I want to say it is just different but not exactly different it, I can use this
phrase.

* My weight now is 45 kg. My weight before I came to is 45.5 Kg.

The following expressions can be used:

My weight is not quite as tiny as before I came to USA.

* It was 8 degree in this morning. It was 6 degree yesterday's

morning.

The following expressions can be used:

It is not quite as cold as yesterday morning.

It is the same mean both of the idiom of "is not quite as...as" and "is almost as...as".
Both means that it is little different but not exactly different.

I hope my understanding is right.

Thank you for reading this.

1) My father in Madrid when he was young (To live)

2) David's car was very new; he just it (To buy)
3) Ann passed her exam because she a lot (To study)
4) Last summer my parents went to London; they there before (To be)

5) When the police arrived the terrorist just one hostage (To kill) (acababa
de suceder)
6) Mark didn't me to his birthday party (To invite)
7) Yesterday morning my kids to the zoo (To go)
8) Ten years ago I 100.000 euros for my house (To pay)
9) When I saw your father I didn't recognize him. He a lot (To change)

10) The first time I my wife was in Paris during the Roland Garros
Tournament (To meet)
11) Last night I to bed very late because I was reading a book (To go)
12) I didn't see my brother last summer. He in France (To be)

13) I arrived very late at the party and my friends just (To leave) (acababan
de marcharse)
14) Mr Wilson alone in his castle (To die)

15) Last September the village was very quiet: the holiday makers already
(To leave) (pocos días antes)

16) Last time I went to Barcelona they the Olympic Village (To open)(poco
tiempo antes)
17) When the bomb exploded the police already the building (To evacuate)
18) I for an American firm for 10 years (To work) (ya no trabajo)
19) We our trip to Italy a lot (To enjoy)
20) When the helicopter finally arrived the oil tanker (To sink)

21) When the vaccine was finally developed that strange illness already
thousands of people (To kill)
22) The bomb in front of the police station (To explode)
23) The public the referee during the match (To insult)
1. After Fred (to spend) his holiday in Italy he (to want)
to learn Italian.
2. Jill (to phone) Dad at work before she (to leave) for
her trip.
3. Susan (to turn on) the radio after she (to wash) the
dishes.
4. When she (to arrive) the match already (to
start).
5. After the man (to come) home he (to feed) the cat.
6. Before he (to sing) a song he (to play) the guitar.
7. She (to watch) a video after the children (to go) to bed.
8. After Eric (to make) breakfast he (to phone) his friend.
9. I (to be) very tired because I (to study) too much.
10.They (to ride) their bikes before they (to meet) their
friends.