TEMPORARY REPORT

Name: Khairil Anshari

NIM: 17/415907/PA/18176

Day, date: Monday, 12 March 2018

SAPONIFICATION REACTION WITH SURFACTANT

PROPERTIES TESTING OF SOAP AND DETERGENT

I. Purposes

I.1. To learn the process of saponification of fats using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium
hydroxide (NAOH)

I.2. To learn the differences of soap and detergent properties

I.3. To determine the saponification value of fats

II. Materials and equipment

II.1. Materials

6 ml oil, 40 ml KOH/ 10% ethanol, distilled water, 25 NaCl, a few drops of HCL, filter paper,
indicator paper, 20 drops of acetone, coconut oil.

II.2. Equipment

50 ml and 100 ml beaker glass, hot plate, funnel, 100 ml graduated cylinder, stirring rod, watch
glass, wash bottle, Pasteur pipette, test tube, 1 ml of 0.1 % CaCl2 solution, 0.1% MgCl2, and 0.1%
FeCl2.

III. Experimental Methods

III.1. Potassium and Sodium Soap Making

- Put 6 ml of oil into 50 ml beaker glass  add 40 ml KOH/10% ethanol then heating and
stirring the mixtures  when the liquid’s been condensed then potassium soap’s formed
and add 50 ml distilled water  the mixtures’ ratio is 2:25 ml as potassium soap and 25 ml
for sodium soap making.
- Put 25 ml of potassium soap into 10 ml beaker glass  add 25 ml saturated NaCl then is
stirred up and is filtered up to it looks solid and sodium soap is formed.
- Put potassium and sodium soap in an available place, and for the next experiment use the
soap that has been served.

III.2. Fatty Acids of Soap Analysis

Take 10 ml potassium soap solution and pour into test tube  add a few drops of HCl and is
stirred up to acidic condition  test the solution with indicator paper  the solution is filled
and take the solids that is formed with stirring  Drop 20 drops of acetone into test tube 
observe the solubility  repeat again for coconut oil and sodium soap samples.

III.3. Soap and Detergent Properties

Take 3 peaces of watch glasses and each is dropped with a drop of oil  for first watch glass is
dropped with potassium soap  second watch glass is dropped with sodium soap  third
watch glass is dropped with detergent soap.

III.4. Ability of Surfactant

Take 12 test tubes for 4 first test tube is filled 1 ml sodium soap  for 4 first test tube is filled 1
ml potassium soap  for 4 first test tube is filled 1 ml detergent  after that each test tubes is
added 1 ml of 0.1 % CaCl2 solution, 0.1% MgCl2, and 0.1% FeCl2.