Mapúa Institute of Technology

School of Civil Engineering and Environmental and Sanitary Engineering

ELEMENTARY SURVEYING
FIELD MANUAL

FIELD WORK NO. 1

PACING ON LEVEL GROUND
CE120-0 / A1

CE120-0F/A1

Submitted By:

35. TAMBIS, Mikaella Patrice C.

2015121127

Group No. 7

Chief of Party: TAMBIS, Mikaella Patrice C.

Date of Field Work: April 24, 2018

Date of Submission: May 03, 2018

SUBMITTED TO:
Professor: Engr. Angelique Mijares

GRADE
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

1. Why is it important to know the individual’s pace factor?

As a civil engineer, it is important to know your pace factor because in times of need,
especially when you don’t have your tools with you, you can find it very useful and at the same
time, correctly approximating a distance using the pace factor method can also impress your
bossand clients. Pace factor method is useful, however, must only be used in certain cases. Pacing
might be the easiest way to measure a distance, but it is the least accurate method for it is only
used to approximate. It is not recommended to use this method in getting an accurate distance. It
can be used if a person wants to know the assumed distance in a short period of time.

2. Name three most important pointers that an individual must remember to follow in order to
make his/her approximation of the distance of an unknown course to be as accurate as possible.

- Remember the count

- Pace regularly
- Try to stay straight as possible

3. A student tries to measure the perimeter of a small park in his community by pacing around
the area for three consecutive times. The number of paces was tallied at 535, 543, and 539
respectively, for each trial. If the student’s pace factor is 0.74m/pace, determine the actual
perimeter of the land.
535 + 543 + 539
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 =
3

= 𝟓𝟑𝟗

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 = (𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛) ∗ (𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟)

= (539) ∗ (0.74)
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 𝟑𝟗𝟖. 𝟖𝟔𝒎
4. Every morning Joy walks to school from her boarding house and takes only a single route. For
five consecutive days, she tries to count the number of paces she makes. Monday morning’s
number of paces made by Joy is listed as 345 paces. On Tuesday, 353 paces; Wednesday, 358
paces; Thursday, 348 paces, and lastly, on Friday 355 paces. That Friday afternoon, a surveyor
from City Engineer’s Office who is tasked to lay out a new drainage piping system, measured the
exact route she took and found out that the taped distacne is 275m. What is Joy’s pace factor?

345 + 353 + 358 + 348 + 355

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 =
5
= 𝟑𝟓𝟏. 𝟖
𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
275
=
351.8
𝑷𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖

5. The Table shown below was taken from Jack’s notes when he tried to determine the perimeter
of his newly acquired agricultural piece of land. Knowing that his pace factor is 0.81, determine
the perimeter of his lot. Complete the table:

TRIAL LINE NO. OF PACED PACED PERIMETER

PACES FACTOR DISTANCE
1 AB 125.25
2 BC 85
3 CD 79.5 0.81
4 DE 133
5 EF 185
6 FA 112
Trial 1:
P.D AB = (125.25 paces)(0.81m/pace) = 101.45 m
Trial 2:
P.D BC = (85 paces)(0.81m/pace) = 68.85 m
Trial 3:
P.D CD = (79.5 paces)(0.81m/pace) = 64.40 m
Trial 4:
P.D DE = (133 paces)(0.81m/pace) = 107.73 m
Trial 5:
P.D EF = (185 paces)(0.81m/pace) = 149.85m
Trial 6:
P.D FA = (112 paces)(0.81m/pace) = 90.72 m

Perimeter:

P.D AB + P.D BC + P.D CD + P.D DE + P.D EF + P.D FA = 101.45m + 68.85m + 64.40m + 107.73m +
149.85m +90.72m = 583m

6. The length of the basketball court from MIT’s Gym was paced by a CE student whose pace
factor is 0.78. How many paces accurate to ¼ of a pace do you think did the student make?

Accurate Paces = 35.9

= 36 paces
 FINAL DATA SHEET

FIELD WORK NO. 1 PACING ON LEVEL GROUND

DATE: April 24, 2018 GROUP NO.: 7
TIME: 12:15PM LOCATION: Intra Walls
WEATHER: Sunny PROFESSOR: Engr. Mijares

A. PACE FACTOR (P.F.) DETERMINATION

TRIAL LINE TAPED DISTANCE NO. OF PACES MEAN PACE FACTOR

1 AB 30M 51
2 BA 30M 50
3 AB 30M 48
4 BA 30M 46 48 0.625m/pace
5 AB 30M 45

B. COMPUTATIONS:
𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Mean = Average number of paces Pace Factor=
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
51+50+48+46+45 30
= =
5 48

= 48 Pace Factor=0.625

C. MEASURING DISTANCE BY PACING

TRIAL LINE NO. OF PACES MEAN P.F. P.D. T.D ERROR

1 CD 61
2 DC 58
3 CD 59 59 0.625 36.875 40 7.8125%
4 DC 58
5 CD 58

D. COMPUTATIONS:
Mean =Average number of paces

61+58+59+58+58
= = 𝟓𝟗
5

|𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 − 𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒| |40 − 36.875|

% 𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 = = 𝑥100 = 𝟕. 𝟖𝟏𝟐𝟓%
𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 40
CONCLUSION

Field work number 1 is about pacing on the level ground. Without any measuring
instrument, one can obtain a good estimate of an unknown distance. Pacing is an estimated
method used to measure distances if measuring tools is not available. First we get our pace factor
by having a measured distance given by our professor then count the number of steps from the
starting point to the measured point using heel to heel, toe to toe, heel to toe principles. Pacing on
level ground can be applied on measuring distances between two points or any obstacles.

We use pacing when there’s an activity to check if our measurements tally with our
pacing of course our pace factor should be accurate. There are also important points to keep in
mind that an individual must keep in mind to keep his or her approximation of the distance on an
unknown course to be as accurate as possible, here as follows: It is necessary to first determine
the length of the path of you’re going to measure, second, every individual must walk naturally,
not that so slow, not that fast, because if you’ll not follow the instructions you’ll be encountering
errors, and lastly do the pacing as many as you could so that you’ll know the accuracy of your
paces. We get the mean value of our pace factor to be much more accurate. A range pole guided
us to keep our movement in a straight line.

Pacing will be useful until we become professionals engineers in the near future. Also,
we can use our estimation skills.It may not be as accurate as using tape measure but it is the
fastest way and easiest way. It is also important to know these kind of alternative measuring tools
for practicality. I would recommend walking at a normal pace while doing the experiment.
Weshould have patience in measuring the distance of two points, try not to exaggerateyour steps
when doing the field work, because it can lead to a large percent error, especially when it is very
long like 50 meters. And we should prepare ourselves indoing the fieldwork in the field and be
aware of the weather.
PROCEDURE:
A. Determination of Individual Pace Factor (P.F.)

1. The professor measures and designates a 50m course on a level ground. (Remember to
remove the tape while the students will be pacing on the course to prevent them from using the
tape as a basis for a straight course.)
2. The ends of the assigned course are marked with either hubs or marking pins or, by chalk
marks if on pavements. Designated the points as A and B.
3. Set or hold range poles behind points A and B or outside the course AB. These poles will
aid the students to travel in a straight path.
4. Each student should take turn pacing the course from A to B starting with heel or toe over
A, keeping their eyes focus on the range pole behind point B to keep themselves on a straight
path. One has to walk in their natural unaffected manner, and has to keep counting their number
of paces for the entire course being covered. A partial pace at the end of the course should be
figured out to the nearest one fourth of a pace. Record this as the number of paces for trial No. 1.
5. For trail No. 2, each student should walk from B to A in the same manner as in the first
trial.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for the subsequent trials to comply with the number of trials
required by the professor.
7. Data should be entered in the preliminary data sheet.

B. Determination of an unknown distance of the assigned course by pacing

1. The professor marks the end of a level course to be paced by each student.
2. Range poles are to be set up outside the level course to straighten the path of the student.
3. Each student paces the course with the minimum number of trials as required, recording
the number of paces for each trial.
4. The professor after all field notes shall have been submitted, assigns two students to
make an actual taping of the course to determine its actual taped distance.