Hernaldo de Jesús Leguizamón - Ayudante de cátedra I.S.

Dardo Rocha UEP 71 - Ayudante de Fonética y Fonología inglesas 2016

STATEMENTS WH-QUESTIONS YES/NO QUESTIONS TAGS COMMANDS INTERJECTIONS

Attitude Attitude Attitude Attitude Attitude Attitude
No Head: definite and complete, detached, No Head: detached, flat, unsympathetic, hostile. No Head: uninterested, hostile. as independent comments No Head: No Head: calm,
cool, dispassionate, reserved, dull, grim, surly. Head: serious, intense, urgent, searching. Head: serious, urgent. No Head: uninterested, hostile. unemotional, calm, unsurprised,
Head: categoric, judicial, considered, weighty. Meaning: Meaning: Head: serious, urgent. controlled, cold. reserved, self-
The Low Drop

Meaning: It gives an exclamatory air to the questions. It conveys a serious suggestion or urgent Meaning Head: Very serious and possessed.
(Slump)

Lack of involvement in the situation. When discussion. The speaker demands agreement strong. Head: Very strong.
used in enumerations everything is thought as It keeps the listener to the point holding from the listener. Meaning
separated items (not drawing a whole). a straight answer. It appealing the
Approval and disapproval, enthusiasm and It can act as a non-imperative or result in listener to obey the
impatience. an exclamation. speaker’s words.
In Alternative Questions gives the last
possibility.
Attitude Attitude Attitude Meaning Meaning Attitude
Definite and complete, involved, light, airy, Brisk, businesslike, considerate, friendly, lively, Light, less urgent, sceptical. as independent comments The speaker does not Not so reserved or
The High Drop

warm. interested. Meaning The listener is mildly surprised worry whether it is self-possessed.
Meaning Meaning It conveys suggestions or discussions and but accepts the speaker’s obeyed or not. It just Meaning
(Fall)

The speaker gives the sense of participation, It avoids seriousness and urgency. decisions, but not in an urgent way. statement. suggests a course of It expresses a mild
and it does not show itself cool towards the It has a bright and interested mood if WH-W It demands agreement. action rather than to surprise with less
listener. accented with a preceding Head. give an order. impact and power.

Attitude Attitude Attitude Meaning Attitude Attitude

Guarded, resentful, deprecatory. WH-W accented: wondering, puzzled, mildly Disapproving and sceptical as independent comments Calmly warned or Calm, casual,
Meaning surprised. It involves the same disapproval exhorted. reserved.
It encourages further conversation. It reserves WH-W unaccented: calm but disapproving and or scepticism Meaning
The Take-Off

judgment and appeals to change the listener’s resentful. with a previous statement It is uncommon. With
(Rise)

mind. It conveys unlimited enumeration or Meaning It demands confirmation. It does Don’t it has an
listing the items before the last one. When the WH-W is accented it wants the listener’s not has a disapproving or appealing effect.
question to be repeated or it asks for information to sceptical mood. The listener is The Tags will you?
be repeated. free to answer despite is clear Wont you? Would you?
that the speaker has his own after commands refers
preference while the listener invitation.
expects this to happen.
Attitude Attitude Attitude There are few
Grudgingly admitting, reluctant, In echo questions: greatly astonished. Otherwise: interested, concerned, surprised. Urgently warned, cases were
The Switchback

defensively dissenting, concerned, Meaning reproachful, interjections

(Fall-Rise)

reproachful, reserved, hurt, tentatively The speaker can hardly believe what it has been recently stated. concerned. sound scornful.
suggesting. In echoes greatly astonished. Meaning
Meaning It denotes a higher
It draws a purpose of contrast and shows urgency by its way of
continuation. warning.
 Hernaldo de Jesús Leguizamón - Ayudante de cátedra I.S. Dardo Rocha UEP 71 - Ayudante de Fonética y Fonología inglesas 2016

Attitude Attitude Attitude ---------------------------------------- Attitude Attitude

The Long Jump

Definite and complete, protesting, suffering. Protesting. Suggesting ---------------------------------------- Surprised, critical. Protesting and
Meaning Meaning Meaning ---------------------------------------- Meaning surprised.
It has a sense of injustice and the protest is The speaker asks about something in a protesting It is used to point discussions and ---------------------------------------- They are taken as Meaning
shown in an obvious way. way. decisions rather than looking for an course of action, not Speaker is taken for
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immediate answer. surprise and asks
---------------------------------------- commands.
for explanation.
Attitude Attitude Attitude ---------------------------------------- Attitude
Questioning, eliciting, casual, tentative. Casual, tentative, echoing. Casual, casual, echoing. ---------------------------------------- Not critical.
Meaning Meaning Meaning ---------------------------------------- Meaning
It has a pure questioning effect. It is used WH-W as Nucleus: It asks for repetition or it It can convey echo or not. ---------------------------------------- It is used to question a part or all of the
The High Bounce

to suggest continuation in final word tries to find clarification to that part of the In Straightforward Questions: it has ---------------------------------------- previous utterance and elucidate its
(Climb)

groups. question (what the WH-W concerns).
In echo statements it is used to ask for WH-W not being the Nucleus: It echoes the
repetition question made in order to clarify his mind
before answering.
In Straightforward Questions: It avoids the
appearance of prying by being tentative and
casual.
Attitude Attitude
Definite and complete, impressed, awed, Challenging, antagonistic, disclaiming
self-satisfied, complacent, smug, responsibility.
challenging, censorious, disclaiming Meaning
responsibility. It has the effect that the word but has before
The Jackknife
a casual and lighter effect. ---------------------------------------- meaning.
Short comments: It keeps the ----------------------------------------
conversation going. It has not ----------------------------------------
disapproval or scepticism effect. ----------------------------------------
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Attitude Meaning Attitude Attitude
Impressed, antagonistic, challenging. When the Fall-Rise precedes it Shrugging off Impressed.
Meaning is used for agreement. responsibility,
It shows that the speaker accepts refusing to be Meaning
what has been said and is impressed embroiled. It conveys

Meaning questions or the word though after it. by it, either favourably or not. Meaning accusation
(Rise-Fall)

It is used in echoing as a prior remark to It is used in Negative Questions used The intention of the
show impression (favourably or not). as exclamations. speaker is
It has an intensifying function as the word necessarily hostile
even. and sometimes he
It gives the impression of disclaiming rejects credits for
responsibility by putting the speaker as his acts.
an onlooker rather than a responsible
authority.