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Assume: Steady, constant property, 2-D flow of a Newtonian fluid with negligible body forces
Governing Equations:
∂u ∂v
Conservation of Mass: + =0 (1)
∂x ∂y
⎛ ∂u ∂u ⎞ ∂ 2u
Momentum Balance (x-direction): ρ ⎜u + v ⎟ = µ 2 (2)
€ ⎝ ∂x ∂y ⎠ ∂y
Solution: €
€ δ 5.0 €
Disturbance Thickness: = from η = 5.0 where u/U = 0.99
x Rex
δ * ⎛ δ * ⎞ ⎛ δ ⎞ 1.72
Displacement Thickness: € =⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟=
€ x ⎝ δ ⎠⎝ x⎠ Rex
θ ⎛ θ ⎞ ⎛ δ ⎞ 0.665
Momentum Thickness: =⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟=
€
x ⎝δ ⎠ ⎝ x ⎠ Rex
∂u ⎛ ∂f ʹ ∂η ⎞ U 0.332 ρ U 2
Wall Shear Stress: τw = µ = µU ⎜ ⎟ = µ U f ʹ (η = 0) =
∂y y =0 € ⎝ ∂η ∂y ⎠ y =0 νx Rex
τw 0.664
Friction Coefficient: cf = 1 2 =
2 ρU Rex
€
1 1 ℓ 0.664 1.328
Drag Coefficient for Friction: CD, f =
A
∫c f dA =
ℓ
∫ x=0
Rex
dx =
Reℓ
€
Blasius solution for laminar flow over a flat plate.
U u
η=y f (η) f ʹ(η) = f ʹʹ(η)
νx U
0.0 0.0000 0.0000 0.3321
0.5 € 0.0415 0.1659 € 0.3309
€ €
1.0 0.1656 0.3298 0.3230
1.5 0.3701 0.4868 0.3026
2.0 0.6500 0.6298 0.2668
2.5 0.9964 0.7513 0.2174
3.0 1.3969 0.8461 0.1614
3.5 1.8378 0.9131 0.1078
4.0 2.3059 0.9555 0.0642
4.5 2.7903 0.9795 0.0340
5.0 3.2834 0.9916 0.0159
5.5 3.7807 0.9969 0.0066
6.0 4.2798 0.9990 0.0024
6.5 4.7795 0.9997 0.0008
7.0 5.2794 0.9999 0.0002
7.5 5.7794 1.0000 0.0001
8.0 6.2794 1.0000 0.0000
4
η
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
u/ U
Dimensionless velocity profile from Blasius solution for laminar flow over a flat plate.