Bass Filter Design
Fan, Andrew Van Ryan F.
ECE/ICE/MexE Department
College of Engineering Architecture and Fine Arts
Batangas State University
Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines
Andrew0695@gmail.com
Abstract. This paper discuss about finite impulse
response filter or also known as FIR Filter. It also
focused in bass filter design at 250Hz frequency.
I. INTRODUCTION
A filter is essentially a system or network that
selectively changes the wave shape, amplitude–
frequency and/or phase-frequency characteristics of
a signal in desired manner. Common filtering
objectives are to improve the quality of a signal, to
extract information from signal or to separate two or
more signals previously combined. A digital filter is
mathematical algorithm implemented in hardware
and/or software that operates on a digital input
signal to produce a digital output signal for the
purpose of achieving a filtering objective. Digital
filters often operate on digitized analog signals or
just numbers, representing some variable, stored in
a computer memory.
Digital filtering is one of the most powerful tools of
DSP. Digital filters are capable of performing that
specifications which are extremely difficult to
achieve with an analog implementation. In addition
the characteristics of a digital filter can be easily
changed under software control. Many digital
systems use signal filtering to remove unwanted
noise to provide spectral shaping or to perform
signal detection or analysis. Two types of filters
provide these functions are finite impulse response
(FIR) filters and infinite impulse response (IIR)
filters. In actual procedure for designing digital FIR
filters first the desired filter responses are
characterized and the filter coefficient methods
values are calculated for a causal FIR filter. There
are different to find the coefficients of digital filter
from frequency specifications:
1. Fourier series method
2. The window method
Fetalvero, Analyn
ECE/ICE/MexE Department
College of Engineering Architecture and Fine Arts
Batangas State University
Alangilan, Batangas City, Philippines
Zuluetaanalyn7@gmail.com
3. Frequency sampling method
4. Optimal filter design method
A simple and efficient way to design an FIR filter is
wind 4. Hamming window ow method. In the
Window Design Method the unit impulse response
of ideal filter is obtained by applying Inverse Fourier
Transform to the ideal frequency characteristics of
digital filter. Then this unit sample response must be
truncated at some point, this process is equivalent to
multiplying it by a finite length window function.
After truncation and windowing, FFT is used to
generate the corresponding frequency response of
FIR filter. The frequency response can also be
modified by choosing different window functions.
Finite Impulse Response digital filter has strictly
exact linear phase, relatively easy to design, highly
stable, computationally intensive, less sensitive to
finite word-length effects, arbitrary amplitude-
frequency characteristic and real-time stable signal
processing requirements etc. Thus, it is widely used
in different digital signal processing applications
Window technique involves a function called
window function or apodization function which
states that if some interval is choosen, it returns with
finite non-zero value inside that interval and zero
value outside that interval. So, if the window with
choosen interval is applied on a IIR system, it will
obviously return with a finite non-zero value inside
that interval producing a FIR system and all other
value that are outside the interval will be zero. So,
We can view the finite response inside some
predefined interval
A window is a finite array consisting of coefficients
selected to satisfy the desirable requirements. While
designing digital FIR filter using window function it
is necessary to specify a window function to be used
and the filter order according to the required
specifications (selectivity and stop band
attenuation). These two requirements are function is to provide accurate type of responses
interrelated. Each function is a kind of compromise with reduced side lobes and comparatively less pass-
between the two following requirements i.e. the band and stop-band ripples.
higher the selectivity the narrower the transition
region andthe higher suppression of undesirable
spectrum the higher the stop band attenuation. Some
frequently used windows are:- II. RELATED LITERATURE

1. Rectangular window For designing FIR digital filters there are several
windows available. The order of the digital filter
must be kept as small as possible for high speed and
low power digital filters.Several Computer Aided
Design tools are available to make the digital filter
fast and power efficient. Filter design and analysis
2. Triangular window tool (FDA) is also one of the Computer Aided
Design tool available with MATLAB which enables
design of the digital filter blocks faster and more
accurate.
Subhadeep Chakraborty demonstrated a
comparative study between Blackman and hamming
3. Hanning window
window in “Advantages of Blackman Window over
Hamming Window method for designing FIR
filter”. The output response of these two windows
was compared and the results showed that Blackman
window technique is more powerful, perfect and
useful than Hamming window. Throughout the
paper it was also shown that Blackman window has
4. Hamming window more terms compared to the Hamming window.
More term in calculation indicates more accuracy in
result. There are extra cosine terms in Blackman
function. This extra term reduces the side lobes and
hence increases less losing power. For FIR low pass
filter design, there are four side lobes exist in
5. Blackman window Hamming window but for same specification and
filter order, in Blackman window, there exists only
two side lobes. Similar thing found in other filters
(high pass filter, band pass and band stop filter) and
for this reason the result and simulation both are
more accurate in Blackman window.
Alia Ahmed Eleti and Amer R. Zerek put forward a
paper “FIR Digital Filter Design By Using Windows
6. Blackman-Harris window Method With MATLAB”. The work reported in this
paper deals with Finite Impulse Response (FIR)
digital filter designed by using window method.
Also some common windows Triangular,
Hamming, Hanning and Blackaman had also been
discussed and there response was compared by
simulating these in MATLAB software. The results
of this paper shows that window method is simple to
apply and easy to understand.
These are the windows which can be used for
Shalu Pandeyet al.,introduced a paper “FIR filter
designing FIR filters. The main aim of a window
implementation and itsperformance analysis” that
illustrates practical aspects of FIR filter design. This
paper gives a short review of best windowing
technique for implementing the FIR filter and also
reviews on how to apply multirate techniques for
constructing digital FIR filter. They discussed the
windowing technique and compared the magnitude
and phase response of Bartlett window, Hamming
window and Kaiser window(Filter order= 20 & fc=
0.6). They also observed that Kaiser window shows
the best possible result than the other windowing
techniques. Process of decimation and interpolation
had also been discussed in this paper to increase or
decrease the sampling frequency.
In this method we begin with the desired
frequency response specification HD(ω ) and
determine the corresponding impulse response hd
(n). hd (n) is related to HD (ω ) by the inverse
Fourier transform relation, this method usually
called the Fourier series method.
The Blackman window sequence can be defined by:
The coefficient 012 a0 a1 a2 , , can be defined with
help of the value of  i.e,
Generally, the value of  for Blackman window is
static and it is  =0.16. Now, putting the value of 
into 012 a0 a1 a2 , , , we can achieve the actual value
of the coeficients for the Blackman window
sequences and they are,
Now, substituting the value of 012 a0 a1 a2 , , into
eqn (1.11), we get the actual equation for the
Blackman window sequence i.e.
Now, with the FIR filter can be designed with the
help of these two window technique and this can be
best viewed in the magnitude reqsponse plot which
will be shown latter.
Then to realize the FIR filter using the eqn (1.14),
the Transversal structure or simply the Direct form
structure can be used. So, using the transversal
structure, the eqn(1.14) can be realized as follows
III. METHODOLOGY
In the GUI we will take the filter button and when
click on the filter sound button than a new window
will open named filter sound. Then choose the
desired filter for denoising and enter its various
parameters namely type, order, pass-band
frequency, stop-band frequency, pass-band ripple
and stop band ripple. Then click on ‘okay’ than a
new window filtered sound will open. This window
shows filtered sound along with the graphs and
various details about the filters like Transfer
function, Step impulse and Frequency response.
IV. FIR DESIGN
Designers used fdatools in MATLAB Software to
filter the song entitled “it’s a Beautiful Day” ny
Michael Buble.
[St,Fs,nbits] =
wavread('Michael_Bubble.wav'); % Create the window vector for the
L = size(St,1); design algorithm.
T = 1/Fs; win = blackman(N+1);
t = (0:L-1)*T;
% Input signal chart S(t) to plot the Low pass filter in MATLAB. We used
subplot(2,3,1); command low to filter the bass with frequency of
plot(t,St);grid; 250Hz. The command shows below.
title('Signal S(t)')
xlabel('Time,s') % Calculate the coefficients using
the FIR1 function.
ylabel('Signal amplitude S(t)')
% BASS filter command
b = fir1(N, Fc/(Fs/2), 'low',
In this code, it shows the original song was win, flag);
transferred to a signal. The images shows below [H,w]=freqz(b,1,NFFT);
subplot(2,3,3);
plot(w(1:NFFT)*Fs/(2*pi),abs(H(1:N
FFT)));grid;
% Frequency response of the filter
title('Frequency response')
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)')
ylabel('Response factor')
axis([0 300 0 1.5]);
SL=filter(b,1,St);
sound(SL,Fs)

Fig. 1 signal of original song (It’s a beautiful day)

Fig. 3 signal for low pass Filter

Fig. 2 Signal Spectrum analysis

We choose the Blackman window technique

because it is high …….. with sampling rate of
44.1KHz ad cutoff frequency 250Hz.
% Band filter
Fs = 44100; % Sampling Frequency

N = 700; % Order
Fc = 250; % Cutoff Frequency
flag = 'scale'; % Sampling Flag
 Fig. 4 Signal Spectrum analysis
The cutoff frequency of low pass filter shows below

Next is the high pass Filter, the only need to do is

change the command ‘low’ to ‘high’ in MATLAB
because the equation is
𝑺𝑳𝟐 = 𝑺(𝒕) − 𝑺𝑳𝟏

% Calculate the coefficients using

the FIR1 function.
% BASS filter command
%sound without bass
b = fir1(N, Fc/(Fs/2), 'high', Fig. 7 Signal Spectrum analysis
win, flag);
[H,w]=freqz(b,1,NFFT); And lastly the frequency response of high pass Filter
subplot(2,3,3);
plot(w(1:NFFT)*Fs/(2*pi),abs(H(1:N
FFT)));grid;
% Frequency response of the filter
title('Frequency response')
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)')
ylabel('Response factor')
axis([0 300 0 1.5]);
SL=filter(b,1,St);
sound(SL,Fs)

Fig. 5 Frequency response for low pass filter

Fig. 8 Frequency Response

Fig. 6 signal for high pass Filter
Graphical user Interface
In command window, GUIDE Quick Start
will be opened. Guide is a set of MATLAB tools
designed to make building GUIs easier and faster.
Just as writing math in MATLAB is much like
writing it on paper, building a GUI with Guide is
much like drawing one on paper. As a result, you can
lay out a complex graphical tool in minutes. Once
your buttons and plots are in place, the Guide
Callback Editor lets you set up the MATLAB code
that gets executed when a particular button is
pressed.
 Fig.9 starter
In this section, we suggest a road map for
creating GUIs in MATLAB. Like everything Fig. 11 Original song
associated with design, this really amounts to some
suggestions about how to think, rather than a step-
by-step recipe. It’s helpful to think about the GUI
creation process as breaking into a design phase and
an implementation phase. This concept is illustrated
in the diagram below.

Fig. 12 sound without bass

Conceptual framework for GUI

Fig.13 Bass Only

Fig.10 GUI Design

 V. CONCLUSION
In this project, The main advantage of the window
method is simple to apply and simple to understand.
An important disadvantages is lack of flexibility
because both the peak passband ∂p and stop band ∂
s ripples are approximately equal, so that the
designer cannot make a passband ripple very small
or a stopband attenuation very large. So, it is clear
that Blackman window technique is more powerful
and perfect filter in all window technique.
MATLAB is better software to simulate and design
diffrerent technique in Finite impulse response Filter
design.
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