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ZF 210 TRANSMISSION
ZF - ERGOPOWER TRANSMISSION
6 WG-210
DESCRIPTION
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
OPERATION
MAINTENANCE
The converter is working according to the Trilok-System, i.e. it assumes at a high turbine
speed the characteristics, and with it the favourable efficiency of a fluid clutch.
The converter is designed according to the engine power so that the most favourable
operating conditions are existing for each installation case.
These 3 impellers are arranged in such a ring-shaped system that the fluid is streaming
through the circuit components in the indicated order.
Pressure oil from the transmission pump is constantly streaming through the converter. In
this way, the converter can fulfil its task to multiply the torque of the engine and at the
same time, the escaping oil dissipates the heat created in the converter.
The oil, which is streaming out of the pump wheel, enters the turbine wheel and is there
reversed in the direction of flow.
According to the rate of reversion, the turbine wheel and with it also the output shaft are
receiving a more or less high reaction torque. The stator (reaction member), following the
turbine, has the task to reverse the oil, which is streaming out of the turbine again, and to
deliver it with the suitable discharge direction to the pump wheel.
Due to the reversion, the stator is receiving a reaction torque.
The relation turbine torque/pump torque is called torque multiplication. This is the higher,
the greater the speed difference between pump wheel and turbine wheel will be.
Therefore, the maximum torque multiplication is created at stationary turbine wheel.
With increasing output speed, the torque multiplication is decreasing. The adaption of the
out-put speed to a certain required output torque is infinitely variable and automatically
achieved by the torque converter.
If the turbine speed has reached about 80% of the pump speed, the torque multiplication
becomes 1,0, i.e. the turbine torque becomes equal to that of the pump torque.
From this point on, the converter is working similar to a fluid clutch.
A stator freewheel serves to improve the efficiency in the upper driving range, it is backing
up the torque upon the housing in the conversion range, and is released in the clutch field.
In this way, the stator can rotate freely.
Legend:
1 = Cup spring 4 = Circuit cover/Pump wheel
2 = Plate pack 5 = Turbine wheel
3 = Stator 6 = Piston
At closed converter lock-up clutch (WK), the drag between pump wheel and turbine wheel,
and therefore the hydraulic loss in the converter is equal to „Zero“.
The converter lock-up clutch (WK) is automatically shifted by the EST-37. The speed is
picked up on the turbine side by an impulse sensor.
The pressure oil (15 + 1 bar) for the closing of the clutch WK is directed via a solenoid
shift valve to the WK. At the closing of the WK, the plate pack is com-pressed by a piston
which is movable in axial direction.
A cup spring is pushing back the piston.
STALL TESTING
Stall testing is performed to determine whether a power complaint is due to an engine
problem or transmission malfunction.
Stall speed is the maximum engine RPM attainable when the engine is at full throttle and
when the torque converter turbine is not moving, or “stalled.”
During stall test, compare actual engine speed at full throttle stall with established engine
manufacturer’s specifications
STALL TEST PROCEDURE
To bring oil temperature up to stall testing temperature:
1. Ensure that all oil levels are correct.
2. Place chocks in-front and behind wheels.
3. Ensure that no person is working on or under the machine.
4. Start the engine and let it idle.
5. Apply the park brake.
6. Let the air pressure build up until the low air pressure buzzer goes off.
7. Converter out temperature must be watched .
8. Push brake pedal down and keep it down.
9. Select 6th gear.
10. Push accelerator pedal until engine is running at 1000RPM and keep at this RPM for
no longer than 20 seconds.
11. Remove foot from accelerator pedal and select neutral.
12. Push accelerator until engine is running at 1000RPM and keep there for no longer
than 10-15 seconds.
13. Remove foot from accelerator pedal.
14. Repeat steps 9 to 14 until the converter temperature reaches 45 degrees Celsius,
then repeat steps 9 to 14 but taking the engine RPM up to maximum.
15. Repeat steps 9 to 15 until converter temperature is more than 100 degrees Celsius
(212 ºF), but not exceeding 125 degrees Celsius (275 ºF) and sump oil temperature is
more than 40 °C (104 °F) but not less than 80 °C (176 °F).
CLUTCHES
The multi-speed reversing transmission in countershaft design is power shiftable by
hydraulically actuated multi-disk clutches. All gears are constantly meshing and carried on
antifriction bearings. The gear wheels, bearings and clutches are cooled and lubricated
with oil. The 6-speed transmission is equipped with 6 multi-disk clutches.
At the shifting, the actual plate pack is compressed by a piston, movable in axial direction,
which is pressurized by pressure oil. A compression spring takes over the pushing back of
the piston, thus the release of the plate pack. As to the layout of the transmission as well
as the specifications of the closed clutches.
The chart below shows the clutches engaged in there respective gears:
DIRECTION GEAR CLUTCHES ENGAGED
FORWARD 1ST K1 KV
2ND K4 K1
3RD K2 KV
4TH K4 K2
5TH K3 KV
6TH K4 K3
REVERSE 1ST KR K1
2ND KR K2
3RD KR K3
NEUTRAL
INTERAXLE DIFFERENTIAL
Description:
The differential, installed in the output, has the task to transmit different torques on
the
vehicle axles and to function as intermediate compensation in the driving direction
(longitudinal directional of the vehicle).
Due to the installed differential lock, both functions can be put out of service, and a
rigid connection between the axle can be created.
The interaxle lock is enguaged by a an electrical switch on the dashboard. This
intern activates an asco-valve, allowing air to enter the piston and engage the inter-
axle lock.
Function:
The planetary drive (differential) is designed in such a way that the external internal
gear will be driven. The output is produced via the planet carrier (4) – great lever arm
– and via the internal sun gear (6) – small lever arm. Due to these different lever
arms (diameter), a torque splitting of 1 : 2 is given in the actual case as follows:
- Front axle 1/3
- Rear axle 2/3
Due to the special arrangement of the planetary gears (2 and 3) - Ravignaux-System
– the required inversion takes place within the planetary drive, so that both output
(planet carrier and sun gear are running in the same direction of rotation.
If an axle of the vehicle is showing slip, a rigid connection between the vehicle axles
can be created by the differential lock.
In this condition, a torque output of 1:1 is produced.
The inter-axle differential lock switch operates the differential lock in the transfer
case.
! CAUTION: The differential lock must not be engaged when the machine is
moving. This will cause damage to the differential. Inter-axle Differential Lock
Control Engaging the Inter-axle Differential Lock
Legend
VA = Output Front axle (converter-side)
HA = Output Rear axle
D = Engagement and disengagement Differential lock
1 = K3-Spur gear – Input
3 = Planetary gear (Ravignaux-System inner hole circle)
4 = Planet carrier
5 = Screening plate
6 = Sun gear
7 = Output shaft to the Front axle (converter-side)
8 = Internal gear
COPYRIGHT REFERENCE PAGE
BELL TRAINING 2000 ZF 14
ADT B30C
ZF 210 TRANSMISSION
The six clutches of the transmission are selected via the 6 proportional valves P1 to
P6. The proportional valve (pressure regulator unit) is composed of pressure
regulator (e.g. Y6), follow-on slide and vibration damper.
The control pressure of 9 bar for the actuation of the follow-on slides is created by
the pressure reducing valve. The hydraulic oil (16+2 bar) is directed via the follow-on
slide to the respective clutch. Due to the direct proportional selection with separate
pressure modulation for each clutch, the pressures to the clutches, which are
engaged in the gear change, will be controlled. In this way, a hydraulic intersection of
the clutches to be engaged and disengaged becomes possible.
This is creating spontaneous shiftings without traction force interruption. At the gear
change, the following criteria will be considered:
- Speed of engine, turbine, central gear train and output.
- Transmission temperature.
- Shifting mode (up-, down-, reverse shifting and speed engagement out of Neutral).
- Load condition (full and part load, traction, overrun inclusive consideration of load
cyclesduring the gear change).
The main pressure valve is limiting the max. control pressure to 16+2 bar and
releases the main flow to the converter and lubricating circuit.
In the inlet to the converter, a converter safety valve is installed which protects the
converter from high internal pressures (opening pressure 11 bar).
Within the converter, the oil serves to transmit the power according to the well-known
hydro-dynamic principle.
To avoid cavitation, the converter must be always completely filled with oil.This is
achieved by a converter pressure back-up valve, rear-mounted to the converter, with
an opening pressure of about 4,3 bar. The oil, escaping out of the converter, is
directed to a heat exchanger. From the heat exchanger, the oil is directed to the
transmission and there to the lubricating oil circuit so that all lubricating points are
supplied with cooled oil.
The transmission control valve assembly regulates the hydraulic control circuit of the
transmission. The control valve receives electrical signals from the transmission
controller to energize the proportional solenoids which direct oil to move the booster
valves. When the booster valves are shifted against the spring, oil pressure begins
to start modulation and fill the oncoming pack.
The pressure regulating valve is a spring-loaded spool valve which regulates main
pressure oil by controlling flow into the control circuit. Excess oil from the control
circuit flows to the torque converter.
Main pressure oil flows to the solenoid pressure reducing valve. The pressure valve
provides a constant oil pressure to the proportional solenoids and is not affected by
shift modulation. The solenoid pressure reducing valve is not adjustable.
The six proportional solenoid valves direct oil to the booster valves to provide
machine direction, speed selection and shift modulation. The transmission controller
sends a varying electrical signal tot he proportional solenoids which controls the
speed of clutch engagement during a shift. All of the proportional solenoid valves
are identical.
The dampening valves act as an accumulator in the control circuit. Any pressure
spikes will be absorbed by the dampening valve which allows for smooth and quiet
operation of the booster valves. All dampening valves and springs are identical.
Two clutch packs have to be engaged for the machine to move. One directional
clutch pack, either forward and fourth speed clutch or reverse and one speed clutch
pack, either first, second or third speed clutch.
The transmission controller will vary the clutch modulation according to a number of
speed and load factors. Therefore if clutch modulation is checked in a test condition
with the machine stopped and the transmission in stalled condition, the clutch
modulation will be different than normal operation.
The proportional solenoids control both the rate of engagement and disengagement
of clutches. This provides the optimum timing of the engaging and disengaging
clutches. This provides a smooth shift between each gear under all operating
conditions.
In neutral-to-1st forward shift only, the forward clutch is modulated. The same is true
for the reverse shift, only the reverse clutch is modulated. In all of the speed
changes in forward and reverse only the on-coming clutch is modulated.
CONTROLLER
VTS-3
The gear shift control is located on the right side of the cab. The gear shift control
comprises of the gear shift control lever (2), the automatic/manual selector
button (1) and the gear selection identification plate (3).
The selector button is used to switch between manual and automatic modes.
The gear selection identification plate is a graphical representation of the gear shift
gate.
• V (Forward), is used to select a forward gear.
• N (Neutral), is used to select neutral gear.
• R (Reverse), is used to select a reverse gear.
Gear Shifting
Gear shifting in automatic is dependent upon engine speed (rev/min) and operating
conditions (on site conditions).
The selected reverse gears will be indicated on the Transmission display screen.
! CAUTION: Do not continually select from 1st forward to reverse as this will
cause damage to the transmission.
VTS - 3 SCHEMATIC
DISPLAY
linke rechte
h f e d Stelle Stelle
S
T
O
P
a b c g
(Sonderzeichenelemente a-h)
LEGEND
Special Display
characters
a, f Automatic range (up shifting and downshifting)
b, c, d, e Pre-selected gear
g EST-37 has detected an error, is flashing.
h This Special character will not be used at the EST-37
On the two alphanumeric 16-segment displays, the EST-37 issues the actual status
of gear and driving direction.
Left position: Actual gear
Right position: Actual driving direction
Warning display:
At exceeding the warning threshold Temperature – Sump / Retarder / behind the
Converter and the warning threshold Speed – Engine, changes the indication on the
Display to the actual gear and the corresponding
warning indicator.
⇒ If several warnings are simultaneously active, only the warning with the
highest priority will be indicated.
Warning indicator Warning Priority
WR Temp. behind Retarder 1
WT Temp. behind Converter 1
WS Temperature in Sump 2
WE Engine speed 3
Display EE:
Indication on the Display: EE (central and right Side).In this state, the Display has a
timeout, i. e. it receives no Data from the EST-37. Main reasons:
- EST-37 is in TOTAL RESETTING MODE (e.g. because of output train
disconnection or external power supply at the lines to the gear-solenoid
valves). - EST-37 without supply - Data line not correctly connected, etc.
Error code definition:
The error codes are composed of two hexadecimal numbers. The first number
indicates the kind of signal, the second number the signal and the kind of
error.
⇒ Since there are different Software versions for the Customers, the listing of the
error codes must be taken from the Documentation of the Vehicle Manufacturer.
The basic functions of the automatic system are the automatic shifting of speeds,
adaption of the optimum shifting points, the comfortable kickdown function as well as
comprehensive safety functions in relation to operating errors and overloading of the
power-transmitting components with a comprehensive fault storage. The control
units can be programmed – customer- and vehicle-specific – in a wide spectrum,
control parameters can be logically linked, and also special functions such as gear
limitation, converter or retarder functions can be integrated.
⇒ Due to the great number of the available TCU, the exact Technical Data
must be taken from the respective installation drawing.
The filling parameters are stored, together with the ABE-Program and the driving
program in the transmission electronics. Because the Electronics will be separately
supplied, the AEB-Cycle must be started only after the installation of both
components in the vehicle, thus ensuring the correct mating (Transmission and
Electronics).
⇒ At any rate, the AEB-Cycle must be carried out at the Vehicle Manufacturer prior
to the commissioning of the vehicles.
⇒ For the start of the AEB-Cycle, there are principally two possibilities:
1. Start of the AEB by separate Tools which are connected on the diagnostic port
of the wiring. Following Tools for the AEB start will be offered by the ZF Service.:
- Mobidig 2001 (see Point 5.2 – Diagnostic systems)
Testmann (see Point 5.3 – Diagnostic systems)
From the Version 7** on, the AEB can be started with the Tools Laptop and
MOBIDIG 2001.
From the Version 812 on, the AEB can be started with the Tools Laptop, MOBIDIG
2001 and the AEB-Starter.
No DESCRIPTION VALUE
48 INDUCTIVE TRANSMITTER RESISTANCE : 1050 Ohm ( ±10%) @20°C.
ENGINE TEMPERATURE RANGE : - 40° C TO +150° C
47 INDUCTIVE TRANSMITTER TIGHTENING TORQUE : MA 40 Nm
CENTRAL GEAR TRAIN.
21 INDUCTIVE TRANSMITTER
TURBINE
6 SPEED SENSOR TEMPERATURE RANGE : - 40° C TO +150° C
OUTPUT AND SPEEDOMETER OPERATING RANGE: 2Hz – 5Khz
SUPPLY VOLTAGE 24V
TPS
The ZF throttle position sensor (TPS) for the 6WG210 transmission, used on the
B30C, 300C and 2808C does not get set up using any electrical instruments such as
the Allison Pro-link. The setup of the TPS is purely visual.
See diagrams on following page
With the engine off, the arm coming off the TPS, Item 9 on Page 3 of 6, must be
set to work between the two raised points labeled low and high on the TPS.
To achieve the above the indicator pin on the arm needs to be aligned center to
center with the raised sections on the TPS. Failure to do so will have an adverse
effect on the shift quality of the transmission and if badly set will result in error
codes being shown on the display in the cab.
To set the low idle position the rod ends on Items 11 and 10 on Page 3 of 6 and
the height at which Item 11 is attached to the arm on the TPS needs to be
adjusted.
To set the high idle position the same points as mentioned above can be
adjusted however, ensuring that the low idle position does not go out. Also it
must be ensured that when setting the high idle that the accelerator pedal is up
against the kick down switch in the cab, but not engaging it, at high idle.
NOTE : When setting the low idle and high idle positions it must be ensured that
the RPMs a these points comply to those stipulated in Service Bulletin
2000/006
Once all the above points have been completed ensure that at idle the TPS is in
the position as shown in Figure 1 on Page 5 of 6 and at high idle in the position
as shown in Figure 2 on Page 6 of 6.
TPS
KICKDOWN
The kick-down switch (1) is located under the accelerator pedal. To activate the kick-
down switch the accelerator pedal must be pressed down fully. The switch is used
when a lower gear is required while using the automatic transmission mode.
GENERAL
Check the Transmission Fluid Level
Always check the fluid level at least twice. If the readings are not consistent, check
and clean the transmission breather. There are two methods for checking the
transmission fluid level, they are as follows:
• The dipstick check when the transmission fluid is cold.
• The dipstick check when the transmission fluid is hot.
Dipstick Check - Transmission Fluid COLD (Cold Check)
The Cold Check determines if the transmission has sufficient fluid to be operated
safely until a Hot Check can be made.
! CAUTION: DO NOT start the engine until the presence of transmission fluid
has been confirmed.
A cold check must be performed before start-up and the presence of sufficient
transmission fluid has been confirmed. The sump fluid temperature is then
typically16°C to 49°C (60°F to 120°F )
• Ensure that the transmission is in Neutral (N). reading.
• Unscrew and remove the dipstick (1) from the tube and wipe clean.
• Clean the end of the tube before inserting the dipstick.
• Insert the dipstick into the tube and remove to check the fluid level.
• Repeat the check procedure to verify the reading.
• If the fluid level is within the “Cold (1) and Hot (2)” band the transmission may be
operated until the fluid is hot enough to perform a “Hot Check”.
• If the fluid level is not within the “Cold and Hot “band, add or drain transmission
fluid as necessary to bring it within the band.
! CAUTION
1. The fluid level rises as the fluid temperature increases. DO NOT fill above
the “Hot” mark if the transmission fluid is below normal operating
temperatures. Normal operating temperature is 71°° C to 93°° C (160°° C to
200°° C ). The oil level at 80°° C (176°° F ) is valid and must not be exceeded.
2. The transmission must not be operated for extended periods until a “Hot
Check” has verified proper fluid level.
Dipstick Check - Transmission Fluid HOT (Hot Check)
The Hot Check verifies proper fluid level. Ensure that the transmission fluid has
reached normal operating temperature; 71°C to 93°C (160°F to 200°F )
NOTE:Check the transmission fluid temperature on the master display
unit.
°C
COPYRIGHT REFERENCE PAGE
BELL TRAINING 2000 ZF 39
ADT B30C
ZF 210 TRANSMISSION
• Ensure that the machine is parked on a level surface and the park/emergency
brake is applied.
• Allow the engine to run at idle (500 to 700 rev/min.) in N (Neutral).
• Unscrew and remove the dipstick (1) from the tube and wipe clean.
• Clean the end of the tube before inserting the dipstick.
• Insert the dipstick into the tube and remove to check the fluid level.
• Repeat the check procedure to verify the reading.
NORMAL:
There’s no failure detected in the transmission-system or the failure has no or slight
effects on transmission control. TCU will work without or in special cases with little
limitations. (see following table)
SCHEMATICS:
COPYRIGHT REFERENCE PAGE
BELL TRAINING 2000 ZF 40
ADT B30C
ZF 210 TRANSMISSION
TCU can’t change the gears or the direction under the control of the normal clutch
modulation. TCU uses the substitute strategy for clutch control. All modulations are
only time controlled. (Comparable with EST 25)
LIMP-HOME:
The detected failure in the system has strong limitations to transmission control.
TCU can engage only one gear in each direction. In some cases only one direction
will be possible. TCU will shift the transmission into neutral at the first occurrence of
the failure. First, the operator must shift the gear selector into neutral position.
If output speed is less than a threshold for neutral to gear and the operator shifts the
gear selector into forward or reverse, the TCU will select the limp-home gear.
If output speed is less than a threshold for reversal speed and TCU has changed into
the limp-home gear of the selects a shuttle shift, TCU will shift immediately into the
limp-home gear of the selected direction. If output speed is greater than the
threshold, TCU will shift the transmission into neutral. The operator has to slow
down the vehicle and must shift the gear selector into neutral position.
TRANSMISSION-SHUTDOWN:
TCU has detected a severe failure that disables control of the transmission.
TCU will shut off the solenoid valves for the clutches and also the common power
supply (VPS1).Transmission shifts to Neutral. The park brake will operate normally,
also the other functions which use ADM 1 to ADM 8.The operator has to slow down
the vehicle. The transmission will stay in neutral.
TCU-SHUTDOWN:
TCU has detected a severe failure that disables control of system.TCU will shut off
all solenoid valves and also both common power supplies (VPS1, VPS2). The park
brake will engage, also all functions are disabled which use ADM 1 to ADM 8.
The transmission will stay in neutral.
CABLE: