Direcția Generală Educație, Tineret și Sport

Liceul Teoretic ,,Ion Creangă’’

Scientific-Practical Conference ,,Muncă, Talent, Cutezanță’’

Section: English Language

Subject: Airlines in our days

Realised by: Neagu Danu

Teacher: Dănilă Dorina
Chișinău, 2018
Table of contents
Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................3
Objectives: ..........................................................................................................................................3
General information about aviation..................................................................................................3
Is flying expensive? ............................................................................................................................... 4
Fuel .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Crew costs ......................................................................................................................................... 4
Airport take-off and landing fees. .................................................................................................... 4
Taxes .................................................................................................................................................. 4
Airplane Maintenance ...................................................................................................................... 5
Non-flying part of flying ................................................................................................................... 5
Total .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................... 5
How budget airlines work .................................................................................................................... 6
Budget airlines in America ............................................................................................................... 6
How do they work............................................................................................................................. 6
Flight attendants ............................................................................................................................... 7
Airports ............................................................................................................................................. 8
Point to point model......................................................................................................................... 8
Ticketing ........................................................................................................................................... 8
The five freedoms of aviation ............................................................................................................... 9
Second freedom of Aviation ............................................................................................................. 9
First freedom of Aviation. ................................................................................................................. 9
Third and fourth freedom of aviation ............................................................................................. 10
Fifth right ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Sixth right(unofficial) ...................................................................................................................... 10
The Seventh, Eight and Ninth Freedoms of the Air ........................................................................ 11
Flight attendants’ importance in airlines ........................................................................................... 12
Responsabilities ............................................................................................................................... 13
Requirements and benefits of being a cabin crew in different airlines ......................................... 14
Popularity of flying and flight attendant’s career among stundents ................................................. 15
(Revenue of commercial airlines worldwide from 2003 to 2018 (in billion U.S. dollars)* ............ 16
Oldest flight attendant in the world ................................................................................................... 19
Annexes ................................................................................................................................................ 21
 Introduction

Nowadays, people don’t know much about airlines and for most of them an
airline is associated with flying from one point to another or either expensive
fares. Airlines are a complex business to investigate, but in this work i
diveded this topic into 2 part: airlines as a business (,,back’’ things that
ordinary customers don’t know, for what you pay when traveling and how
airlines work in term of money) and airlines as customer related field of
work. When people search for a ticket, all that they think about is that airlines
offer exaggerated prices, that is 50% true but there are always alternatives
depending of your conditions to travel. Also customers think of flight
attendants are waiters in air and don’t know that flight attendants can save
their life.

With my presentation i want to demonstrate that we can find cheaper fares

everywhere, but we need to focus not only on our regional air transportation,
but also to be informed about alternatives as low-cost airlines and cheaper
airport, for example in Romania. I am passionate about travelling, aircrafts
and especialy about flight attendant life because i want to became one to
travel the world and interact with customers. I want to spread the real
information about flight attendants, to demonstrate that on-board service is
not the main part of this job and to reveal the real importance of a flight
attendant on board and also to compare the requirements for being a cabin
crew of three different airlines.

Objectives:

1. Explaining for what we pay when we travel with a plane.

2. To show how work low-cost airlines and why they have cheaper fares.
3. To explain the Five Freedoms of Aviation.
4. Make a comparison between Emirates, Wizz Air and Lufthansa
requirements and benefits of being a flight attendant.
5. Make an poll to analyze the knowledge of students referring flight
attendant life/requirements and obligations.
6. Conclusion
General information about aviation
Civil aviation includes all non-military flight and scheduled air transport.
Until the 1970s, most major airlines were flag carriers, sponsored by their
governments and heavily protected from competition. Since then, open
skies agreements have resulted in increased competition and choice for
consumers, coupled with falling prices for airlines. At the same time, low-
cost carriers such as Ryanair, Southwest and Westjet have flourished.

Is flying expensive?

The Airbus A320 Neo can carry 6400 gallons of fuel, that’s the equivalent
of 376 fully tanked Toyota Camry’s. For flying 213 miles from New York to
Washington DC, our plane need 317 gallons of fuel. With that amount, our
Toyota Camry could drive fron New York to Los Angeles 49 times, but we
need to consider that a Toyota seats 5 persons, but and A320 seats 154
people.
Fuel
So, assuming that our plane is fully loaded, it now has a per person fuel
efficiency of 104.7 mpg. According to the Bureau of Transport Statistics
airlines pay on average only $1.24 per gallon. So flying for New York to DC,
you personally only use $2.50 worth of fuel, but why a ticket costs upwards
of $80?
Crew costs
First thing we can add to our ticket prices is crew-costs, so $240(for 2 pilots
and 4 flight attendants) / 154(fully loaded plane) = $1.50 per person.
Airport take-off and landing fees.
Next thing are airport taxes. New York’s John.F.Kennedy Airport charges
$6.33 per thousand pounds of airplane taking off. Our plane weights 172.000
pounds, so 172.000 x $6.33=$1089/154=$7.00 per person(including gates,
boarders and other airport resources) + $7.00 to Dulles Aiport in Washington
for landing fee, in total $13.50.
Taxes
There’s a bunch of different taxes and they all vary by country, so for the
sake of simplicity i will just cover the ones for the US. The Simpletest tax is
the Domestic Passenger Ticket Tax at 7.5% of the ticket price($6.00) that
goes to Federal Aviation Administration plus the Domestic Flight Segment
Tax around $4.00. The US Departament of Homeland Security charges $5.60
tax called 9/11 security fee and in total $15.60.
Airplane Maintenance
Airplanes are expensive, our plane costs $107.000.000 and the service life
for airplanes is not actually determined by flying time, but by flight cycle that
means one flight and how many times a plane was pressurized. Our A320 can
fly up to 60.000 cycles, so if we divede the total cost of the plane by flight
cycles, we get $1783 per flight and dived per person it’s $11.5. To keep this
plane safe, airlines have to perform regular maintenance, for a hour flight,
airline has to do maintenance that will cost $646 in labor, $276 in parts, $603
in inspections and $596 in engine restoration, that’s $2121 in total or $14.00
per person.
Non-flying part of flying
Every flight is operated by an airlines which is a businees that has costs in.
They need to pay their staff including administrators, executives, engineers
and so on. It’s hard to say exactly how much per person this works out to, but
i will estimate it to $10.
Total
Our total is $68.6 and i will estimate to $70 to cover small things as(plane
insurance, plane storage, airport staff). That means that there is a profit of
$10, but keep in minde that all costs are made on a fully loaded plane.
Conclusions
Is flying expensive? Well it depends, but it is getting cheaper. To fly across
US from New York to Los Angeles in 6 hours cost $340 round trip. To drive
our fuel efficient Cambry across the country in 40 hours costs $340 just for
fuel and additional $200 in maintenance and depreciation costs. In the past 30
years, the average inflation adjusted airfare dropped by 50% and it’s still
dropping . In 1974 it was illegal to fly for NY to L.A for less that $1442 and
now we can find this less that $200. One of the reason for dropping prices are
rise of efficient airplanes have driven down the cost of flying
 How budget airlines work
Budget airlines work in North America, South Africa, India, Asia and
plenty of other places, budget airlines were really first successful in
Europe and that’s where they are still proeminen today.
Budget airlines in America
The way that budget airlines reduce the cost of a ticket is much more
visible than in US. Budget airlines in the US might be 10 or 20% less
expensive than thei traditional competitors.

Budget airlines in Europe

While in Europe, budget airlines are more authentic because a fare on a

budget airline might only cost half or a third of what you would pay to
a normal airline.

(Price comparing on route Edinburgh to London Stansted between Ryanair (low cost airline) and British
Airways(national career of UK))

How do they work

Budget airlines essentially take every expensive part of the flight and make
it less expensive. The most essential thing an airlines needs is airplanes and it
is possible to spend less on those. Following 9/11, the growth of air travel
stalled and most airlines were simply fighting to survive. Meanwhile, Ryanair
was thriving and places a massive order of 151 737’s from Boeing at
unbelievably low-prices, so placing large orders gives you bulk discount.
Majority of European’s budget airlines have young fleet, because it saves fuel
efficiency. Budget airlines usually operate one type of airplanes, for example
Ryanair operates 737, EasyJet operated A320 and Wizz Air operates A320
and A321. Having only one type of aircrafts means that staff need to be
trained on one type of aircraft which saves an enormous amount of money
and time. Also, budget airlines will often avoid luxuries to keep costs down
for example Ryanair seats don’t recline and don’t have seatback pockets
because it increases the initial purchase price and requires more maintenance.

Flight attendants
Flight attendants on budget airlines are often in the beginning of thei careers
and receive little training, of course they will get the required safety training
but only minimal hospitality training. They also serves multiple roles while
on the ground, so someone can be at the gates while others clean the airplane
and through this, the airlines eliminates 3-4 position that thet regularly would
pay for. Also on-board service can be an excellent way for the airlines to
make money, as they are never free.
Airports
You will never see Ryanair fly to London Heathrow or Paris Charles de
Gaulle because this airports are expensive, instead they fly to Gatwick,
Stansted or Luton in London or Beauvais in Paris, which is 80-minutes bus
ride away from Paris and even it’s not located in Paris, so budget airlines are
the only that are flying out of an airport like this which gives them a huge
negotiation power. Often they will take a small regional airport away from
city and rebrand it as another city airport and they can ask for lower landing
and takeoff prices, and if the airport doesn’t comply they will leave and the
airport will essentially cease to exist.
Point to point model
Most traditional airlines have hubs where most of all their flights go in and
out. British Airwars has London, Air France has Paris, KLM has Amsterdam.
To get to most places on these airlines, you have to connect through their
hubs, budget airlines, on the other hand, try to have a lot of destinations from
everywhere. For example, to get from Iasi to Amsterdam you need to connect
through Bucuresti Otopeni International Airport on TAROM, but to get from
Iasi to Thessaloniki, Greece you have a direct flight with Wizz Air.
Ticketing
Speaking of ticketing, there is often no way to get a real ticket from a real
person on a budget airline, for example Ryanair charges 30 EUR if you fail to
print your boarding pass at home and EasyJet and some of others carriers
have almost their check-in’s handled by machines, that cuts down on
personnel costs.
The five freedoms of aviation
Behind any flight there are more than one century of political negotiation, accords
and documents that dictate who, how and where airlines can fly. The beginning of
aviation agreements came with the 1944 Chicago Convention on International
Civil Aviation. This convention established the International Civil Aviation
Organization. This organization is recognized by every country worldwide expect
for Liechtenstein, Dominican Republic and Tuvalu. After ICAO launched 5
fundamental rights of aviation, known as Five Freedoms of the Air. Each freedom
has varying levels of acceptance, but every developed country offers this rights to
certain airlines.

First freedom of Aviation.

The right to fly over a foreign country
without landing.
Pretty much all commercial airlines are
allowed to do this, but there are
exceptions for example, EU has a huge
list of unsafe airlines that are not
allowed to flight over EU (All airlines
from Afghanistan, Libya, Nepal and
others country).
Flight Example: Air Moldova flight 9U
175 from Chisinau to Moscow, crossing
Ukraine.

Second freedom of Aviation

The right to refuel or carry out maintenance in a foreign country
without embarking or disembarking passengers or cargo, for example a
flight from Ethiopia to North America, stopping in Ireland for fuel, Ethiopian
flies from Addis Ababa to Los Angeles, stopping in Dublin for fuel, without
loading and unloading passengers and cargo.

Third and fourth freedom of aviation

The third and fourth freedoms allow basic international service between two
countries. The right to fly from one's own country to another, for example a
flight from New Zealand to Japan, flown by a New Zealand airline. Air New
Zealand, a New Zealand airline, flies flight NZ 99 from Auckland to Tokyo
Narita.
Fifth right
The fifth freedom allows an airline to carry revenue traffic between foreign
countries as a part of services connecting the airline's own country.It is the
right to carry passengers from one's own country to a second country, and
from that country to a third country (and so on). An example of a fifth
freedom traffic right is an Emirates flight in 2004 from Dubai to Brisbane,
Australia and onward to Auckland, New Zealand, where tickets can be sold
on any sector.Fifth freedom traffic rights are intended to enhance
theeconomic viability of an airline's long haul routes, but tend to be viewed
by local airlines and governments as potentially unfair competition.
Sixth right(unofficial)
It may be strange that there is a sixth freedom in the Five Freedoms of
Aviation, but there are actually nine total freedoms, but only 5 are accepted
officially in the ICAO’s treaty. While freedoms 6-9 are widely accepted, they
are not as universal as the sixth freedom.
 The Sixth Freedom of Aviation is actually unbelievably common. It’s the
right for an airline to transport passengers form one foreign country to
another via their own country. For example Air France taking passengers
from New York to Dubai via Paris or Korean Air operating their flight from
Frankfurt to Tokyo via Seoul. There are many airlines that operate almost
exclusively using this freedom. Wow Airlines and Icelandair take passengers
from North America to Europe via Reykjavik and Turkish, Qatar, Etihad and
Emirates airlines take passengers mostly between Europe, Africa and Asia
via their Middle Eastern hubs. While each of there airlines do have some
passengers only taking a direct flight their hub, the vast majority of their
traffic is connecting due to their geographical positions between countries.

(Wowair Travel Map)

The Seventh, Eight and Ninth Freedoms of the Air

This three freedoms are quite similar and often come together. The seventh
freedom allows an airline to fly between two foreign countries without
continuing their route to it’s home, the eight freedom is the right for an
airline to fly between two cities in a foreign country when continuing on to
its own country and the ninth freedom is the right for an airline to fly
between two points in a foreign country without continuing on to its own
country.
 It’s rare for this freedom to be common, except for in the EU because
European Union has a single aviation market, that means any airlines
registered in any EU country is allowed to fly between, to and from any
airport in the EU. Low cost airline thrive on this freedoms and for example
Ryanair is registered in Dublin, Ireland this airlines is allowed to fly routed
like Edinburgh to London, Bucharest to Timisoara and other routes in foreign
EU countries. Ryanair is allowed to fly between two foreign countries, for
example from Bucharest to Brussels and also from an EU country to a
foreign country like from Barcelona to Fez, Morocco.

(Ryanair Travel Map, flight from Stockholm. Cities that are marked as red are Ryanair hubs)

Aviation is a very politically charged and complicated subject, but these

freedoms do a great job to simplify and standardize airline regulations
wordwide.

Flight attendants’ importance in airlines

My dream job is to be an flight attendant. I have been dreaming for 3 years so far
and for me it’s important that people to know the real importance of an flight
attendant.
 Flight attendants are the first persons that a customer get acknowledged with the
company, so basically a flight attendant is the face of the company and depending
on his/her hospitality, a passenger form an opinion on an airline. An aircraft can’t
take off without crew. Firstly, cabin crew assure safety of passengers during their
flight following comfort and meal service that are a part of customer service.

Responsabilities
1. Briefing(before every flight crew meets for a briefing. Briefing is a meeting
where the crew meets, analyze flight information, they go over safety
checklists).
2. Check emergency equipments(oxygen masks, vests, first aid kits).
3. Assist the cabin between flights(flight attendants don’t clean the cabin,
there is a special service in airport, but they are still involved in cleaning the
aircraft, for example flight attendants clean the toilet, make sure the water
flush and flows from the tap).
4. Depending on the aircraft type crew demonstrate the use of safety and
emergency equipment.
5. According first aid(to help a person with a bleeding nose, illness, intoxicated
or anxiety striken passengers, also they are teached an emergency training
that includes rejected takeoffs, emergency landings, cardiac and in-flight
medical situations, smoke in the cabin, fires, depressurization, on-board
births and deaths, dangerous goods and spills in the cabin,
emergency evacuations, hijackings, and water landings).
6. Serving meals or sometimes sell goods on board.
7. Ensure all passengers have seatbelts fastened and ensure other safety
requirements are met.

(A flight attendant perform safety instructions before take-off)

Requirements and benefits of being a cabin crew in different airlines

Requirments:  Minimum age: 18  Minimum age: 18

 At least 21 years of years old ! years.
age at the time of  General university
 Minimum height for
joining entrance
ladies 1.65m and for
 Arm reach of 212 qualification or
men 1.75m
cm while standing completed
on tiptoes vocational training  Arm reach of 210cm
 Minimum height  For Austrian
 Minimum high
of 160 cm applicants,
school degree
 High school completion of
graduate (Grade military or civil  Fluent English both
12) service ! written and spoken,
 Fluency in  Unrestricted work additional CEE
English (written permit for Austria ! language knowledge
and spoken)  Very good spoken
 Valid passport
 No visible tattoos and written
without limitations
while you’re in German and
Emirates cabin English language  Tattoos are
crew uniform skills acceptable on parts
(cosmetic and  Well-groomed of the body covered
bandage appearance ! by uniform.
coverings aren’t Good manners !
Able to work in a  Ability to swim
allowed)
 Can adapt to new team  Live within 60
people, new minutes of your
places and new chosen base
situations
 Customer service
 Physically fit for
experience will be an
this demanding
advantage
role
 If you wear glasses or
contact lenses and
your prescription are
above +4 or below -4
you are likely to fail
the mandatory
medical examination
Benefits:
Travelling becomes
more than a part of the
job, it becomes a
lifestyle and company’s
concessional travel
tickets make it easier to
explore new cities
outside of layovers.
Basic Monthly Salary:
4260AED
Flying Pay: 58
AED/hour(80-100 hours
per month)
Approximate average
monthly:
9500AED(2115EUR)
Layover Expenses:
Meal allowances are
provided in the currency
of the country of night
stop as well as transport
from and to airport
Others: Free
accommodation,
discounts on tickets for
family and friends as
well as in restaurant,
salons and hotels
worldwide
Popularity of flying and flight attendant’s career among stundents
Aviation industry is a well-growing business and every day it involves more and
more people, according to IATA (International Air Transportation Association) by
2035 it is expected 7.2 billion, a near doubling of the 3.8 billion air travelers in 2016,
China and Asia Pacific being the first-growing markets in terms of passengers and
routes.
 High-quality  Competitive salary
training to become
 Stable job in rapidly
a Flight Attendant
developing company
 Starting salary
(including  Friendly and
allowances): multicultural work
€21,000 per year environment
 Duty location:
 Career opportunities
Vienna Airport
 A diverse job with  Complete and free
an international Cabin Crew training
group
 Employees and their
 Professional work
families and friends
environment
have the opportunity
 Flexible working
to travel with
hours
discounted rates and
 Special terms for
on bonus airline
employee tickets
tickets
 Free uniform
including cleaning  Colorful lifestyle
 Free use of the CAT
 Work is according to
and Vienna Airport
a duty roster
Lines
(schedule) published
 Vacation: 5 weeks
monthly
per year
 (Revenue of commercial airlines worldwide from 2003 to 2018 (in billion U.S. dollars)*

I decided to make a poll among students on their knowledge about flight

attendants and flying to prove that this industry isn’t yet popular in our country,
even though the majority of interviewed respond with ,,Yes’’ on the question if
they have ever flown, they don’t know what are the main flight attendant’s duties
and importance on board of an aircraft.

The total number of the interviewed: 60 people(aged from 14 to 17).

 On the first question, ,,Have you ever flown’’ 39 out of 60 answered with ,,Yes’’
and 21 responded with ,,No’’ meaning that the majority of asked people have flown
minimum once in their life. This shows that flying is spread among students and
the most common reason for people aged from 14 to 17 is leisure, followed by
travelling and personal issues.

57 out of 60 enjoyed their experience during the flight thanks to successful

customer service offered by cabin crews, the experience itself of flying and comfort
on board. For airlines, customer satisfaction is very important, so the majority of
airlines offer to their employees during the training a quite good enlightenment
concerning hospitality.

The majority of people answered with ,,No’’(27 out of 39) at the question if they
would like to become a flight attendant. This is because of the reason that flight
attendant job isn’t popular among the jobs that are required on market nowadays
as economists, lawyers or doctors.

On the question on which airlines our interviewed were flying I obtained 3

categories of answers. The first category of people said that they only flied with Air
Moldova and/or Fly One which are the 2 out of 3 based company(the third is Wizz
Air) at our airport in Chisinau. This is a common answer just because of the fact
that this airlines serve the most demanded routes. The second category are people
that have flown with that 2 companies mentioned above plus other airlines as
TAROM(national Romanian career) that offers flights from KIV to OTP. This route
is operated 2 times a day and it is demanded because OTP is a major connecting
airport for Moldovan people. Another airline is S7 that serves flights to Moscow,
(there are 4 airways that offer flights to Moscow). AtlasGlobal is also mentioned in
the poll, it serves flights to Antalya and Istanbul. Other mentioned airlines is
Turkish Airlines that also flies charter to Antalya and regular routes to Istanbul.

The third category are students that said they have flown with another companies
that were not mentioned, among this companies is Emirates, that doesn’t operate
flights from KIV, Lufthansa and Austrian.

The fifth question was ,,In your opinion, what are the obligations of a flight
attendant?’

Students answered differently on this question. The most common answer is that
flight attendant is obligate to provide comfort to customers, this is right but is not
the most important duty of a cabin crew. It is common for customers to think that
the only obligation for the staff of the plane is to serve food, but that is too far
from the truth. The main obligation of a flight attendant is to secure passengers
and assure safety on board of an aircraft, and as you can see only 10 out of 60
students chose safety, being an example that people are not informed correctly
about the main purpose of a cabin crew on board.

21 out of 60 said that they would like to become a flight attendant.

 They affirmed that being a flight attendant is interesting, a great experience
in life, you gain customer service and you have flight benefits as cheap
tickets, discounts and others. The rest of the students said that they wouldn’t
like to be a flight attendant because you don’t have time for personal life
while others affirmed that this job is not for a long time and doesn’t offer the
chance to grow in your career, which is wrong. You can work as a flight
attendant as much as you can and depending on your body health status and
continuing your career in an airlines as a trainer, manager, customer related
jobs on ground or as a recruiter.
The majority of interviewed said that this job offers the benefit of travelling,
which is half true it depends on the interpretation of ,,travelling’’. With big
careers you have this opportunity to travel and discover new countries thanks
to layovers. A layover is most commonly a 24 hours stop in a city where
crew have flown-in from their base, with hotel room and money for eating
provided by the company. There are small companies and low-cost airlines
that don’t provide layovers, you still have the chance to travel by flying into
new countries, but you can’t enjoy the city atmosphere.

Oldest flight attendant in the world

Bette Nash is the oldest flight attendant in the world, having recently
celebrated her 60 years anniversary in the air at the age of 82. Her career first
started with Eastern Airlines, now called American Airlines, she reveals
some of the top secrets of air travel back in the day to express.co.uk.
 This makes it quite possible that she's the world's most senior flight attendant,
still flying. She always is flying on her route from Washington DC to Boston, "The
Kennedys used to fly with us," she said. It's her regular route, and her passengers
are friends. Greetings include a hug and a sincere inquiry on how they're doing. "I
love my people. I know my customers. I know what they want. The airline thinks
names are important, but I think people's needs are very important. Everybody
wants a little love," she says.

She reveals that passengers often bought life insurance from vending machines.
She told WJLA-TV: "When it started I think it was $12 (£9) one way. Being a flight
attendant wasn’t easy because they were restricted regarding their weight and
height. She also said : “You put on a few pounds and then you had to keep
weighing yourself, “And then if you stayed that way, they would take you off the
payroll.”

Conclusion

Airline industry is a well growing branch of worldwide economy. Every day it’s services are
demanded by customers. Nowadays there is a trend that is opposite to the past. Customers
choose to fly cheaper, not luxurious and that is why low cost airlines monopolizes the airline
market. The global spend on air transport last year was almost $750 billion. Even with more than
three billion people flying annually, the industry also experienced an overall reduction in airfares
of almost 4%. As a result, the pressure for you to realize true revenue growth has never been
greater. Aviation provides the only worldwide rapid transportation system which makes it
essential for global business and tourism. Aviation’s total global economic impact is $2.7 trillion
including direct, indirect, induced and the catalytic effects of tourism, it transported
approximately 3.6 billion passengers in 2015 and carried 51.2 million tonnes of freight in 2015 and
35% of interregional exports of goods by value. Daily value of goods sent by air is now $17.5 billion
and 54% of international tourists travel by air. Passenger airlines are airlines dedicated to the
transport of human passengers. In 2017, global air traffic passenger demand is expected to
increase by 7.4 percent and generate around 743 billion U.S. dollars in revenue. Some of
the largest airlines worldwide include: American Airlines, Southwest Airlines, Delta Air Lines,
Deutsche Lufthansa, United Intercontinental Holdings, China Southern Airlines, and Air France-
KLM. In 2017, American Airlines was the airline with the highest brand value, closely followed by
Delta, United and Emirates Airlines. Emirates had an estimated brand value of just over six billion
U.S. dollars.

As a result of increasingly affordable flight rates and cheaper oil prices, passenger and cargo air
traffic are estimated to grow substantially through 2036. Latin America is the region
where passenger air traffic is expected to experience the highest growth rate. Between 2017 and
2036, the airline industry is projected to increase its carriers' revenue passenger kilometers by
about 4.7 percent. Commercial airlines stand to greatly benefit from the increased passenger
demand in global air traffic. In 2016, there was a 7.4 percent growth in global air traffic passenger
demand. The same year, commercial airlines worldwide generated combined revenue of 705
billion U.S. dollars. The United States is home to the world’s busiest airport: Hartsfield-Jackson
Atlanta International (IATA:ATL) enplaned more than 46.7 million passengers in 2016.
Surprisingly, the United States scored a mere 6.1 in the 2016/2017 air traffic infrastructure quality
ranking published by the World Economic Forum. Meanwhile, Singapore’s air traffic
infrastructure received a rating of 6.8 on a scale of 1 to 7, with 7 being the highest rating possible.

Annexes
1.Have you ever flown?

a)Yes b)No

2.If yes, which company?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

3. Do you like the experience on board?

a. Yes b. No

4. In your opinion, what are flight attendant’s duties

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

5. How do you think, does this job offers the travel benefit? If yes, please explain, if no also
explain

_____________________________________________________________________________

6. Would you work as a cabin crew? If yes, please explain, if no also explain
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

http://www.iata.org/pressroom/pr/Pages/2016-10-18-02.aspx - Statistics about the growth of

passengers.

https://www.statista.com/statistics/278372/revenue-of-commercial-airlines-worldwide/ -
Statistics about the revenue of commercial airlines worldwide from 2003 to 2018 (in
billion U.S. dollars).