1

Οδυσσέας Γκιλής
Επιμέλεια

Edward Bernays
ΠΡΟΠΑΓΑΝΔΑ-
Propaganda

Θεσσαλονίκη 2016
2
 3

Περιεχόμενα

Edward Bernays. From Wikipedia. ................................................................................ 5

Life and influences ..................................................................................................... 5
Techniques ................................................................................................................. 7
Philosophy and public relations ................................................................................. 8
Propaganda ........................................................................................................... 10
Tie-in .................................................................................................................... 11
Campaigns............................................................................................................ 12
Overthrow of government of Guatemala ................................................................. 13
Recognition and criticism ........................................................................................ 14
Works ........................................................................................................................... 15
See also .................................................................................................................... 16
Notes ........................................................................................................................ 16
References ................................................................................................................ 18
Αποσπάσματα από βιβλία. ........................................................................................... 19
Έντουαρντ Μπερνέζ, Προπαγάνδα. .............................................................................. 35
4
 5

Edward Bernays. From Wikipedia.

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these
issues on the talk page.
This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on
Wikipedia. (January 2012)
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2011)

Edward Bernays
Born-Edward Louis Bernays
November 22, 1891
Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Died-March 9, 1995 (aged 103)
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
Occupation-Public relations, advertising

Edward Louis James Bernays (/bərˈneɪz/; German: [bɛɐ̯ˈnaɪs];

November 22, 1891 − March 9, 1995) was an Austrian-American pioneer
in the field of public relations and propaganda, referred to in his obituary
as "the father of public relations".[1] He combined the ideas of Gustave Le
Bon and Wilfred Trotter on crowd psychology with the psychoanalytical
ideas of his uncle, Sigmund Freud.

He felt this manipulation was necessary in society, which he regarded as

irrational and dangerous as a result of the "herd instinct" that Trotter had
described.[2] Adam Curtis's award-winning 2002 documentary for the
BBC, The Century of the Self, pinpoints Bernays as the originator of
modern public relations, and Bernays was named one of the 100 most
influential Americans of the 20th century by Life magazine.[3]

Life and influences

Born 1891 in Vienna to Jewish parents, Bernays was by two branches of

his family tree the nephew of psychoanalysis pioneer Sigmund Freud. His
mother was Sigmund's sister Anna and his father was Ely Bernays, brother
of Freud's wife Martha Bernays. In 1892, his family moved to New York
City, where he attended DeWitt Clinton High School.[4] In 1912 he
graduated from Cornell University with a degree in agriculture, but chose
journalism as his first career.[5][page needed] He married Doris E. Fleischman
in 1922.[6]

Bernays, working for the administration of Woodrow Wilson during World

War I with the Committee on Public Information, was influential in
 6

promoting the idea that America's war efforts were primarily aimed at
"bringing democracy to all of Europe".[] Following the war, he was invited
by Woodrow Wilson to attend the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.[]

Stunned by the degree to which the democracy slogan had swayed the
public both at home and abroad, he wondered whether this Propaganda
model could be employed during peacetime.[] Due to negative implications
surrounding the word propaganda because of its use by the Germans in
World War I, he promoted the term public relations.[] According to the
BBC interview with Bernays' daughter Anne, Bernays believed that the
public's democratic judgment was "not to be relied upon" and feared that
the American public "could very easily vote for the wrong man or want the
wrong thing, so that they had to be guided from above." Anne interpreted
"guidance" to mean that her father believed in a sort of "enlightened
despotism".[7]

This thinking was heavily shared and influenced by Walter Lippmann, one
of the most prominent American political columnists at the time. [] Bernays
and Lippmann served together on the U.S. Committee on Public
Information, and Bernays quotes Lippmann extensively in his book,
Propaganda.Bernays, Edward (1928). Propaganda. New York: Horace
Liveright. Retrieved February 24, 2016.[pages needed]

Bernays also drew on the ideas of the French writer Gustave LeBon, the
originator of crowd psychology, and of Wilfred Trotter, who promoted
similar ideas in the anglophone world in his book Instincts of the Herd in
Peace and War.[] Bernays refers to these two names in his writings.[]
Trotter, who was a head and neck surgeon at University College Hospital,
London, read Freud's works, and it was he who introduced Wilfred Bion,
whom he lived and worked with, to Freud's ideas.[] When Freud fled
Vienna for London after the Anschluss, Trotter became his personal
physician.[] Trotter, Wilfred Bion, and Ernest Jones became key members
of the Freudian psychoanalysis movement in England.[] They would
develop the field of group dynamics, largely associated with the Tavistock
Institute, where many of Freud's followers worked.[] Thus ideas of group
psychology and psychoanalysis came together in London around World
War II.[]

Bernays' public relations efforts helped to popularize Freud's theories in

the United States.[] Bernays also pioneered the public relations industry's
use of psychology and other social sciences to design its public persuasion
campaigns: "If we understand the mechanism and motives of the group
mind, is it not possible to control and regiment the masses according to our
 7

will without their knowing about it? The recent practice of propaganda has
proved that it is possible, at least up to a certain point and within certain
limits."[8] He called this scientific technique of opinion-molding the
engineering of consent.[9]

Bernays began his career as press agent in 1913, counseling to theaters,

concerts and the ballet.[] In 1917, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson engaged
George Creel and founded the Committee on Public Information.[]
Bernays, Carl Byoir and John Price Jones worked together to influence
public opinion towards supporting American participation in World War
I.[]

In 1919, he opened an office as public relations counselor in New York.

He held the first course at New York University in 1923. Also in 1923,
Bernays published his first book on public relations, entitled Crystallizing
Public Opinion.[10]

Bernays' public relations included President Calvin Coolidge, Procter &

Gamble, CBS, the United Fruit Company, the American Tobacco
Company, General Electric, Dodge Motors, and the fluoridationists of the
Public Health Service.[] Bernays advanced the practice of public relations
by combining a traditional press agency with the techniques of psychology
and sociology.[] Among its critics was journalist John T. Flynn, who
pilloried it in his 1932 book, The Science of Ballyhoo.[]

Techniques

Bernays refined and popularized the use of the press release, following its
invention by PR man Ivy Lee, who had issued a press release after the 1906
Atlantic City train wreck. One of the most famous campaigns of Bernays
was the women's cigarette smoking campaign in 1920s. Bernays helped the
smoking industry overcome one of the biggest social taboos of the time:
women smoking in public. Women were only allowed to smoke in
designated areas, or not at all. Women caught violating this rule were
arrested.[11] Bernays staged the 1929 Easter parade in New York City,
showing models holding lit Lucky Strike cigarettes, or "Torches of
Freedom". After the historic public event, women started lighting up more
than ever before. It was through Bernays that women's smoking habits
started to become socially acceptable. Bernays created this event as news,
which it was not.[] Bernays convinced industries that the news, not
advertising, was the best medium to carry their message to an unsuspecting
public.[]
 8

One of Bernays' favorite techniques for manipulating public opinion was

the indirect use of "third party authorities" to plead his clients' causes. "If
you can influence the leaders, either with or without their conscious
cooperation, you automatically influence the group which they sway." he
said. In order to promote sales of bacon, for example, he conducted a
research and found that the American public ate very light breakfast of
coffee, maybe a roll and orange juice. He went to his physician and found
that a heavy breakfast was sounder from the standpoint of health than a
light breakfast because the body loses energy during the night and needs it
during the day. He asked the physician if he would be willing, at no cost,
to write 5,000 physicians and ask them whether their judgement was the
same as his—confirming his judgement. About 4,500 answered back, all
concurring that a more significant breakfast was better for the health of the
American people than a light breakfast. He arranged for this finding to be
published in newspapers throughout the country with headlines like '4,500
physicians urge bigger breakfast'. while other articles stated that bacon and
eggs should be a central part of breakfast and, as a result of these actions,
the sale of bacon went up. [12]

Bernays also drew upon his uncle Sigmund's psychoanalytic ideas for the
benefit of commerce in order to promote, by indirection, commodities as
diverse as cigarettes, soap and books.[] In addition to the theories of his
uncle, Bernays used those of Ivan Pavlov.[]

PR industry historian Scott Cutlip describes Bernays as "perhaps the most

fabulous and fascinating individual in public relations, a man who was
bright, articulate to excess, and most of all, an innovative thinker and
philosopher of this vocation that was in its infancy when he opened his
office in New York in June 1919".

Bernays used the "Freudian theory" to deal with the public's conception of
communism, as he believed that we should not be easing the public's fear
of communism, but rather promote that fear and play with the public's
emotions of it. This theory was so powerful that it became a weapon of its
own during the Cold War.[]

Philosophy and public relations

Bernays' papers, opened at his death in 1995, contain a wealth of

information on the founding of the field in the twenties.[13] The Biography
of an Idea: Memoirs of Public Relations Counsel Edward L. Bernays
(1965) contains an overview of the decade. Many of the essays selected for
the Coolidge-Consumerism collection from the Bernays Papers were
written as early drafts for The Biography of an Idea.[14]
 9

Bernays, who pursued his calling in New York City from 1919 to 1963,
styled himself a "public relations counsel". He had very pronounced views
on the differences between what he did and what people in advertising did.
A pivotal figure in the orchestration of elaborate corporate advertising
campaigns and multi-media consumer spectacles, he nevertheless is among
those listed in the acknowledgments section of the seminal government
social science study "Recent Social Trends in the United States" (1933).[15]

In Bernays' mind, the belief that Propaganda and purposely created news
were legitimate tools of his business, along with his ability to offer
philosophical justifications for these beliefs that ultimately embraced the
whole democratic way of life, set his work in public relations apart from
what ad men did. The Bernays essays "A Public Relations Counsel States
His Views" (1927) and "This Business of Propaganda" (1928) show that
Bernays regarded advertising men as special pleaders, merely paid to
persuade people to accept an idea or commodity. The public relations
counsel, on the other hand, he saw as an Emersonian-like creator of events
that dramatized new concepts and perceptions, and even influenced the
actions of leaders and groups in society.[] (However, it is doubtful that
transcendentalist Emerson, enamored as he was with the spiritual traditions
of India and their denunciation of materialism—and promotion of a
simplified "inward" existence instead—would have found Bernays and his
efforts on behalf of corporations appealing.)

Bernays' vision was of a utopian society in which individuals' dangerous

libidinal energies, the psychic and emotional energy associated with
instinctual biological drives that Bernays viewed as inherently dangerous
given his observation of societies like the Germans under Hitler, could be
harnessed and channeled by a corporate elite for economic benefit.
Through the use of mass production, big business could fulfill the constant
cravings of the inherently irrational and desire-driven masses,[clarification needed
What mass irrationality?][]
simultaneously securing the niche of a mass production
economy (even in peacetime), as well as sating the dangerous animal
urges[clarification needed What dangerous urges?] that threatened to tear society apart[] if
left unquelled.[]

Bernays' magisterial, philosophical touch[] is in evidence in "Manipulating

Public Opinion" (1928) when he writes: "This is an age of mass production.
In the mass production of materials a broad technique has been developed
and applied to their distribution. In this age, too, there must be a technique
for the mass distribution of ideas." Yet he recognized the potential danger
in so grand a scheme and in "This Business of Propaganda" (1928), as
elsewhere, sounded the great caveat to his vision: a public relations counsel
 10

"must never accept a retainer or assume a position which puts his duty to
the groups he represents above his duty to society".[16] (A curious comment,
considering his willingness to promote products of questionable value to
humanity—such as the aforementioned cigarettes: a publicity campaign he
regretted later in life.[])

Propaganda

Main article: Propaganda (book)

In Propaganda (1928), Bernays argued that the manipulation of public

opinion was a necessary part of democracy:[17]

The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits

and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic
society. Those who manipulate this unseen mechanism of society
constitute an invisible government which is the true ruling power of
our country. ...We are governed, our minds are molded, our tastes
formed, our ideas suggested, largely by men we have never heard of.
This is a logical result of the way in which our democratic society is
organized. Vast numbers of human beings must cooperate in this
manner if they are to live together as a smoothly functioning society.
...In almost every act of our daily lives, whether in the sphere of
politics or business, in our social conduct or our ethical thinking, we
are dominated by the relatively small number of persons...who
understand the mental processes and social patterns of the masses. It
is they who pull the wires which control the public mind.

Articles in the journals of opinion, such as the one by Marlen Pew, Edward
L. Bernays Critiqued as "Young Machiavelli of Our Time",[18] and the
debate between Bernays and Everett Dean Martin in Forum, Are We
Victims of Propaganda?, depicted Bernays negatively.[19] He and other
publicists were often attacked as propagandists and deceptive
manipulators, who represented lobby groups against the public interest and
covertly contrived events that secured coverage as news stories, free of
charge, for their clients instead of securing attention for them through paid
advertisements.

Bernays' brilliance for promotion in this vein emerges clearly when one
reads, in the Bernays Typescript on Publicizing the New Dodge Cars,
1927–1928: "Two Sixes", the story of how he managed to secure
newspaper coverage for the radio programs he developed to promote the
Dodge Brothers' new six-cylinder cars. The Bernays Typescript on
Publicizing the Fashion Industry, 1925–27: "Hats and Stockings" and the
 11

Bernays Typescript on Art in the Fashion Industry, 1923–1927, reveal a

similar flair for consumer manipulation in the arena of fashion.[]

Tie-in

As is evident from the description of his campaign to publicize the Dodge

cars, Bernays had a particular gift[] for the marketing strategy called the
"tie-up" or "tie-in". In this strategy, one venue, opportunity, or occasion for
promoting a consumer product, for example, radio advertising, is linked to
another, say, newspaper advertising, and even, at times, to a third, say a
department store exhibition salesroom featuring the item, and possibly
even a fourth, such as an important holiday, for example Thrift Week.[20]

In addition to famous corporate clients, such as Procter & Gamble, the

American Tobacco Company, Cartier Inc., Best Foods, CBS, the United
Fruit Company, General Electric, Dodge Motors, the fluoridationists of the
Public Health Service, Knox-Gelatin, and innumerable other big names,
Bernays also worked on behalf of many non-profit institutions and
organizations. These included, to name just a few, the Committee on
Publicity Methods in Social Work (1926–1927), the Jewish Mental Health
Society (1928), the Book Publishers Research Institute (1930–1931), the
New York Infirmary for Women and Children (1933), the Committee for
Consumer Legislation (1934), the Friends of Danish Freedom and
Democracy (1940),[21][22][23] the Citywide Citizens' Committee on Harlem
(1942), and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (1954–1961). For the
U.S. government, he worked for the President's Emergency Committee on
Employment (1930–1932) and President Calvin Coolidge.[]

In the 1950s, some of his ideas and vision helped portray India as the most
democratic republic in Asia by having the People’s Congress of India adapt
a Bill of Rights. Freedom of the press, freedom of speech, freedom of
religion, freedom of assembly, and freedom of petition were added to the
Constitution of India.[]

Bernays Typescript on Public Relations Work and Politics, 1924:

"Breakfast with Coolidge" shows that President Coolidge too was among
his clients. Bernays was hired to improve Coolidge's image before the 1924
presidential election.[]

Another selection from his papers, the Typescript on Publicizing the

Physical Culture Industry, 1927: "Bernarr Macfadden", reveals Bernays'
opinion of the leader of the physical culture movement. Yet another client,
department store visionary Edward A. Filene, was the subject of the
Typescript on a Boston Department Store Magnate. Bernays' Typescript
 12

on the Importance of Samuel Strauss: "1924 – Private Life" shows that the
public relations counsel and his wife were fans of consumerism critic
Samuel Strauss.[]

Campaigns

Main article: Public relations campaigns of Edward Bernays

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Some of the public relations and marketing campaigns Bernays worked on:

 1913 Bernays was hired by the actor Richard Bennett to protect a

play that supported sex education against police interference.
Bernays set up a front group called the "Medical Review of Reviews
Sociological Fund" (officially concerned with fighting venereal
disease) for the purpose of endorsing the play.[24]
 1915 Diaghilev's Ballet Russes American tour convince magazines
to write articles that told people that ballet is fun to watch.
 1920 Successfully hosted the first NAACP convention in Atlanta,
Georgia. His campaign was considered successful because there was
no violence at the convention. His campaign focused on the
important contributions of African-Americans to Whites living in
the South. He later received an award from the NAACP for his
contribution.
 In the 1920s, working for the American Tobacco Company, he sent
a group of young models to march in the New York City parade. He
then told the press that a group of women's rights marchers would
light "Torches of Freedom". On his signal, the models lit Lucky
Strike cigarettes in front of the eager photographers. The New York
Times (1 April 1929) printed: "Group of Girls Puff at Cigarettes as
a Gesture of 'Freedom'". This helped to break the taboo against
women smoking in public. During this decade, he also handled
publicity for the NAACP.[25]
 Bernays once engineered a "pancake breakfast" with vaudevillians
for Calvin Coolidge, in what is widely considered one of the first
overt media acts for a president.
 Bernays used his uncle Sigmund Freud's ideas to help convince the
public, among other things, that bacon and eggs was the true all-
American breakfast.[26]
 In October 1929, Bernays was involved in promoting Light's Golden
Jubilee. The event, which spanned across several major cities in the
U.S., was designed to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Thomas
Edison's invention of the light-bulb (though the light-bulb had been
 13

previously invented by Joseph Swan). The publicity elements of the

Jubilee – including the special issuance of a U.S. postage stamp and
Edison's "re-creating" the invention of the light bulb for a nationwide
radio audience – provided evidence of Bernays' love for big ideas
and "ballyhoo". A follow-up event for the 75th anniversary,
produced for television by David O. Selznick, was titled Light's
Diamond Jubilee and broadcast on all four American TV networks
on October 24, 1954.
 Bernays attempted to help Venida hair nets company to get women
to wear their hair longer so they would use hairnets more. The
campaign failed but did get government officials to require hairnets
for some jobs.
 Bernays worked with Procter & Gamble for Ivory-brand bar soap.
The campaign successfully convinced people that Ivory soap was
medically superior to other soaps. He also promoted soap through
sculpting contests and floating contests because the soap floated
better than competing products.
 In the 1930s, his Dixie Cup campaign was designed to convince
consumers that only disposable cups were sanitary by linking the
imagery of an overflowing cup with subliminal images of vaginas
and venereal disease.[27]
 In the 1930s, he attempted to convince women that Lucky Strike
cigarettes' forest green pack was the most fashionable color. Letters
were written to interior and fashion designers, department stores,
and prominent women of society pushing green as the new hot color
for the season. Balls, gallery exhibitions, and window displays all
featured green after Bernays got through with them. The result was
that green did indeed become a very hot color for the 1934 season
and Lucky Strike kept their pack color and female clientele intact.
 He was the publicity director of the 1939 New York World's Fair.
 After his semi-retirement in the 1960s he worked with the pro-health
anti-smoking lawyer John Banzhaf's group, ASH, and supported
other anti-smoking campaigns.

Overthrow of government of Guatemala

Bernays' most extreme political Propaganda activities were said to be

conducted on behalf of the multinational corporation United Fruit
Company (today's Chiquita Brands International) and the U.S. government
to facilitate the successful overthrow (see Operation PBSUCCESS) of the
democratically elected president of Guatemala, Colonel Jacobo Arbenz
Guzman. Bernays' Propaganda (documented in the BBC documentary,
The Century of the Self), branding Arbenz as communist, was published in
 14

major U.S. media. According to a book review by John Stauber and

Sheldon Rampton of Larry Tye's biography of Bernays, The Father of
Spin: Edward L. Bernays & The Birth of PR, "The term 'banana republic'
actually originated in reference to United Fruit's domination of corrupt
governments in Guatemala and other Central American countries."[28]

Recognition and criticism

Much of Bernays' reputation today stems from his persistent public

relations campaign to build his own reputation as "America's No. 1
Publicist". During his active years, many of his peers in the industry were
offended by Bernays' continuous self-promotion. According to Scott
Cutlip, "Bernays was a brilliant person who had a spectacular career, but,
to use an old-fashioned word, he was a braggart."[29]

"When a person would first meet Bernays," says Cutlip, "it would not be
long until Uncle Sigmund would be brought into the conversation. His
relationship with Freud was always in the forefront of his thinking and his
counseling." According to Irwin Ross, another writer, "Bernays liked to
think of himself as a kind of psychoanalyst to troubled corporations." In
the early 1920s, Bernays arranged an English-language translation of
Freud's A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis for the US publication.
In addition to publicizing Freud's ideas, Bernays used his association with
Freud to establish his own reputation as a thinker and theorist—a
reputation that was further enhanced when Bernays authored several
landmark texts of his own, most notably Crystallizing Public Opinion
(1923, ISBN 0-87140-975-5), Propaganda (1928, ISBN 0-8046-1511-X)
and "The Engineering of Consent" in Annals of the American Academy of
Political and Social Science (March 1947).[]

Bernays defined the profession of "counsel on public relations" as a

"practicing social scientist" whose "competence is like that of the industrial
engineer, the management engineer, or the investment counselor in their
respective fields". To assist clients, PR counselors used "understanding of
the behavioral sciences and applying them – sociology, social psychology,
anthropology, history, etc." In Propaganda, his most important book,[]
Bernays argued that the scientific manipulation of public opinion was
necessary to overcome chaos and conflict in society.[]

Bernays' celebration of Propaganda helped define public relations, but it

did not win the industry many friends. In a letter to President Franklin D.
Roosevelt, Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter described Bernays and
Ivy Lee as "professional poisoners of the public mind, exploiters of
foolishness, fanaticism and self-interest". History showed the flaw in
 15

Bernays' identification of the "manipulation of the masses"—as a natural

and necessary feature of a democratic society—when the fascist rise to
power in Germany demonstrated that Propaganda could be used to
subvert democracy as easily as it could be used to "resolve conflict".

In his 1965 autobiography, Bernays recalls a dinner at his home in 1933

where

Karl von Wiegand, foreign correspondent of the Hearst newspapers,

an old hand at interpreting Europe and just returned from Germany,
was telling us about Goebbels and his Propaganda plans to
consolidate Nazi power. Goebbels had shown Wiegand his
Propaganda library, the best Wiegand had ever seen. Goebbels,
said Wiegand, was using my book Crystallizing Public Opinion as a
basis for his destructive campaign against the Jews of Germany. This
shocked me. ... Obviously the attack on the Jews of Germany was
no emotional outburst of the Nazis, but a deliberate, planned
campaign.[30]

According to John Stauber and Sheldon Rampton, in a published review of

Larry Tye's biography of Bernays:[31]

It is impossible to fundamentally grasp the social, political,

economic and cultural developments of the past 100 years without
some understanding of Bernays and his professional heirs in the
public relations industry. PR is a 20th-century phenomenon, and
Bernays—widely eulogized as the "father of public relations" at the
time of his death in 1995—played a major role in defining the
industry's philosophy and methods.

As a result, his legacy remains a highly contested one, as evidenced by

Adam Curtis' 2002 BBC documentary The Century of the Self.

Works

 The Broadway Anthology (1917, co-author)

 Crystallizing Public Opinion (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1923)
OCLC 215243834
 A Public Relations Counsel (1927)
 An Outline of Careers: A Practical Guide to Achievement by Thirty-
Eight Eminent Americans (1927)
 Verdict of Public Opinion on Propaganda (1927)
 Propaganda (New York: Horace Liveright. 1928) ISBN 978-0-
8046-1511-2
 16

 This Business of Propaganda (1928)

 Universities—Pathfinders in Public Opinion (1937)
 Careers for Men: A Practical Guide to Opportunity in Business,
Written by Thirty-Eight Successful Americans (1939)
 Speak Up for Democracy: What You Can Do—A Practical Plan of
Action for Every American Citizen (New York: The Viking Press,
1940)
 Future of Private Enterprise in the Post-War World (1942)
 Democratic Leadership in Total War (1943)
 Psychological Blueprint for the Peace—Canada, U.S.A. (1944)
 Public Relations (1945)
 Your Place at the Peace Table. What You Can Do to Win a Lasting
United Nations Peace (New York: The Gerent Press, 1945)
 What the British Think of Us: A Study of British Hostility to America
and Americans and Its Motivation, with Recommendations for
Improving Anglo-American Relations (1950, co-author with his wife
Doris Fleischman)
 The Engineering of Consent (Norman: University of Oklahoma
Press, 1955)(contributor) OCLC 550584
 Your Future in Public Relations (1961)
 Biography of an Idea: Memoirs of Public Relations Counsel (1965)
 Case for Reappraisal of U.S. Overseas Information Policies and
Programs (Special Study) (1970), by Edward L. Bernays and
Burnet Hershey (editors)

See also

 Crowd manipulation
 Spin (public relations)
 Mass psychology
 Isaac Bernays (1792–1849) his great-grandfather

Notes

1.

"Edward Bernays, 'Father of Public Relations' And Leader in Opinion

Making, Dies at 103". The New York Times. March 10, 1995.
Trotter (1919).
Ewen, Stuart (1996). "Chapter 1: Visiting Edward Bernays". PR! A
Social History Of Spin – Chapter 1. Basic Books.
Colford, Paul D. (December 5, 1991). "A Birthday Salute to the Father
of Public Relations". Newsday (Nassau ed.). Part II p. 78. Retrieved
February 24, 2016.
 17

Tye, Larry. "Chapter 1: Starting with Symbols". The Father of Spin:

Edward L. Bernays and the Birth of Public Relations. Henry Holt. Bernays
was offered positions at the Medical Review of Reviews and the Dietetic
and Hygienic Gazette.
Cook, Joan (July 12, 1980). "Doris Fleischman Bernays Dead; Pioneer
Public Relations Counsel". The New York Times. Metropolitan Report p.
22. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
BBC. "The Century of the Self". Archived from the original on February
28, 2012.
Bernays, Edward (2005) [1928]. Propaganda. Brooklyn, N.Y: Ig Pub.
p. 47. ISBN 0970312598.
Bernays, Edward L. (March 1947). "The Engineering of Consent"
(PDF). Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
250 (1): 113–20 at p. 114. doi:10.1177/000271624725000116. ISSN 0002-
7162. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 13, 2012. Retrieved
February 24, 2016. Any person or organization depends ultimately on
public approval, and is therefore faced with the problem of engineering the
public's consent to a program or goal.
Bernays, Edward L. (1961). Crystallizing Public Opinion (PDF). New
York: Liveright Publishing. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
"Smoking in Public Barred for Women; Police Enforce law"
"Edward L. Bernays tells the story of making bacon & eggs all-
American Breakfast".
"Guide to People, Organizations, and Topics in Prosperity and Thrift".
Prosperity and Thrift: The Coolidge Era and the Consumer Economy,
1921-1929. Library of Congress. 1999. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
Bernays, Edward L. (1965). Biography of an Idea: Memoirs of Public
Relations Counsel Edward L. Bernays. Simon & Schuster.
ASIN B0007DFE5G.
President's Research Committee on Social Trends (1933). Recent Social
Trends in the United States. Internet Archive (McGraw-Hill Book
Company).
Peters, John Durham; Simonson, Peter (2004). Mass communication
and American social thought: key texts, 1919–1968. Rowman & Littlefield.
pp. 51–57. ISBN 978-0-7425-2839-0.
Edward Bernays Propaganda (1928) p9. 9–10
Cutlip, Scott M. (1994). The unseen power: public relations, a history.
L. Erlbaum Associates. p. 185. ISBN 0-8058-1464-7.
"Everett Dean Martin and Edward L. Bernays, Are We Victims of
Propaganda? (Library of Congress reproduction from The Forum
Magazine, March, 1929)". Memory.loc.gov. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
"National Thrift Week". Institute for American Values. Retrieved July
13, 2012.
 18

Bernays, Edward L. (1965). Biography of an idea: memoirs of public

relations counsel. Simon and Schuster. p. 606. I offered to help organize
the Friends of Danish Freedom and Democracy, made up for the most part
of Americans of Danish ...
Hasselriis, Caspar Henrik Wolffsen (1959). Helligdag: erindringer (in
Danish). Udgivet af Dansk samvirke hos E. Munksgaard. p. 143. ... at han
vilde engagere den kendte Public Relations Ekspert Edward L. Bernays til
at være Raadgiver. ... Resultatet blev Dannelsen af "American Friends of
Danish Freedom and Democracy", et Navn foreslaaet af Mr. Bernays, som
mente, ...
Jensen, Mette Bastholm; Jensen, Steven L. B. (2003). Denmark and the
Holocaust. Institute for International Studies, Department for Holocaust
and Genocide Studies. ISBN 978-87-989305-1-8. The "Father of Public
Relations and Spin" and nephew of Sigmund Freud Edward L. Bernays
(1890–1995), was also hired by the Friends of Danish Freedom and
Democracy as a ...
Rampton, Sheldon; Stauber, John (2001), Trust us, we're experts,
pp. 44f.
Stephen Bender. Karl Rove & the Spectre of Freud’s Nephew,
LewRockwell.com, 2005-02-04
Alix Spiegel. Freud's Nephew and the Origins of Public Relations,
Morning Edition, 2005-04-22
Alan Bilton (2013). Silent Film Comedy and American Culture.
Palgrave Macmillan. p. 16.
BBC. "The Century of the Self". peter1979sk. Retrieved 26 November
2011.
Cutlip, Scott. 1994. The Unseen Power: Public Relations: A History.
Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. p. 160. ISBN
0805814647
Dennis W. Johnson. Routledge Handbook of Political Management,
(New York: Routledge, 2009), 314 n. 3; see Edward Bernays, Biography
of an Idea: Memoirs of Public Relations Counsel Edward L. Bernays
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965) [1].

31. Stauber, John and Sheldon Rampton. "Father of Spin: Edward L.

Bernays and the Birth of PR" (book review). PR Watch 6:2, Second
Quarter, 1999 (p. 11).

References

 American National Biography v. 2, Oxford University Press, 1999.

 John Stauber and Sheldon Rampton, Toxic Sludge Is Good For You:
Lies, Damn Lies and the Public Relations Industry
 19

 Edward Bernays, Biography of an Idea: Memoirs of a Public

Relations Counsel
 Larry Tye, The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and the Birth of
Public Relations (1998, ISBN 0-517-70435-8)
 Scott Cutlip, The Unseen Power: Public Relations: A History (1994,
ISBN 0-8058-1464-7)
 Stuart Ewen, PR! A Social History of Spin 1996, ISBN 0-465-06168-
0, (excerpt )
 Curtis, Adam (2008-11-26). "Century Of Self. 1-1 Happiness
Machines". BBC. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
 "Freud's Nephew and the Origins of Public Relations". National
Public Radio. Retrieved 2010-02-12.
 Nimmo, Dan D., and Chevelle Newsome (1997). Political
Commentators in the United States in the 20th Century: A Bio-
Critical Sourcebook. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. pp. 1–9.
ISBN 0-313-29585-9.
 Marvin Olasky column on his interview with Bernays at
Townhall.com
 Wilfred Trotter (1919). Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War – 4th
impression, with postscript. New York, MacMillan.

Αποσπάσματα από βιβλία.

Propaganda. Edward L. Bernays – 1930.
Press Professionalization and Propaganda: The Rise of ... - Σελίδα 180.
Tye, The Father of Spin, 248–249. 15. Edward L. Bernays, “Propaganda
and Public Opinion,” unpublished manuscript, undated, Bernays papers,
Box III: 57. 16. Edward L. Bernays, “Crystallizing Public Opinion for
Good Government” (speech ...
Culture and Propaganda: The Progressive Origins of ... - Σελίδα 34 Sarah
Ellen Graham - 2016 -
beyond the reach of the mass media in the 1920s, and their increasing
awareness of this fact brought the interwar Propaganda analysts a large
public audience. Public relations industry leaders such as Ivy Lee and
Edward L. Bernays, the ...
Building a Business of Politics: The Rise of Political ... - Σελίδα 240

Adam Sheingate - 2016 - -

119. Bernays, “Public Relations as a Career.” Bernays, “Public Relations
as a Career.” Edward L. Bernays, “The Science of Propaganda,” text of
radio address, April 15, 1937, ELB Papers, Box 426. Childs, “Foreword,”
xi; Edward L. Bernays, ...
Profiles in Folly: History's Worst Decisions and why They ... - Σελίδα 93
 20

Alan Axelrod - 2008 - -

—Edward L. Bernays, Propaganda (1928) public relations. Having
employed Propaganda to help America make “the world safe for
democracy,” Bernays wielded it after the war to sell everything from the
purity of Ivory soap, to the economic ...
Propaganda and the Public Mind: Conversations with Noam ...

David Barsamian, Noam Chomsky - 2001 - -

It included liberals like Walter Lippmann and Edward Bernays. Bernays
went on to found the public relations industry. They were very impressed
with their success in turning a pacifist population very quickly into raving
anti-German fanatics.
Marketing Dictatorship: Propaganda and Thought Work in ... - Σελίδα 88
Anne-Marie Brady - 2009 - -
Propaganda and Thought Work in Contemporary China Anne-Marie
Brady. 5. Quanguo xuanchuan ganbu peixun cankao ziliao, ed., Xuanchuan
ganbu peixun cankao ziliao (Propaganda Cadre Training ... Edward
Bernays, Propaganda ...
American Media History - Σελίδα 432
Anthony Fellow - 2012 -
Edward Bernays, Propaganda, p. 47. 82. Edward Bernays, Public
Relations, pp. 78–79. 83. Edward Bernays, Public Relations, p. 84. 84. See
Bill Moyers, “The Image Makers,” A Walk through the 20th Century,
1984, for an account of Edward ...
Weapons of Democracy: Propaganda, Progressivism, and ...

Jonathan Auerbach - 2015 - -

Propaganda, Progressivism, and American Public Opinion Jonathan
Auerbach. the scholar to demystify the craft of public relations. On the
history of the lionizing of Bernays, see Cutlip, Unseen Power, 220. 16.
Edward Bernays, Biography of ...
Public relations - Σελίδα 68

Anonymous -
Riegel, O. W. .Mobilizing for Chaos. New Haven: Yale University Press,
1934. 231pp. “The field of national Propaganda has attracted professional
American publicity men. Edward L. Bernays looked after the public
relations of Latvia . . .“ p. 206 ...
Political Creativity: Reconfiguring Institutional Order ... - Σελίδα 329

Gerald Berk, Dennis C. Galvan, Victoria Hattam - 2013 - -

Harold Lasswell to Edward Bernays, October 26, 1936, ELB Papers, box
425; Pendleton Herring to Edward Bernays, November 16, 1934, ELB
 21

Papers, box ... Bernays, ''Putting Politics on the Market,'' 472; Bernays,
Propaganda, quote on 102.
Corporate Public Relations: A New Historical Perspective

Marvin N. Olasky - 2013 - -

Edward L. Bernays, Propaganda (New York: Liveright, 1928). 6. Ibid., p.
159. 7. Ray Eldon Hiebert, Courtier to the Crowd: The Story of Ivy Lee
and the Development of Public Relations (Ames, Iowa: Iowa State
University Press, 1966), p. 87. 8.
Material Culture and Jewish Thought in America - Σελίδα 287

Ken Koltun-Fromm - 2010 - -

See Edward Bernays, Biography of an Idea: Memoirs of Public Relations
Counsel (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965), 288, where Bernays tells
us ... See the opening pages of Biography of an Idea, where Bernays notes
his relations to Freud quite frequently. ... Miller, “Introduction,” in Edward
Bernays, Propaganda, 17.
The Oxford Handbook of Propaganda Studies - Σελίδα 128

Jonathan Auerbach, Russ Castronovo - 2013 - -

Edward Bernays, “The Engineering of Consent,” Annals of the American
Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 50 (March 1947):113–120,
113 . 6. John Marks, The Search for the “Manchurian Candidate”: The CIA
and Mind Control 10 .
Propaganda Theorists: Noam Chomsky, Sheldon Rampton, John ...

Source Wikipedia - 2013 - Δεν υπάρχει

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles
available from Wikipedia or other free sources online.
Moral Mazes: The World of Corporate Managers - Σελίδα 265

Robert Jackall - 2009 - -

Edward L. Bernays, Propaganda (New York: Liveright, 1928), pp. 27–
28. Harry Reichenbach also comments on his own realization of the
importance of Propaganda during the war: The vast extent of Propaganda
only dawned on me now.
Citizens Divided - Σελίδα 193

Robert C. Post, Lawrence Lessig - 2014 - -

As the war progressed the censorship became less and less a factor, and
Propaganda increased in impor- tance. ... Cobb's perspective should be
contrasted to that of Edward Bernays, who in his 1928 book Propaganda
recognized and ...
 22

Emerging From the Matrix: Healing Human Trauma and Ending ...

Salini - 2015 - -
Edward L. Bernays, “Propaganda” Bernays became known as the father
of public relations, or more accurately, propaganda. Many marketing
techniques today are based on Bernays' work. And even more compelling,
the intelligence ...
Religious Right: The Greatest Threat to Democracy

A.F. Alexander - 2012 - -

Propaganda became a household word due to Adolf Hitler's aggressive
Propaganda machine. In 1933, Hitler appointed a Minister for
Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels who worked hard at his job. But it was a
man named Edward Bernays, ...
Propaganda Theory: Propaganda Theorists, Noam Chomsky, ...

Source Wikipedia - 2013 - Δεν υπάρχει

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles
available from Wikipedia or other free sources online.
The History of Media and Communication Research: Contested ...

David W. Park, Jefferson Pooley - 2008 - -

Propaganda since the so-called father of public relations, Edward
Bernays, did so. Bernays also played a crucial role in corrupting
Lippmann's ideas and the interpretive legacy that has developed around
them in Propaganda studies.70 ...
Contemporary Diplomacy - Σελίδα 218

Geoffrey Pigman - 2010 - -

10 Edward Bernays, Propaganda, New York: IG Publishing, 1928, p. 9.
11 Bernays, Propaganda, p. 15. 12 Bernays, Propaganda, p. 15. 13 Bernays,
Propaganda, p. 48. 14 Jacques Ellul, Propaganda: the Formation of Men's
Attitudes, tr.
PARANOIA Magazine Issue #61 - Summer 2015 - Σελίδα 43

Elana Freeland, Paul Roberts, Marie D. Jones - 2015 -

Edward Bernays and the Psychology of Shopping “e conscious and
intelligent manipulation of the habits and opinions ... Edward Bernays,
Propaganda 1928 Anyone who has witnessed the footage of frenzied mobs
shopping on black Friday ...
Modernism, Media, and Propaganda: British Narrative from ... - Σελίδα 7
 23

Mark Wollaeger - 2008 - -

During World War II, British officials still tended to use the words
“information,” “propaganda,” and “publicity” interchangeably among
themselves,13 but the ... 15 Edward Bernays, it turns out, had already
attempted to address the problem.
Media, Persuasion and Propaganda

Marshall Soules - 2015 - -

Lippmann's experience of wartime censorship led him to think that without
'some form of censorship, Propaganda in the strict sense of ... (Bernays
1947: 113) Edward Bernays – nephew of Sigmund Freud, journalist,
publicist and veteran WWI ...
Beyond the Left: The Communist Critique of the Media

Stephen Harper - 2012 - -

Itisthey whopull thewires which control the public mind, who harness old
social forces and contrive new ways tobind and guide the world –Edward
Bernays, Propaganda (1928) The century since the American 'father of
Public Relations', ...
PROPAGANDA

EDWARD BERNAYS - Δεν υπάρχει

Strategic Political Communciation: Rethinking Social ... - Σελίδα 195

Karen S. Johnson-Cartee, Gary Copeland - 2004 - -

Rethinking Social Influence, Persuasion, and Propaganda Karen S.
Johnson-Cartee, Gary Copeland ... influenced by the writings of the noted
American scholar Edward L. Bernays, Crystallizing Public Opinion
(1923) and Propaganda (1928).
Book History - Τόμος 3 - Σελίδα 231

Ezra Greenspan, Jonathan Rose - 2000 - -

Book. Propaganda. Edward. L. Bernays's. 1930. Campaign. Against.
Dollar. Books. Ann. Haugland. "Mass production just ahead" was the
slightly ominous conclusion to an editorial in the July 1930 Review of
Reviews. That piece was one of ...
When Media Goes to War: Hegemonic Discourse, Public ...
https://books.google.gr/books?isb... -
Anthony DiMaggio - 2010 - -
This book has examined the prominence of Propaganda in the reporting
of the United States' conflicts with Afghanistan, Iraq, and Iran. ... A major
component of media Propaganda is the neglect of dissent. ... Journalist
Edward Bernays played ...
 24

Articles on Propaganda Theorists, Including: John Stauber, ...

Hephaestus Books - 2011 - Δεν υπάρχει

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles
available from Wikipedia or other free sources online.
Propaganda 1776: Secrets, Leaks, and Revolutionary ... - Σελίδα 3

Russ Castronovo - 2014 - -

That year witnessed the press release of a document that Edward Bernays,
the so-called father of public relations and spin, would later view as a
masterstroke of propaganda. Although the Declaration of Independence
relies heavily on the ...
The New Propaganda: The Dictatorship of Palaver in ...

James E. Combs, Dan D. Nimmo - 1993 - Προβολή αποσπάσματος

Exploring Public Relations - Σελίδα 11

Ralph Tench, Liz Yeomans - 2009 - -

journalist who used his PR career as a publicist for the arts, Bernays wrote
books that were practitioner focused, case ... Declaration of Principles 1906
Edward Bernays Crystallizing Public Opinion 1923 Edward Bernays
Propaganda 1928 Rex ...
Pr!: A Social History of Spin

Stuart Ewen - 2008 - -

The Age of Public Relations had begun.In this long-awaited, pathbreaking
book, Stuart Ewen tells the story of the Age unfolding: the social conditions
that brought it about; the ideas that inspired the strategies of public
relations ...
Information Theory - Σελίδα 120

Bernays' most extreme political Propaganda activities were said to be

conducted on behalf of the multinational ... ”The Father of Spin: Edward
L. Bernays & The Birth of PR”, ”the term 'banana republic' actually
originated in reference to United ...
United States Propagandists: American Propaganda Films, ...

Books Llc, Source: Wikipedia - 2010 - Δεν υπάρχει

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles
available from Wikipedia or other free sources online.
Virginia Woolf and the Politics of Language - Σελίδα 99
 25

Judith Allen - 2010 - -

Today, this Propaganda effort, which began during World War I,
continues. ... Walter Lippmann's Public Opinion (1922), Edward Bernays's
Propaganda (1928) and Arthur Ponsonby's Falsehood in Wartime:
Propaganda Lies of the First World ...
Propaganda and Democracy: The American Experience of Media ...

J. Michael Sproule - 1997 - -

CHAPTER 2 THE PROGRESSIVE PROPAGANDA CRITICS The
Committee on Public Information perfectly illustrated the ... Although
practitioners George Creel, Charles Merriam, and Edward L. Bernays
remained confident after the war that ...
America in Peril - Σελίδα 191

Robert C. Aldridge - 2008 - -

I 1 Pseudo-Patriotism and Covert Propaganda The conscious and
intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the ... —
Edward L. Bernays, Propaganda (1928) “Patriotism” has become a buzz
word with many connotations.
Animal Oppression and Human Violence: Domesecration, ...

David Nibert - 2013 - -

17. Edward Bernays, Propaganda (1928; repr. Brooklyn: Ig, 2004), 73. 18.
Larry Tye, The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and the Birth of Public
Relations (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2002), 51–52. 19. See
Robert W. McChesney, ...
The Late Age of Print: Everyday Book Culture from ... - Σελίδα 210

Ted Striphas - 2009 - -

36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. of Cheney and his writings on business competition.
Given Bernays's investment in “propaganda,” it is unsurprising that he
ignored what Cheney had to say about logistics. See Edward L. Bernays,
Propaganda (Brooklyn, ...
Television and the Moral Imaginary: Society through the ...

T. Dant - 2012 - -
Instead they turn to that Propaganda which reaffirmsthevalidity and
wisdom oftheir original decision– which is reinforced' ... Thisis
preciselywhat Edward Bernays called the'new propaganda', which he
described in terms ofthe artful persuasion ...
Lewis & Clark Law Review - Τόμος 10 - Σελίδα 400

2006 -
 26

If one were to ask the man often dubbed "the father of public relations,"180
Edward L. Bernays, "What is public relations?" he would have said it is
the profession intended to facilitate communication. In his influential book,
Propaganda, ...
Publicity and the Canadian State: Critical Communications ... - Σελίδα 3

Kirsten Kozolanka - 2014 - -

Edward Bernays (1928) Taken at face value, Propaganda godfather
Bernays's utopian vision of a future rampant with politico-propagandists
might seem to have taken concrete form in today's political persuaders.
Many of those conversant with ...
Modernist Commitments: Ethics, Politics, and Transnational ...

Jessica Berman - 2012 - -

... highlighting the British war effort.80 In the United States, Woodrow
Wilson hired the journalist Walter Lippman and the psychologist Edward
Bernays to create “scientific” Propaganda designed to sway the American
public to the British cause.
Radio Propaganda and the Broadcasting of Hatred: ...

Keith Somerville - 2012 - -

Berkeley, Bill(2002) TheGraves Are NotYetFull (New York:Basic
Books). Berman, Bruce (1990) Control and Crisis inColonial Kenya
(London: James Currey). Bernays, Edward(2005) Propaganda
(NewYork:Brooklyn). Berry, JohnA. and Berry, ...
THE INSANITY OF HUMANITY: - Σελίδα 11

DIPO TOBY ALAKIJA - 2015 -

Propaganda, especially through media is one of the most effective ways to
brainwash people. Propaganda techniques were first codified and applied
in a scientific manner by journalist Walter Lippman and psychologist
Edward Bernays in ...
Borderline: Reflections on War, Sex, and Church - Σελίδα 300

Stan Goff - 2015 - -

At the end of World War i, the nephew of Sigmund Freud, edward Bernays
(1891–1995), was invited to the 1919 Paris Peace ... Bernays was
extremely impressed by the efficacy of certain kinds of war propaganda,
and based on his uncle's ...
Global Dialogue - Τόμος 4 - Σελίδα 108

2002 -
 27

10. Alex Carey, Taking the Risk out of Democracy: Corporate Propaganda
versus Freedom and Liberty (Urbana, III.: University of Illinois Press,
1997), p. 18. 1 1 . Edward L. Bernays, Propaganda (New York: Horace
Liverrighl, 1 928), p. 20. 12.
The Metaphysics of World Order: A Synthesis of Philosophy, ...

Nicolas Laos - 2015 - -

... model emphasize the projection of hard power, the supporters of
multilateralism emphasize the projection of soft power. in 1928, Edward
L. Bernays, nephew of the father of psychoanalysis sigmund freud,
published his highly influential book Propaganda, from which Josef
Goebbels, hitler's Minister of propaganda, took many of his ideas. in his
Propaganda, Bernays argued that, if one understands the ...
Maximum Rocknroll - Τεύχος 242

2003 -
Propaganda creates story lines that change how people view the world. It
is a very powerful psychological tool, that for now is one of the most
persuasive forces keeping working class Americans in line. Edward
Bernays is an important figure in ...
Adbusters - Τόμος 11

2003 -
-Edward Bernays, Propaganda, 1928 PR! A Social History of Spin, the
first public relations men were investigative journalists who sought to
expose corporate corruption and desperate living conditions during
America's era of industrialization.
Propaganda and Art: A Philosophical Analysis - Σελίδα 53

Sheryl Tuttle Ross - 1999 - Προβολή αποσπάσματος

Edward Bernays, Propaganda . (New York: Liveright Publishing
Corporation, 1928) . p 31. 28. Ellul in the broad sense of Propaganda
refers to organized myth which influences our worldview. . .the notion of
a worldview seems vaguely similar ...
Communications and the law - Τόμος 24 - Σελίδα 26

2002 -
Edward Bemays, the father of public relations, who has been called “the
father of spin,”“' defined propaganda—of which ... suggest that Bernays
was describing power relations between the propagandist and the consumer
of the propaganda.
The Myth of American Democracy: The Deification of ... - Σελίδα 79
 28

Trenton Fervor - 2013 - -

... regiment and guide the masses.” – Edward Bernays, Propaganda The
Iron Law of Oligarchy: Democracy and large-scale organization are.
Democracy's Problems 79.
Hearst Over Hollywood: Power, Passion, and Propaganda in ...

Louis Pizzitola - 2002 - -

Power, Passion, and Propaganda in the Movies Louis Pizzitola. During
my research for Hearst Over Hollywood, I interviewed the late Edward L.
Bernays, a nephew of Sigmund Freud and widely recognized as the father
of public relations.
Report - Σελίδα 234

1935 -
Mr. Bernays has been the advisor of presidents, of high government
officials, of big business. He is the author of two well-known books —
Propaganda and Crystallizing Public Opinion. Mr. Edward Bernays will
talk to you on "Moulding Public ...
Schism - Τόμοι 7-8 - Σελίδα 80

1977 -
19 Following Ivy Lee, Edward L. Bernays was the next major figure in the
new propaganda-public relations field; a field he would develop and
dominate for the next thrity years. By 1937 Business Week, after noting
that Bernays was "a nephew ...
The Handbook of Media and Mass Communication Theory, 2 ...

Robert S. Fortner, P. Mark Fackler - 2014 - -

But his reason for using the phrase “sociological propaganda” is that he
sees the societal influences as appearing in the same ... Cigarettes can be
(and were, with the help of Edward L. Bernays) marketed in the name of
freedom and of their ...
Biography of an Idea: The Founding Principles of Public ...

Edward L. Bernays - 2015 -

The Founding Principles of Public Relations Edward L. Bernays ...
Germany, of course,had operatedan enormous Propaganda machine for
years before thewar. Englandand France used the international
cableandnews services, Reuter's and ...
https://books.google.gr/books?id=r-8pCgAAQBAJ&prin...

One World, Big Screen: Hollywood, the Allies, and World War II
 29

M. Todd Bennett - 2012 - -

paradoxically called “democratic propaganda.” Defenders were quick to
point out that democratic propaganda, unlike its dictatorial counterpart,
appealed to reason ... Advertising pioneer Edward L. Bernays emerged as
a forceful advocate.
Comics and Conflict: Patriotism and Propaganda from WWII ...

Cord Scott - 2014 - -

Patriotism and Propaganda from WWII through Operation Iraqi Freedom
Cord Scott ... Benton,Mike. The ComicBookin America. Dallas: Taylor,
1993. Bernays, Edward. Propaganda. New York: Ig, 2004. Binder, Otto
(w), andCarlPfeufer (a).
Belle Moskowitz: Feminine Politics and the Exercise of ... - Σελίδα 140

Elisabeth Israels Perry - 1987 - -

Doris Fleischman (Bernays) Outline of Careers for Women, 1928 When
the Republican landslide of 1920 swept Al Smith ... Newton Vail, head of
the Bell System, and Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays, both early-twentieth-
century publicists. ... He developed a theory of Propaganda and
professionalized the propagandist's status.
Rant: a novel - Σελίδα 22

Jason Davis - 2006 - -

Why Bernays, con- sidering the other theories I espouse would be much
more aligned with your readership and their desires? E:(Sighs) I honestly
don't know. ... E: (Reading) Propaganda, by Edward Bernays. Are you
serious? What's this got ...
Healing Personal Psychology

Jasenn Zaejian, Lisa Bruhn - 2012 - -

After Sigmund Freud's nephew, Edward Bernays, arrived in New York in
the 1930's and started the advertising industry, ... Adolf Hitler's
Propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels, was said to have read all of
Bernays' books on Propaganda and ...
The Secret History of the War on Cancer - Σελίδα 193

Devra Davis - 2007 - -

In his book Propaganda, written in 1928, Edward Bernays argued that
democracy depended on the successful control of public opinion. The
conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and
opinions of the masses is an ...
Topical Issues in Communications and Media Research - Σελίδα 143
 30

Kwamena Kwansah-Aidoo - 2005 -

For example, Walter Ong's (1982) work on orality and literacy, Elizabeth
Eisenstein (1980) on printing, Edward Bernays (1928) on Propaganda and
Harold Innis (1951) on communication technology have all made seminal
contributions to ...
Five-cent Culture at the "university in Print": Radical ... - Σελίδα 45

2006 -
... Propaganda: Edward L. Bernays's 1930 Campaign Against Dollar
Books" Book History 3 (2000): 23 1-252. Haldeman- Julius attributes
similar civilizing principles to the Little Blue Chapter 2 Brown 4 Chapter
3.
e-Study Guide for: Exploring Public Relations: Business, ...

Cram101 Textbook Reviews - 2012 -

Business, Business Cram101 Textbook Reviews. CHAPTER OUTLINE:
KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, PLACES, CONCEPTS Committee on Public
Information Propaganda Edward L. Bernays Nick Leeson Reuters
heterophily homophily ...
Crystallizing Public Opinion

Edward L. Bernays - 2015 - -

Aimed at governments and corporations in the wake of World War I, this
classic work combines crowd psychology with the pillars of
psychoanalysis to argue the importance of public relations in democratic
society.
Power Systems: Conversations on Global Democratic ...

Noam Chomsky, David Barsamian - 2013 - -

Edward Bernays, the guru of the U.S. public relations industry, a liberal
progressive, expressed the standard view, which ... Andtheway wedo it is
through propaganda. The termwas used openly then. In fact,Bernays titled
hisbook Propaganda.
Myths for the Masses: An Essay on Mass Communication - Σελίδα 22

Hanno Hardt - 2008 - -

Edward Bernays, who had grasped the power of mass communication and
its potential uses for purposes of change, and who ... In modern times, state
Propaganda has become an organized effort to indoctrinate society and to
ward off the ...
Social, Political, and Economic Contexts in Public ... - Σελίδα vii
 31

Hugh M. Culbertson, Dennis W. Jeffers, Donna Besser Stone - 2012 - -

In the 1920s, Edward L. Bernays wrote two books, Crystallizing Public
Opinion and Propaganda, in which he described why and how the practice
of public relations should be based on the theories and methods of the
social and behavioral ...
The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and The Birth of ...

Larry Tye - 2002 - -

The Father of Spin is the first full-length biography of the legendary
Edward L. Bernays, who, beginning in the 1920s, was one of the first and
most successful practioners of the art of public relations.
Speaking of Faith: Public Relations Practice Among ... - Σελίδα 9

2008 -
Those publications were called Propaganda (Cutlip, Center & Broom,
2000; Jowett and O'Donnell, 1999; Newsom, Turk ... By the time Edward
L. Bernays wrote the first book on public relations in 1923 (Cutlip, 1994;
Cutlip, Center & Broom, ...
The Arrogance of American Power: What U.S. Leaders are ... - Σελίδα 14

Nancy Snow - 2007 - -

It was naively assumed then "that Propaganda could be made almost
irresistible with sufficiently clever use of propagandistic gimmicks in the
content of the communication." Edward Bernays, father of modern public
relations in America, offered ...
The Roaring 20's and the Wall Street Crash: Good Times, ...

Nick Shepley - 2015 - -

Edward Bernays though he had an answer. Bernays ... Bernays had sat on
the Creel Commission during World War One. ... The Chairman of the
committee, George Creel urged Wilson to:create a campaign of
Propaganda that would not be: ...
Subliminal Persuasion: Influence & Marketing Secrets They ...

Dave Lakhani - 2008 - -

The Vienna-born Bernays was heavily influenced, of course, by his uncle's
work, but it was in the service of war that he helped shape what we call
public relations today. War has always been a proving ground for the
development and dissemination of propaganda. ... run by veteran
newspaperman George Creel with the help of others like Edward Bernays,
used all available forms of media to promote the ...
Public Relations
 32

Edward L. Bernays - 2013 - -

Edward L. Bernays ... As far back as 1928, as mentioned in an earlier
chapter, I advocated in my book Propaganda that the United States
government create a secretary of public relations as a member of the
President's Cabinet. I said that the ...
Public Relations: Creating an Image

Moi Ali - 2005 - Δεν υπάρχει

Explains what public relations is, who uses it, how a campaign is created,
public relations crises that have occurred, and the difference between
public relations and propaganda.
World, Beware!: American Triumphalism in an Age of Terror - Σελίδα 204
https://books.google.gr/books?isb... -
Theodore Roszak - 2006 -
... they who pull the wires which control the public mind." Edward C.
Bernays, founding father of public relations, Propaganda, 1928
FANTASY POLITICS As of the twenty-first century, the American people
The Devolution of American Democracy.
Public relations, Edward L. Bernays and the American ...

Bulletin of bibliography and dramatic index - 1951 - Προβολή

αποσπάσματος
Propaganda. Della manipolazione dell'opinione pubblica in ...

Edward L. Bernays - 2008 - Δεν υπάρχει

Discovering The News: A Social History Of American Newspapers

Michael Schudson - 1981 - -

Edward L. Bernays, who, along with Lee, was the most prominent
publicist for public relations, took a similar line. Like Lee, he denied that
there was anything wrong with propaganda. “Propaganda,” he wrote in
1923, “is a purposeful, directed ...
A New Conservation Politics: Power, Organization Building ...

David Johns - 2011 - -

propaganda. In the affairs of this world men are saved not by faith, but by
the want of it. Benjamin Franklin, Poor ... Edward Bernays, The
Engineering of Consent (1947: 116) In his 1999 documentary Free Speech
for Sale, Bill Moyers tells the ...
Selling the Great War: The Making of American Propaganda

Alan Axelrod - 2009 - -

 33

Selling the Great War is the story of maverick journalist George Creel and
the epoch-making government agency he built and led using the emerging
industries of mass advertising and public relations to convince isolationist
America to join ...
Asymmetric Warfare for Entrepreneurs: 120 Lessons from ... - Σελίδα 105

Luan Hanratty - 2011 - -

Edward Bernays was a nephew of ... Bernays was the first public relations
king. ... Bernays instigated subtle yet widespread Propaganda stunts and
campaigns which subconsciously linked goods to images of a desirable
consumerist lifestyle.
The Capra Touch: A Study of the Director's Hollywood ... - Σελίδα 11

Matthew C. Gunter - 2011 - -

Perhaps General George Marshall realized that Capra possessed all three
of the major qualities Edward Bernays listed in 1929 as important for
creators of propaganda—natural leadership or charisma, the ability to read
what people want, and ...
Turismo: más allá del ocio y del negocio - Σελίδα 117

Patricia Goldstone - 2003 -

La Propaganda es el brazo ejecutivo del gobierno invisible. Edward
Bernays, Propaganda (1928) En abril de 1994, cuando todo el mundo
hablaba de promesas de paz, un artículo aparecido en una pequeña revista
académica llamada ...
Marketing Communications - Σελίδα 245

John Egan - 2007 - -

Edward Bernays, regarded as one of the fathers of modern public relations,
has argued that the rulers of ancient Egypt, ... largely to promote something
or to 'spread the faith' - the original definition of Propaganda (Grunig and
Hunt 1984).
Strategy Power Plays - Σελίδα 79

Tim Phillips, Karen McCreadie - 2009 - -

Edward L. Bernays mastered the art of spin before there was even a term
for it. He honed his craft working in Propaganda during WWI. Bernays
went on to start the first public relations firm in America in 1919 and
reputedly still consulted with ...
Psychoanalytic Accounts of Consuming Desire: Hearts of ...

J. Desmond - 2012 - -
 34

Edward Bernays, regarded asthe father ofpublic relations, readily

adaptedhis uncle's ideas totheworld ofgovernment policy and ... Bernays is
best known for orchestrating Propaganda through PR campaigns aiming
tomanage public opinion.
The Fluoride Deception

Christopher Bryson - 2011 -

VISITING THE CAMBRIDGE, Massachusetts, home of Edward L.
Bernays was a thrilling and unsettling experience. ... a foot soldier in the
government's Committee on Public Information, creating some of the
nation's earliest war propaganda.
Republic of Spin: An Inside History of the American Presidency

David Greenberg - 2016 - -

In Republic of Spin—a vibrant history covering more than one hundred
years of politics—presidential historian David Greenberg recounts the rise
of the White House spin machine, from Teddy Roosevelt to Barack
Obama.
Il ritorno del medium. Teorie e strumenti della ... - Σελίδα 29

Vanni Codeluppi - 2011 - -

Per tale autore, analogamente a quanto era stato già sostenuto da Walter
Lippman (1995) e Edward Bernays (2008), la Propaganda rappresenta il
principale strumento a disposizione per disporre del consenso delle masse
e dunque per ...
Œuvres Complètes: Volume 2 (comprenant les Tomes 7 à 13)

De Cock Jacques - Ανάγνωση -

La preuve : c'est seulement fin 1 Edward Bernays, Propaganda, 1928. 2
Armand Mattelart, La Communication-monde, Paris, 1992, p.64.
septembre, alors que l'offensive allemande marque le pas aux portes 318
Jacques De Cock Le torrent ...
Public relations jako ovlivňování mínění - Jak úspěšně ... - Σελίδα 63

Jozef Ftorek - 2012 - -

Termín Propaganda je v občanské, liberálně-demokratické praxi vnímán
velmi negativně. Je to především důsledek ... I to byl důvod, proč Edward
Bernays přistoupil k popularizaci a postupnému zavádění termínu public
relations, ...
American Public Relations People: Edward Bernays, Bob ...

General Books LLC, Source Wikipedia, Books, LLC - 2010 - Δεν υπάρχει
 35

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles
available from Wikipedia or other free sources online.

Έντουαρντ Μπερνέζ, Προπαγάνδα.

Προπαγάνδα", "Κατασκευάζοντας τη Συναίνεση" - Zougla.gr. 20 Μαΐ
2011 - Έντουαρντ Μπερνέζ, ο οποίος θεωρείται και ο πατέρας των
«Δημοσίων Σχέσεων» και ο άνθρωπος που έπλασε την κοινωνία της
κατανάλωσης.

«Προπαγάνδα» του Έντουαρντ Μπερνέζ | Patrisnews. 15 Δεκ 2015 - Ο

Έντουαρντ Μπερνέζ υπήρξε μία εμβληματική μορφή της μαζικής
χειραγώγησης και της προπαγάνδας στις δυτικές δημοκρατίες του 20ού ...

2 Μαΐ 2013 - ... υπήρξε ο Έντουαρντ Μπερνέζ, ανιψιός του Φρόιντ. Ο

Μπερνέζ, ... Καθώς η κοινωνία απέρριπτε την προπαγάνδα μετά τον
πόλεμο, ο Μπερνέζ ...
'Εντουαρντ Μπερνέζ - Indymedia. 29 Οκτ 2012 - Καθως η κοινωνια
απερριπτε την προπαγανδα μετα τον πολεμο, ο Μπερνεζ επινοησε ενα πιο
ελκυστικο ονομα για την κοινωνικη εκδοχη της: ...

Η ΓΕΝΝΗΣΗ ΤΟΥ ΚΑΤΑΝΑΛΩΤΙΣΜΟΥ & Η ΣΥΜΒΟΛΗ ΤΟΥ ...

Μια Στιγμή στον Άνεμο - Προπαγάνδα - Αποθέωση της ...Πρωτοπόρος
στον τομέα της επιστημονικής χειραγώγησης των μαζών θεωρείται ο
μαθητής και ανιψιός του Φρόιντ, Έντουαρντ Μπερνέζ, ο οποίος
θεωρείται ...

Ο Αδόλφος στις κάλπες | Η Εφημερίδα των Συντακτών. 3 Ιαν 2015 -

Propaganda: Το κλασικό έργο του ανιψιού του Φρόιντ, Εντουαρντ
Μπερνέζ, ο οποίος έφερε την προπολεμική προπαγάνδα στην υπηρεσία
της ...

Προπαγάνδα - Edward L. Bernays - CultureNow.gr. 18 Δεκ 2015 - Από

τις εκδόσεις Νεφέλη κυκλοφορεί το βιβλίο Προπαγάνδα του Edward L.
Bernays σε μετάφραση του Δημήτρη Ταννή. Ο Έντουαρντ Μπερνέζ ...

Ψυχολογία των μαζών - Προπαγάνδα - The Secret Real Truth. 27 Νοε 2011
- Κύριος εκφραστής των θεωριών αυτών ήταν ο μαθητής και ανιψιός του
Φρόιντ,Έντουαρντ Μπερνέζ, ο οποίος θεωρείται και ο πατέρας των ...
 36

Ψυχολογία των μαζών και προπαγάνδα - Pentapostagma.gr ...6 Σεπ 2012 -

Κύριος εκφραστής των θεωριών αυτών ήταν ο μαθητής και ανιψιός του
Φρόιντ, Έντουαρντ Μπερνέζ, ο οποίος θεωρείται και ο πατέρας των ...

Ψυχολογία των μαζών και προπαγάνδα | RAMNOUSIA. 2 Μαΐ 2010 -

Κύριος εκφραστής των θεωριών αυτών ήταν ο μαθητής και ανιψιός του
Φρόιντ, Έντουαρντ Μπερνέζ, ο οποίος θεωρείται και ο πατέρας των ...