8×8 LED Matrix MAX7219 with Scrolling Text & Android

Control via Bluetooth

Abstract:

This document deals with an innovative rather an interesting manner of

intimating the message to the people using a wireless electronic display board which
is synchronized using the Bluetooth technology. This will help us in passing any
message almost immediately without any delay just by sending a SMS which is better
and more reliable than the old traditional way of passing the message on notice
board. This proposed technology can be used in colleges,many public places, malls or
big buildings to enhance the security system and also make awareness of the
emergency situations and avoid many dangers. Using Bluetooth module display the
message onto the display board.
INTRODUCTION:

In this world Mobile Phones and the related technologies are becoming more
and more prevalent. Various technical arenas in the field of Telecommunication and
Embedded Systems are becoming omnipresent in the people. The use of cell phones
has rapidly increased over the last decade and a half. Upgradation in networking
technologies has encouraged the development and growth of very dense networks.
Now-a-days the general mass prefer communicating while on the move therefore
land-lines usage has been drastically reduced.

Notice boards are one of the widely used ones ranging from primary schools to
major organizations to convey messages at large. A lot of paper is been used and
which is later wasted by the organizations. This in turn leads to a lot of deforestation
thus leading to global warming. Small innovative steps in making use of technology
for regular purposes would have an adverse effect on the environment issues which
we are presently concerned about. The main aim of this paper is to design a SMS
driven automatic display Board which can replace the currently used programmable
electronic display and conventional notice boards.

Proposed Hardware Architecture:

8 X 8 Matrix LED Display

Control Unit
MAX 7219
 Bluetooth
Module EEPROM

Arduino DC
User POWER SUPPLY
Key-pad UNO R3

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED METHOD :

Arduino UNO

Overview
 The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328
(datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power
jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support
the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it
with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI
USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to
version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. Revision 2 of the Uno board
has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU
mode. Revision 3 of the board has the following new features:
1.0 pinout: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the AREF pin and two
other new pins placed near to the RESET pin, the IOREF that allow the shields to
adapt to the voltage provided from the board. In future, shields will be compatible
both with the board that use the AVR, which operate with 5V and with the Arduino
Due that operate with 3.3V. The second one is a not connected pin, that is reserved
for future purposes.

Fig 2.1 Arduino UNO

Power supply
The microcontroller and other devices get power supply from AC to Dc adapter
through voltage regulator. The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non-regulated.
The 7805 voltage regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5VDC.

AC/DC Regulator Filter

Adapter (7805)
AC Power DC
Output

Fig. 6.1 Power Supply

The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non-regulated. The 7805/7812

voltage regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5V/12V DC.

Voltage Regulator 7805:

Features of 3-Terminal 1A Positive Voltage Regulator
 Output Current up to 1A.
 Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V.
 Thermal Overload Protection.
 Short Circuit Protection.
 Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection.
TECHNOLOGY USED – BLUETOOTH:

System Architecture

Bluetooth communication occurs in the unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHz. This is
an unlicensed band and, in most countries, includes the frequency range from 2400
to 2483.5 MHz. of course, as always when dealing with international standards,
there are a few exceptions. The primary geographies with exceptions are France
(2446.5 to 2483.5 MHz) and Spain (2445 to 2475 MHz). The transceiver utilizes
frequency hopping to reduce interference and fading. A typical Bluetooth device
has a range of about 10 meters. The communication channel can support both
data (asynchronous) and voice (synchronous) communications with a total
bandwidth of 1 Mb/sec. The supported channel configurations are as follows:

Max. Data Rate Max. Data Rate

Configuration Upstream Downstream
3 Simultaneous Voice 64 kb/sec X3 channels 64 kb/sec X3 channels
Channels
Symmetric Data 433.9 kb/sec 433,9 kb/sec
Asymmetric Data 723.2 kb/sec or 57.6 kb/sec 57.6 kb/sec or 723.2 kb/sec
MATRIX DISPLAY:

An LED Matrix consists of an array of LED’ s which are interconnected such that the
positive terminal (anode) of each LED in the same column are connected together
and the negative terminal (cathode) of each LED in the same row are connected
together. Note that this could be the other way around as well, with the positive
terminals connected to the rows and the negative terminals connected to the
columns.8x8 LED Matrix Schematic An LED dot matrix display (“dot” refers to the
circular lenses in front of the LEDs) can also come with multiple LEDs of varying
colors behind each dot in the matrix. For example, the matrix used in this project has
a Red, Green and Blue LED behind each dot in the 8x8 grid. A configuration with
multiple LEDs behind each dot adds another control pin to every column (positive
terminal) for each additional color of LED, while the rows (negative terminals) are
still all connected together. Therefore an RGB matrix has 32 control pins compared
to the 16 pins. Controlling the LED Matrix Since all of the individual LED’s in a matrix
share their negative and positive terminals in each row and column, it is not possible
to control each individual LED at the same time. Instead, the matrix is controlled by
cycling through each row very quickly while triggering the correct column pins to
light the desired LED’s for that particular row.
 8×8 LED Matrix MAX7219

The MAX7219/MAX7221 are compact, serial input/output common-cathode display

drivers that interface microprocessors (µPs) to 7-segment numeric LED displays of up to 8
digits, bar-graph displays, or 64 individual LEDs. Included on-chip are a BCD code-B
decoder, multiplex scan circuitry, segment and digit drivers, and an 8x8 static RAM that
stores each digit. Only one external resistor is required to set the segment current for all
LEDs. The MAX7221 is compatible with SPI™, QSPI™, and MICROWIRE™, and has
slew-rate-limited segment drivers to reduce EMI.

A convenient 4-wire serial interface connects to all common µPs. Individual digits may be
addressed and updated without rewriting the entire display. The MAX7219/MAX7221
also allow the user to select code-B decoding or no-decode for each digit.
The devices include a 150µA low-power shutdown mode, analog and digital brightness
control, a scan-limit register that allows the user to display from 1 to 8 digits, and a test
mode that forces all LEDs on.

Key Features

 10MHz Serial Interface

 Individual LED Segment Control
 Decode/No-Decode Digit Selection
 150µA Low-Power Shutdown (Data Retained)
 Digital and Analog Brightness Control
 Display Blanked on Power-Up
 Drive Common-Cathode LED Display
 Slew-Rate Limited Segment Drivers for Lower EMI (MAX7221)
 SPI, QSPI, MICROWIRE Serial Interface (MAX7221)
 24-Pin DIP and SO Packages
Advantages:

 Low power consumption

 Fully remote operation

 User define text

 Scrolling speed can change

  Visible in day light

 Compact and light weight

Disadvantages:

 Bluetooth range is short

Applications/Uses

 Bar Graph Displays

 Industrial Controllers
 colleges,many public places, malls or big buildings
 Panel Meters
 Commercial Advertisement
 Railway station
 Buses
Software Requirement

Arduino

An Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8, 16 or 32-bit AVR microcontroller with

complementary components that facilitate programming and incorporation into
other circuits. An important aspect of the Arduino is its standard connectors, which
lets users connect the CPU board to a variety of interchangeable add-on modules
known as shields . Some shields communicate with the Arduino board directly over
various pins, but many shields are individually addressable via an I²C serial bus so
many shields can be stacked and used in parallel. Official Arduinos have used the
mega AVR series of chips, specifically the ATmega8 , ATmega168.

An Arduino's microcontroller is also pre-programmed with a boot loader that

simplifies uploading of programs to the on-chip flash memory, compared with other
devices that typically need an external programmer. This makes using an Arduino
more straightforward by allowing the use of an ordinary computer as the
programmer. Currently, opti boot loader is the default boot loader installed on
Arduino UNO. An Arduino's microcontroller is also pre-programmed with a boot
loader that simplifies uploading of programs to the on-chip flash memory, compared
with other devices that typically need an external programmer. This makes using an
Arduino more straightforward by allowing the use of an ordinary computer as the
programmer.
REFERENCES

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Artech House mobile communications, 2004 - Technology & Engineering.

[3] Ayala, Kenneth J. (1996), The 8051 Microcontroller- Architecture,

Programming and Applications, DelmarPublishers, Inc. India Reprint.

[4] GSM telecommunication standards, June 2000Second edition, European

Telecommunications Standards Institute.

[5] M Samiullah, NS Qureshi,”SMS Repository and Control System using

GSM-SMS Technology,” European journal of scientific research, 2012.

[6] www.wikipedia.org

[7] "RS232 Tutorial on Data Interface and cables". ARC Electronics. 2010.
Retrieved 28 July 2011.
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