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1 KERN
11.1 Cálculo de un intercambiador para strawoil y nafta. 29800 lb/h de un aceite ligero de 35°
API a 340°F se usa para precalentar 103000 lb/h de una nafta de 48° API de 200 a 230°F. La
viscosidad del aceite es 5.0 centipoises a 100°F y 2.3 centipoises a 210°F. La viscosidad de la nafta
es de 1.3 centipoises a 100°F y 5.4 centipoises a 210°F. Se permiten caídas de presión de 10 lb/plg2.
Debido a que el aceite tiende a depositar residuos, considere un factor de obstrucción de 0.005 y use
un arreglo en cuadrado. La práctica en la planta es emplear tubo de ¾ plg DE, 16 BWG, con 16”0”
de largo, siempre que sea posible.
Datos
ṁh = 29800 lb/h de aceite 35° API
ṁc = 103000 lb/h de una nafta de 48° API
Tha = 340°F
Tca = 200°F
Tcb = 230°F
Viscosidad del aceite @100°F µ=5.0 centipoises
Viscosidad del aceite @210°F µ=2.3 centipoises
Viscosidad de la nafta @100°F µ=1.3 centipoises
Viscosidad de la nafta @210°F µ=5.4 centipoises
Cph del aceite @340°F = 0.58 Btu/lb°F
Cpc de la nafta @215°F = 0.56 Btu/lb°F
∆P permitida = 10 lb/plg2
Rd=0.005
Arreglo cuadrado.
Tubo de ¾ plg DE
BWG = 16
L = 16”0”
Solución
(1) Balance de calor
𝑄 = (𝑚̇𝑐𝐶𝑝𝑐∆𝑇𝑐)𝑛𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑎 = (𝑚̇ℎ𝐶𝑝ℎ∆𝑇ℎ)𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑙𝑏 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄 𝑁𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑎 = (103000 ) (0.56 ) (230 − 200)°𝐹
ℎ 𝑙𝑏°𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄 𝑁𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑎 = 1730000
ℎ
𝑄
𝑇ℎ𝑏 = 𝑇ℎ𝑎 −
(𝑚̇ℎ𝐶𝑝ℎ)𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝐵𝑡𝑢
1730000
𝑇ℎ𝑏 = 340°𝐹 − ℎ
𝑙𝑏 𝐵𝑡𝑢
(29800 ) (0.58 )
ℎ 𝑙𝑏°𝐹 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑇ℎ𝑏 = 240°𝐹
𝑙𝑏 𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑒 = (29800 ) (0.58 ) (340 − 230)°𝐹
ℎ 𝑙𝑏°𝐹
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑄 𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑒 = 1730000
ℎ
(∆𝑇𝑚)𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 = 69.30 °𝐹
(∆𝑇𝑚)𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜 = 49.30 °𝐹
𝑅 = 3.33
𝑇𝑐𝑏 − 𝑇𝑐𝑎
𝑆=
𝑇ℎ𝑎 − 𝑇𝑐𝑎
(230 − 200)°𝐹
𝑆=
(340 − 200)°𝐹
𝑆 = 0.21
FT = 0.88
∆𝑇 = ((∆Tm)contracorriente )(𝐹𝑇 )
∆𝑇 = (69.30°F)(0.88)
∆𝑇 = 61.40°𝐹
∆𝑇𝑐
∆𝑇ℎ
(230 − 200)°𝐹
(340 − 240)°𝐹
∆𝑇𝑐
= 0.30
∆𝑇ℎ
𝑇𝑐 = 280.50°𝐹
𝑡𝑐 = (200°F) + (0.405)(30)
𝑡𝑐 = 212°𝐹
(a) Suponer UD = 70 Btu/(h)(ft2)(°F)
𝑄
𝐴=
𝑈𝐷 ∆𝑇
𝐵𝑡𝑢
1730000
𝐴= ℎ
𝐵𝑡𝑢
(70 ) (61.40°𝐹)
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
𝐴 = 403𝑓𝑡 2
a”=0.19 ft2/ft*lin
𝐴
𝑁ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑠 =
(𝑎")(𝐿)
403𝑓𝑡 2
𝑁ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑜𝑠 =
𝑓𝑡 2
(0.19 )(16"0")
ft ∗ lin
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑈𝐷 = 72.3
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
15.25 𝑝𝑙𝑔
𝐵=
5
𝐵 = 3.50 𝑝𝑙𝑔
(𝐷𝐼)(𝐶 ′ )(𝐵)
𝑎𝑠 =
144𝑃𝑇
𝑎𝑠 = 0.09 𝑓𝑡 2
𝑙𝑏
29800
𝐺𝑠 = ℎ
0.09 𝑓𝑡 2
𝑙𝑏
𝐺𝑠 = 321000
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )
(6) A Tc = 280.50°F,
𝜇 = 1.5𝑥2.42
𝑙𝑏
𝜇 = 3.63
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡)
𝐷𝐼
𝐷𝑒 =
12
0.95 𝑝𝑙𝑔
𝐷𝑒 =
12 𝑝𝑙𝑔/𝑓𝑡
𝐷𝑒 = 0.08 𝑓𝑡
𝐷𝑒 𝐺𝑠
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
𝑙𝑏
(0.08 𝑓𝑡) (321000 )
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )
𝑅𝑒 =
𝑙𝑏
3.63
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡)
𝑅𝑒 = 7000
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑐𝑝𝜇 1/3 𝐵𝑡𝑢 (0.58 ) (1.5𝑐𝑝)
𝑘( ) = 0.076 𝑙𝑏°𝐹 )
𝑘 𝐹 𝐵𝑡𝑢
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 ) (° ) 0.076
𝑓𝑡 𝐹
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 ) (° )
( 𝑓𝑡 )
(9) Se calcula ho
𝑘 𝑐𝑝𝜇 1/3
ℎ𝑜 = 𝑗𝐻 ( ) 𝜑𝑠
𝐷𝑒 𝑘
𝐵𝑡𝑢
(46) (0.22 𝐹 )
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(° )
ℎ𝑜 𝑓𝑡
=
𝜑𝑠 0.08 𝑓𝑡
ℎ𝑜 𝐵𝑡𝑢
= 130
𝜑𝑠 (ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
130
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
ℎ𝑜 =
1
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑜 = 130
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
(𝑁𝑇 )(𝑎′𝑡 )
𝑎𝑡 =
144𝑁𝑃
(124)(0.30 𝑝𝑙𝑔2 )
𝑎𝑡 =
(144)(2)
𝑎𝑡 = 0.13𝑓𝑡 2
𝑙𝑏
103000
𝐺𝑠 = ℎ
0.13 𝑓𝑡 2
𝑙𝑏
𝐺𝑠 = 793000
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )
(13) A Tc = 212°F,
𝜇 = 0.54𝑥2.42
𝑙𝑏
𝜇 = 1.31
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡)
𝐷𝐸
𝐷𝑒 =
12
0.62 𝑝𝑙𝑔
𝐷𝑒 =
12 𝑝𝑙𝑔/𝑓𝑡
𝐷𝑒 = 0.05 𝑓𝑡
𝐷𝑒 𝐺𝑠
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
𝑙𝑏
(0.05 𝑓𝑡) (793000 )
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )
𝑅𝑒 =
𝑙𝑏
1.31
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡)
𝑅𝑒 = 31300
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝐵𝑡𝑢 (0.56
) (0.54𝑐𝑝)
0.082 𝑙𝑏°𝐹 )
𝐹 𝐵𝑡𝑢
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 ) (° ) 0.082
𝑓𝑡 𝐹
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 ) (° )
( 𝑓𝑡 )
𝐵𝑡𝑢
= 0.17
𝐹
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(° )
𝑓𝑡
(16) Se calcula hi
𝑘 𝑐𝑝𝜇 1/3
ℎ𝑖 = 𝑗𝐻 ( ) 𝜑𝑖
𝐷𝑒 𝑘
𝐵𝑡𝑢
(102) (0.17 𝐹 )
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(° )
ℎ𝑖 𝑓𝑡
=
𝜑𝑖 0.05 𝑓𝑡
ℎ𝑖 𝐵𝑡𝑢
= 329
𝜑𝑖 (ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
ℎ𝑖𝑜 ℎ𝑖 𝐷𝐼
= 𝑥
𝜑𝑖 𝜑𝑖 𝐷𝐸
ℎ𝑖𝑜 𝐵𝑡𝑢
= 272
𝜑𝑖 (ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
(17) Omitir la corrección para viscosidad en esta prueba, φi = 1
ℎ𝑖𝑜
ℎ𝑖𝑜 =
𝜑𝑠
𝐵𝑡𝑢
272
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
ℎ𝑖𝑜 =
1
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑖𝑜 = 1272
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
f = 0.00225 ft2/plg2
s = 0.76
(12)(16 𝑓𝑡)
𝑁+1=
3.5 𝑓𝑡
𝑁 + 1 = 55
𝐷𝐼
𝐷𝑒 =
12
15.25 𝑝𝑙𝑔
𝐷𝑒 =
12 𝑝𝑙𝑔/𝑓𝑡
𝐷𝑒 = 1.27 𝑓𝑡
2
𝑓𝑡 2 𝑙𝑏
(0.00225 ) (321000 ) (1.27 𝑓𝑡)(55)
𝑝𝑙𝑔2 (ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )
∆𝑃𝑠 =
(5.22𝑥1010 )(0.0792 𝑓𝑡 𝑥 76)(1)
𝑙𝑏
∆𝑃𝑠 = 5.20
𝑝𝑙𝑔2
f = 0.0002 ft2/plg2
s = 0.72
2
𝑓𝑡 2 𝑙𝑏
(0.0002 ) (792000 ) (16 𝑓𝑡)(2)
𝑝𝑙𝑔2 (ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )
∆𝑃𝑡 =
(5.22𝑥1010 )(0.0517 𝑓𝑡 𝑥 0.72)(1)
𝑙𝑏
∆𝑃𝑡 = 2.1
𝑝𝑙𝑔2
(22) Cálculo del coeficiente total limpio, Uc
ℎ𝑖𝑜 ℎ𝑜
𝑈𝑐 =
ℎ𝑖𝑜 +ℎ𝑜
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
(1272 ) (130 )
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹) (ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
𝑈𝑐 =
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
1272 + 130
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹) (ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑈𝑐 = 88.20
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷
𝑅𝑑 =
𝑈𝑐 𝑈𝐷
𝐵𝑡𝑢
(88.2 − 72.3)
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
𝑅𝑑 =
𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝐵𝑡𝑢
(88.20 ) (72.30 )
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹) (ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑅𝑑 = 0.0025
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
Resultado
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑜 = 130
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
ℎ𝑖𝑜 = 1272
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑈𝑐 = 88.20
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑈𝐷 = 72.3
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
𝐵𝑡𝑢
𝑅𝑑 = 0.0025
(ℎ)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(°𝐹)
𝑙𝑏
∆𝑃𝑠 = 5.20 𝑝𝑙𝑔2
𝑙𝑏
∆𝑃𝑡 = 2.1
𝑝𝑙𝑔2