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 BRITISH STANDARD |
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1748-2 : 1998
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Glass in building Ð |
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Special basic products |
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Part 2. Glass ceramics |
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Licensed Copy: New 2nd Site, CNL Technical Information Services, 15 June 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

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The European Standard EN 1748-2 : 1997 has the status of a |
British Standard |
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ICS 81.040.20 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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 BS EN 1748-2 : 1998

National foreword
This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1748-2 : 1997.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/520, Glass and glazing in building, to Subcommittee B/520/1, Basic and
transformed glass products, which has the responsibility to:

± aid enquirers to understand the text;

± present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the
interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
± monitor related international and European developments and promulgate
them in the UK.
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A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request

to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications
referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the
section entitled `International Standards Correspondence Index', or by using the
`Find' facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.

This British Standard, having Amendments issued since publication

been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Board for Amd. No. Date Text affected
Building and Civil Engineering,
was published under the
authority of the Standards Board
and comes into effect on
15 January 1998

 BSI 1998

ISBN 0 580 29074 3

 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1748-2
NORME EUROPEÂENNE
EUROPAÈISCHE NORM August 1997

ICS 81.040.20

Descriptors: Construction, glass, glassware, glass ceramics, mechanical properties, physical properties, dimensions,
dimensional tolerances, defects, measurements, viewing conditions

English version

Glass in building Ð Special basic products Ð Part 2: Glass ceramics

Licensed Copy: New 2nd Site, CNL Technical Information Services, 15 June 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Verre dans la construction Ð Produits de base Glas im Bauwesen Ð Spezielle Basiserzeugnisse Ð

speÂciaux Ð Partie 2: VitroceÂramiques Teil 2: Glaskeramik

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1997-07-24. CEN members are
bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comite EuropeÂen de Normalisation
EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈr Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

 1997 CEN Ð All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
Members.
Ref. No. EN 1748-2 : 1997 E
 Page 2
EN 1748-2 : 1997

Foreword Contents
This European Standard has been prepared by Page
Technical Committee CEN/TC 129, Glass in building,
the Secretariat of which is held by IBN. Foreword 2
This European Standard shall be given the status of a 1 Scope 3
national standard, either by publication of an identical 2 Normative references 3
text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 1998, 3 Definitions 3
and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by February 1998. 4 Chemical composition 4
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This European Standard consists of the following 4.1 Principal constituents 4

parts, under the general title Glass in building Ð 4.2 Tint 4
Special basic products:
5 Physical and mechanical
± Part 1: Borosilicate glasses characteristics 4
± Part 2: Glass ceramics 5.1 General characteristics 4
± Part 3: Evaluation of conformity of borosilicate 5.2 Definition of clear glass ceramic 4
glasses and glass ceramics. 5.3 Stability of physical and chemical
characteristics 5
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, 6 Dimensional requirements 5
the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European 6.1 Thickness and tolerances 5
Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, 6.2 Length, width, squareness and
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, tolerances 5
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, 7 General quality criteria 6
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
7.1 Optical 6
7.2 Appearance 6
8 Quality requirements 6
8.1 Optical faults 6
8.2 Visual faults 6
8.3 Methods of observation and
measurement 6
8.4 Acceptance levels 6
9 Designation 7

 BSI 1998

1 Scope
This European Standard defines, specifies and
classifies glass ceramics for use in building. It indicates
their chemical composition, main physical and
mechanical properties, dimensional and minimum
quality requirements (in respect of optical and visual
faults).
This standard applies only to glass ceramics supplied
in stock sizes.
This standard does not apply to glass ceramics
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supplied in cut sizes for final end use.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or
undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the
appropriate places in the text and the publications are
listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to or revisions of any of these
publications apply to this European Standard only
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For
undated references, the latest edition of the publication
referred to applies.
prEN 410 Glass in building Ð Determination of
light transmittance, solar direct
transmittance, total solar energy
transmittance, ultraviolet transmittance
and related glazing characteristics
1 Direction of draw
Figure 1. Relationship of length, width and direction of draw
 BSI 1998
Page 3
EN 1748-2 : 1997
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard the
following definitions apply.
3.1 glass ceramic
A type of glass consisting of a crystalline and a
residual glass phase. The glass is obtained by normal
glass manufacturing methods, e.g. casting, rolling,
drawing, floating, and is subsequently subjected to a
heat treatment which transforms, in a controlled
manner, part of the glass into a fine grained crystalline
phase. The glass ceramic has properties which deviate
from those of the glass from which it was transformed.
3.2 floated glass ceramic
Flat, transparent or translucent, clear or tinted glass
ceramic having parallel and polished faces obtained by
continuous casting and flotation on a metal bath.
3.3 drawn sheet glass ceramic
Flat, transparent or translucent, clear or tinted glass
ceramic obtained by continuous drawing, initially
vertically, of a regular thickness and with the two
surfaces fire polished.
3.4 rolled glass ceramic
Flat, transparent or translucent, clear or tinted glass
ceramic obtained by continuous casting and rolling.
3.5 nominal length, H
Pane length defined with reference to the direction of
draw of the glass ribbon as shown in figure 1.
3.6 nominal width, B
Pane width defined with reference to the direction of
draw of the glass ribbon as shown in figure 1.
3.7 stock sizes
Glass delivered in the following size range:
nominal length H: 500 mm to 3300 mm;
nominal width B: 500 mm to 2300 mm.
3.8 concentration, c
The sum of the lengths of gaseous inclusions greater
than 1,0 mm in any circle of 400 mm diameter.
 Page 4
EN 1748-2 : 1997

4 Chemical composition Table 1. Physical and mechanical

characteristics of glass ceramic (continued)
4.1 Principal constituents
Characteristic Symbol Value and unit
The magnitude of the proportions by mass of the
principal constituents of all the glass ceramic products Thermal l 1,5 W/(m´K)
covered by this standard is as follows: conductivity

Silicon dioxide SiO2 50 % to 80 % Mean refractive n 1,5

index to visible
Aluminium oxide Al2O3 15 % to 27 % radiation
Lithium oxide Li2O 0 % to 5 % (380 nm to 780 nm)
Zinc oxide ZnO 1 % to 5 %
5.2 Definition of clear glass ceramic
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Titanium dioxide TiO2 0 % to 5 % A glass ceramic product is defined as clear glass

Zirconium dioxide ZrO2 0 % to 5 % ceramic when it is not tinted and when the light
Magnesium oxide MgO 0 % to 8 % transmittance of the glass ceramic material, unmodified
by the possible presence of a coating or surface
Calcium oxide CaO 0 % to 8 % roughness,
Barium oxide BaO 0 % to 8 % ± after any necessary pretreatment,
Sodium oxide Na2O 0 % to 2 % ± measured according to prEN 410,
Potassium oxide K2O 0 % to 2 % ± rounded to the nearest 0,01,
Others 0 % to 5 % is greater than or equal to the value given in table 2 for
the nominal thickness of the glass ceramic product.
4.2 Tint
In order to measure the light transmittance
Body tinted glass ceramic is obtained by the addition characteristics of glass ceramic, to determine whether
of suitable materials. it can be classified as clear, it is necessary, in some
cases, to carry out a pretreatment.
5 Physical and mechanical ± Coatings on smooth surfaces have to be
characteristics eliminated, without modifying the thickness of the
glass ceramic substrate.
5.1 General characteristics
± Rough surfaces, with or without coatings, have to
Conventional numerical values for the physical and be eliminated by smoothing and polishing. The
mechanical characteristics of the glass ceramic used to thickness of the glass ceramic will be modified by
manufacture basic product are given in table 1. These this process.
values, for normal annealed glass ceramic without any
The light transmittance of a glass ceramic substrate
further toughening, are not precise requirements with
has to be measured with its surfaces in a polished
which the glass ceramic shall strictly comply, but are
condition.
the generally accepted figures for use in calculations
where a high degree of accuracy is not required.
Table 2. Minimum values for determining if a
Table 1. Physical and mechanical transparent or translucent glass ceramic
characteristics of glass ceramic product is clear
Characteristic Symbol Value and unit Nominal thickness in mm Minimum value(1,2)
Density (at 18 ÊC) r 2500 kg/m3 to 3 0,86
2600 kg/m3 4 0,84
Hardness (Knoop) HK0,1/20 600 to 750 5 0,82
Young's modulus E 9 3 1010 Pa 6 0,80
(modulus of 7 0,78
elasticity)
8 0,76
Poisson's ratio m 0,2 1) The limiting values given are applicable provided that the
Specific heat cp 0,8 3 103 J/(kg´K) to measured thickness of the glass ceramic product is within the
capacity 0,9 3 103 J/(kg´K) allowable tolerances for the nominal thickness of that product.
2) The values given are not suitable for design. They are values
Nominal value of a zero used only for the definition of clear glass ceramic and exclude
average coefficient the effects of coatings and of surface patterns. The values of
of linear expansion light transmittance used for design should be obtained from the
between 20 ÊC and glass manufacturer, measured according to prEN 410.
300 ÊC

 BSI 1998

5.3 Stability of physical and chemical
characteristics
For glass ceramic products, the physical and chemical
characteristics can be considered as remaining
constant over time.
a) Since glass ceramic is insensitive to
photochemical effects, the spectral properties
(transmission of light and solar energy) of the glass
ceramic products are not modified by direct or
indirect solar radiation.
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b) The surface of glass ceramic used in building is
virtually insensitive to attack from the environment.
6 Dimensional requirements
6.1 Thickness and tolerances
The actual thickness shall be the average of four
measurements, taken to the nearest 0,01 mm, one
taken at the centre of each side. Measurement shall be
made by means of an instrument of the plate gauge
type with a diameter of 50 mm ± 5 mm.
The actual thickness, rounded to the nearest 0,1 mm,
shall not vary from the nominal thickness by more
than the limit deviations shown in table 3.
Figure 2. Determination of length, width and squareness
 BSI 1998
Page 5
EN 1748-2 : 1997
Table 3. Tolerances on nominal thicknesses
Nominal thickness in mm Limit deviations in mm
3 ± 0,2
4 ± 0,2
5 ± 0,2
± 0,3
6
7 ± 0,4
8 ± 0,4
6.2 Length, width, squareness and tolerances
The nominal dimensions for the length, H, and
width, B, being given, the pane shall not be larger than
a prescribed rectangle resulting from the nominal
dimensions increased by the upper limit deviation, t, or
smaller than a prescribed rectangle resulting from the
nominal dimensions reduced by the lower limit
deviation, t.
The sides of the prescribed rectangles shall be parallel
to one another and these rectangles shall have a
common centre (see figure 2).
The limits of squareness shall also be prescribed by
these rectangles.
The tolerance, t, on the nominal dimensions is ± 10 mm
for H or B > 1000 mm and ± 5 mm for H or
B # 1000 mm. The dimensions H and B shall be
examined separately.
 Page 6
EN 1748-2 : 1997
7 General quality criteria
7.1 Optical
This criterion concerns the visibility of objects
observed through the glass ceramic and only applies to
transparent glass ceramic products.
The main faults that can affect the optical quality are
distortion of the surface and lack of homogeneity in
the body of the glass ceramic.
The optical quality shall be evaluated by means of a
visual observation method.
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7.2 Appearance
This criterion concerns the appearance of the product.
The visual quality can be affected by the presence of
spot faults (bubbles, stones, etc.), and linear/extended
faults (scuff marks, scratches, lines, deposits, etc.).
Spot faults are evaluated by specifying numbers and
dimensions. Linear or extended faults are evaluated by
visual observation.
8 Quality requirements
8.1 Optical faults (see 7.1)
Optical faults are those which lead to distortions on
the appearance of objects observed through the glass
ceramic pane.
8.2 Visual faults (see 7.2)
The visual quality can be altered by the presence of
spot faults and by linear/extended faults.
8.2.1 Spot faults
Spot faults can be:
a) gaseous inclusions; generally elongated bubbles of
gas;
b) others; solid inclusions, marks or deposits of
small size.
8.2.2 Linear/extended faults
These faults can be on or in the glass ceramic, in the
form of deposits, marks or scratches which occupy an
extended length or area.
8.3 Methods of observation and measurement
8.3.1 Optical faults
8.3.1.1 Principle of test
A reticulated screen is observed through the pane of
glass ceramic to be examined.
8.3.1.2 Screen
The screen should have approximately the same
dimensions as the pane of glass ceramic to be
examined. It consists of a matt grey background
(reflection coefficient between 0,2 and 0,4) having a
network of lines 10 mm thick of a colour contrasting
clearly with the background.
The network of lines shall have the appearance of a
wall of bricks whose sizes are 200 mm 3 70 mm, each
vertical line offset by 100 mm from the vertical lines
above and below.
The lighting of the screen shall correspond to natural
daylight.
8.3.1.3 Conditions of observation
The pane of glass ceramic to be examined shall be
placed vertically 3 m from the screen. The point of
observation shall be 1 m from the glass ceramic,
keeping the direction of observation perpendicular to
the screen. The pane of glass ceramic shall form an
angle of 45Ê with the plane of the screen.
8.3.1.4 Procedure
View the screen through the glass ceramic and note
any disturbing distortions to the pattern.
8.3.2 Visual faults
8.3.2.1 Spot faults
Measure the largest dimension (diameter or length) of
these faults with a micrometer with graduations in
tenths of a millimetre.
Note the number, dimension and concentration of spot
faults.
8.3.2.2 Linear/extended faults
8.3.2.2.1 Principle of test
The glass ceramic pane to be examined is illuminated
in conditions approximating to diffuse daylight and is
observed in front of a matt black screen.
8.3.2.2.2 Condition of observation
The pane of glass ceramic to be examined shall be
placed vertically in front of the screen and parallel to
it. The point of observation shall be 2 m from the glass
ceramic, keeping the direction of observation normal
to the glass ceramic surface.
8.3.2.2.3 Procedure
View the pane of glass ceramic and note the presence
of visually disturbing faults.
8.4 Acceptance levels
The acceptance levels for optical and visual faults are
given in table 4.
 BSI 1998
 Page 7
EN 1748-2 : 1997

Table 4. Summary of acceptance levels

Faults Acceptance criteria
Optical No disturbing distortions in observation conditions
given under 8.3.1
Visual spot faults
Gaseous inclusions # 1 mm Acceptable
Gaseous inclusions > 1 mm
Acceptable if:
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± maximum length # 19 mm
± sum of lengths per m2 # 500 mm
± maximum numbers per m2 100 for length 1 mm to 3 mm and
30 for length 4 mm to 7 mm and
4 for length 8 mm to 19 mm
± concentration (c) # 80 mm
Other spot faults (mm)
0,5 mm to 1,5 mm 50 per m2
> 1,5 mm to 2,5 mm 5 per m2
> 2,5 mm to 5,0 mm 2 per m2
Remark concerning all spot faults In the case of a single fault per m2 the maximum
dimension may be increased by 25 %
Linear and extended faults The allowable number of faults is an average of 0,05
faults in 20 m2 of glass ceramic relating to at least
20 tonnes

9 Designation
Glass ceramic in compliance with this standard shall
be designated respectively by:
± type;
± tint (manufacturer's reference) or clear;
± nominal thickness;
± nominal length, H, and nominal width, B;
± reference to this European Standard.
EXAMPLE: Designation of floated glass ceramic,
clear (c), thickness 5 mm, nominal width 1,2 m,
nominal length 2,0 m, for use in building:
Floated glass ceramic EN 1748-2 ± c 5 ± 1200 3 2000.

 BSI 1998
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