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Nitrogen fixation enables plants to use the nitrogen of the air for
growth
1. A leaf cell consists of several metabolic compartments - Answer (click here)
2. The cell wall gives the plant cell mechanical stability - Answer (click here)
3. Vacuoles have multiple functions - Answer (click here)
4. Plastids have evolved from cyanobacteria - Answer (click here)
5. Mitochondria also result from endosymbionts - Answer (click here)
6. Peroxisomes are the site of reactions in which toxic intermediates are
formed - Answer (click here)
7. The endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus form a network for the
distribution of biosynthesis products - Answer (click here)
8. Functionally intact cell organelles can be isolated from plant cells -
Answer (click here)
9. Various transport processes facilitate the exchange of metabolites
between different compartments - Answer (click here)
10. Translocators catalyze the specific transport of metabolic substrates and
products - Answer (click here)
11. Ion channels have a very high transport capacity - Answer (click here)
12. Porins consist of β-sheet structures - Answer (click here)
13. The use of energy from sunlight by photosynthesis is the basis of life on
earth - Answer (click here)
14. How did photosynthesis start? - Answer (click here)
15. Pigments capture energy from sunlight - Answer (click here)
16. The energy content of light depends on its wavelength - Answer (click here)
17. Chlorophyll is the main photosynthetic pigment - Answer (click here)
18. Light absorption excites the chlorophyll molecule - Answer (click here)
19. An antenna is required to capture light - Answer (click here)
20. How is the excitation energy of the photons captured in the antennae and
transferred to the reaction centers? - Answer (click here)
21. The function of an antenna is illustrated by the antenna of photosystem
II - Answer (click here)
22. Phycobilisomes enable cyanobacteria and red algae to carry out
photosynthesis even in dim light - Answer (click here)
23. The photosynthetic machinery is constructed from modules - Answer (click
here)
24. A reductant and an oxidant are formed during photosynthesis - Answer
(click here)
25. The basic structure of a photosynthetic reaction center has been resolved
by X-ray structure analysis - Answer (click here)
26. How does a reaction center function? - Answer (click here)
27. Two photosynthetic reaction centers are arranged in tandem in
photosynthesis of algae and plants - Answer (click here)
28. Water is split by photosystem II - Answer (click here)
29. The cytochrome-b6/f complex mediates electron transport between
photosystem II and photosystem I - Answer (click here)
30. Photosystem I reduces NADP - Answer (click here)
31. In the absence of other acceptors electrons can be transferred from
photosystem I to oxygen - Answer (click here)
32. Regulatory processes control the distribution of the captured photons
between the two photosystems - Answer (click here)
33. A proton gradient serves as an energy-rich intermediate state during
ATP synthesis - Answer (click here)
34. The electron chemical proton gradient can be dissipated by uncouplers to
heat - Answer (click here)
35. H -ATP synthases from bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria have a
common basic structure - Answer (click here)
36. The synthesis of ATP is effected by a conformation change of the
protein - Answer (click here)
37. Biological oxidation is preceded by a degradation of substrates to form
bound hydrogen and CO2 - Answer (click here)
38. Mitochondria are the sites of cell respiration - Answer (click here)
39. Degradation of substrates applicable for biological oxidation takes place
in the matrix compartment - Answer (click here)
40. How much energy can be gained by the oxidation of NADH? - Answer
(click here)
41. The mitochondrial respiratory chain shares common features with the
photosynthetic electron transport chain - Answer (click here)
42. Electron transport of the respiratory chain is coupled to the synthesis of
ATP via proton transport - Answer (click here)
43. Plant mitochondria have special metabolic functions - Answer (click here)
44. Compartmentation of mitochondrial metabolism requires specific
membrane translocators - Answer (click here)
45. CO2 assimilation proceeds via the dark reaction of photosynthesis -
Answer (click here)
46. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase catalyzes the fixation of CO2 -
Answer (click here)
47. The reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate yields triose phosphate - Answer
(click here)
48. Ribulose bisphosphate is regenerated from triose phosphate - Answer (click
here)
49. Besides the reductive pentose phosphate pathway there is also an
oxidative pentose phosphate pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Reductive and oxidative pentose phosphate pathways are regulated -
Answer (click here)
51. Starch is synthesized via ADP-glucose - Answer (click here)
52. Degradation of starch proceeds in two different ways - Answer (click here)
53. Surplus of photosynthesis products can be stored temporarily in
chloroplasts as starch - Answer (click here)
54. Sucrose synthesis takes place in the cytosol - Answer (click here)
55. The utilization of the photosynthesis product triose phosphate is strictly
regulated - Answer (click here)
56. In some plants assimilates from the leaves are exported as sugar alcohols
or oligosaccharides of the raffinose family - Answer (click here)
57. Fructans are deposited as storage compounds in the vacuole - Answer
(click here)
58. Cellulose is synthesized by enzymes located in the plasma membrane -
Answer (click here)
59. Nitrate assimilation is essential for the synthesis of organic matter -
Answer (click here)
60. The reduction of nitrate to NH3 proceeds in two reactions - Answer (click
here)
61. Nitrate assimilation also takes place in the roots - Answer (click here)
62. Nitrate assimilation is strictly controlled - Answer (click here)
63. The end product of nitrate assimilation is a whole spectrum of amino
acids - Answer (click here)
64. Glutamate is the precursor for chlorophylls and cytochromes - Answer
(click here)
65. Nitrogen fixation enables plants to use the nitrogen of the air for growth
- Answer (click here)
66. Legumes form a symbiosis with nodule-inducing bacteria - Answer (click
here)
67. N2 fixation can proceed only at very low oxygen concentrations - Answer
(click here)
68. The energy costs for utilizing N2 as a nitrogen source are much higher
than for the utilization of NO3- - Answer (click here)
69. Plants improve their nutrition by symbiosis with fungi - Answer (click here)
70. Root nodule symbioses may have evolved from a pre-existing pathway
for the formation of arbuscular mycorrhiza - Answer (click here)
Sulfate assimilation enables the synthesis of sulfur containing
compounds
1. A leaf cell consists of several metabolic compartments - Answer (click here)
2. The cell wall gives the plant cell mechanical stability - Answer (click here)
3. Vacuoles have multiple functions - Answer (click here)
4. Plastids have evolved from cyanobacteria - Answer (click here)
5. Mitochondria also result from endosymbionts - Answer (click here)
6. Peroxisomes are the site of reactions in which toxic intermediates are
formed - Answer (click here)
7. The endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus form a network for the
distribution of biosynthesis products - Answer (click here)
8. Functionally intact cell organelles can be isolated from plant cells -
Answer (click here)
9. Various transport processes facilitate the exchange of metabolites
between different compartments - Answer (click here)
10. Translocators catalyze the specific transport of metabolic substrates and
products - Answer (click here)
11. Ion channels have a very high transport capacity - Answer (click here)
12. Porins consist of β-sheet structures - Answer (click here)
13. The use of energy from sunlight by photosynthesis is the basis of life on
earth - Answer (click here)
14. How did photosynthesis start? - Answer (click here)
15. Pigments capture energy from sunlight - Answer (click here)
16. The energy content of light depends on its wavelength - Answer (click here)
17. Chlorophyll is the main photosynthetic pigment - Answer (click here)
18. Light absorption excites the chlorophyll molecule - Answer (click here)
19. An antenna is required to capture light - Answer (click here)
20. How is the excitation energy of the photons captured in the antennae and
transferred to the reaction centers? - Answer (click here)
21. The function of an antenna is illustrated by the antenna of photosystem
II - Answer (click here)
22. Phycobilisomes enable cyanobacteria and red algae to carry out
photosynthesis even in dim light - Answer (click here)
23. The photosynthetic machinery is constructed from modules - Answer (click
here)
24. A reductant and an oxidant are formed during photosynthesis - Answer
(click here)
25. The basic structure of a photosynthetic reaction center has been resolved
by X-ray structure analysis - Answer (click here)
26. How does a reaction center function? - Answer (click here)
27. Two photosynthetic reaction centers are arranged in tandem in
photosynthesis of algae and plants - Answer (click here)
28. Water is split by photosystem II - Answer (click here)
29. The cytochrome-b6/f complex mediates electron transport between
photosystem II and photosystem I - Answer (click here)
30. Photosystem I reduces NADP - Answer (click here)
31. In the absence of other acceptors electrons can be transferred from
photosystem I to oxygen - Answer (click here)
32. Regulatory processes control the distribution of the captured photons
between the two photosystems - Answer (click here)
33. A proton gradient serves as an energy-rich intermediate state during
ATP synthesis - Answer (click here)
34. The electron chemical proton gradient can be dissipated by uncouplers to
heat - Answer (click here)
35. H -ATP synthases from bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria have a
common basic structure - Answer (click here)
36. The synthesis of ATP is effected by a conformation change of the
protein - Answer (click here)
37. Biological oxidation is preceded by a degradation of substrates to form
bound hydrogen and CO2 - Answer (click here)
38. Mitochondria are the sites of cell respiration - Answer (click here)
39. Degradation of substrates applicable for biological oxidation takes place
in the matrix compartment - Answer (click here)
40. How much energy can be gained by the oxidation of NADH? - Answer
(click here)
41. The mitochondrial respiratory chain shares common features with the
photosynthetic electron transport chain - Answer (click here)
42. Electron transport of the respiratory chain is coupled to the synthesis of
ATP via proton transport - Answer (click here)
43. Plant mitochondria have special metabolic functions - Answer (click here)
44. Compartmentation of mitochondrial metabolism requires specific
membrane translocators - Answer (click here)
45. CO2 assimilation proceeds via the dark reaction of photosynthesis -
Answer (click here)
46. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase catalyzes the fixation of CO2 -
Answer (click here)
47. The reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate yields triose phosphate - Answer
(click here)
48. Ribulose bisphosphate is regenerated from triose phosphate - Answer (click
here)
49. Besides the reductive pentose phosphate pathway there is also an
oxidative pentose phosphate pathway - Answer (click here)
50. Reductive and oxidative pentose phosphate pathways are regulated -
Answer (click here)
51. Starch is synthesized via ADP-glucose - Answer (click here)
52. Degradation of starch proceeds in two different ways - Answer (click here)
53. Surplus of photosynthesis products can be stored temporarily in
chloroplasts as starch - Answer (click here)
54. Sucrose synthesis takes place in the cytosol - Answer (click here)
55. The utilization of the photosynthesis product triose phosphate is strictly
regulated - Answer (click here)
56. In some plants assimilates from the leaves are exported as sugar alcohols
or oligosaccharides of the raffinose family - Answer (click here)
57. Fructans are deposited as storage compounds in the vacuole - Answer
(click here)
58. Cellulose is synthesized by enzymes located in the plasma membrane -
Answer (click here)
59. Nitrate assimilation is essential for the synthesis of organic matter -
Answer (click here)
60. The reduction of nitrate to NH3 proceeds in two reactions - Answer (click
here)
61. Nitrate assimilation also takes place in the roots - Answer (click here)
62. Nitrate assimilation is strictly controlled - Answer (click here)
63. The end product of nitrate assimilation is a whole spectrum of amino
acids - Answer (click here)
64. Glutamate is the precursor for chlorophylls and cytochromes - Answer
(click here)
65. Nitrogen fixation enables plants to use the nitrogen of the air for growth
- Answer (click here)
66. Legumes form a symbiosis with nodule-inducing bacteria - Answer (click
here)
67. N2 fixation can proceed only at very low oxygen concentrations - Answer
(click here)
68. The energy costs for utilizing N2 as a nitrogen source are much higher
than for the utilization of NO3- - Answer (click here)
69. Plants improve their nutrition by symbiosis with fungi - Answer (click here)
70. Root nodule symbioses may have evolved from a pre-existing pathway
for the formation of arbuscular mycorrhiza - Answer (click here)
71. Sulfate assimilation enables the synthesis of sulfur containing
compounds - Answer (click here)
72. Sulfate assimilation proceeds primarily by photosynthesis - Answer (click
here)
73. Glutathione serves the cell as an antioxidant and is an agent for the
detoxification of pollutants - Answer (click here)
74. Methionine is synthesized from cysteine - Answer (click here)
75. Excessive concentrations of sulfur dioxide in the air are toxic for plants -
Answer (click here)