A

Social Relevance Project Report

On

Corporate Social Responsibility by

Rotaract Club Navi-Mumbai (RCNMV)

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

Master of Management Studies (MMS)

(Under University of Mumbai)

Submitted By

ABHISHEK MANOHAR AMBRE

(Roll No.61)

Under The Guidance of

Dr. Satish K. Nair

Pillai Institute of Management Studies and Research

New Panvel, Navi Mumbai – 410206
2016-18

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that project titled “Corporate Social Responsibility by Rotaract Clube Navi-
Mumbai (RCNMV)” is successfully completed by Mr. Abhishek Manohar Ambre during the
IV Semester, in partial fulfilment of the Master's Degree in Management Studies recognized
by the University of Mumbai for the academic year 2016-2018 through Pillai Institute of
Management Studies and Research.

This project work is original and not submitted earlier for the award of any degree / diploma
or associateship of any other University / Institution.

Name: ______________________

Date: ______________________ (Signature of the Guide)

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this Project Report submitted by me to the Pillai Institute of Management
Studies and Research, is a bonafide work undertaken by me and it is not submitted to any
other University or Institution for the award of any degree diploma/ certificate or published
any time before.

Name:
Roll No. : Signature of the student

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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Apart from my efforts, the success of any project depends largely on the encouragement and
guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who
have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project.

I express my gratitude to the team leader Mr.Vishal Shaha of Rotaract Club Navi-Mumbai
Vashi who has given me the opportunity to conduct my project at their organisation.

I am grateful to my project guide Dr.Satish K. Nair for giving his valuable guidance in design
and the changes that were required to be made for the proper implementation of the project.
Without those efforts this project would not have been successful.

I would also like to thank all the members of Rotaract Club Navi-Mumbai vashi(RCNMV) for
their cooperation, support and who shared their experiences with me which helped me to
achieve the objective of my project the experience and the knowledge acquired over the
interaction with the guide has been very valuable and will help me in future education and
career.

I would also like to thank my college where I have gained plenty of knowledge which helped
me in turning this project a success. I would also extend my thanks to our Director for his
support and facilities provided to me for the same.

Lastly, I would like to thank all those who directly and indirectly helped me in completion of
this project.

Abhishek Manohar Ambre

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 Executive Summary

The main motivation of undertaking this project was to provide the detailed and comprehensive
study about the NGOs as a program. This study provides the opportunity to know the
perspective of the students about the NGOs as a program. The report has been organized into
four parts. Part I deals with the detailed overview about the Ngo’s which are in operational in
India. Part II provides is brief introduction about the organization-ROTRACT. The Part III
includes problem faced by the NGOs in development work and sources of funds for NGOs. I
owe my sincere thanks to everyone who helped me in doing this project. It was a fun and also
a learning experience for me. I hope the knowledge and experience gained while undertaking
this project will help me in my future endeavours in one way or the other way.

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Sr.No Contents Page
No
1 Acknowledgement 4
2 Executive Summary 5

3 Industry Analysis
• An Overview NGO’s 7
• Literature Review 8-9
• Types of NGO’s and importance of NGO’s 10-12
• Range of NGO activity 13-14
• Function of public relation in NGO management 15-16
• An NGO approach to solving community problems with help of 17
public relation

4 NGO Analysis
• Introduction and history 18
• Profile of organisation 19
• About Rotaract Club of Nani-Mumbai, Vashi 20
• Initiative of Rotaract Clube Navi-Mumbai Vashi 21-28
• Social wellbeing impacts 29
• How will you contribute for society? 30-32
• Problem faced by RCNMV during development work 33
• Problem faced by NGO in India 34-36
• Suggested remedies to the problems of the NGOs in India. 37

5 Conclusion 38
6 Personal learning learns from an NGO 39
7 References 40-41

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 An Overview NGO’s

NGO (Non- Governmental Organization)

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that is not part of a government

and was not founded by states. NGOs are therefore typically independent of governments.
Although the definition can technically include for-profit corporations, the term is generally
restricted to social, cultural, legal, and environmental advocacy groups having goals that are
primarily non-commercial. NGOs are usually non-profit organizations that gain at least a
portion of their funding from private sources. Current usage of the term is generally associated
with the United Nations and authentic NGOs are those that are so designated by the UN.
Because the label "NGO" is considered too broad by some, as it might cover anything that is
non-governmental, many NGOs now prefer the term private voluntary organization (PVO). A
1995 UN report on global governance estimated that there are nearly 29,000 international
NGOs. National numbers are even higher: The United States has an estimated 2 million NGOs,
most of them formed in the past 30 years. Russia has 65,000 NGOs. Dozens are created daily.
In Kenya alone, some 240 NGOs come into existence every year. The International Red Cross
and Red Crescent Movement is the world's largest group of humanitarian NGO's. Though
voluntary associations of citizens have existed throughout history, NGOs along the lines seen
today, especially on the international level, have developed in the past two centuries. One of
the first such organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross, was founded in
1863.

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 Literature Review

Chhaparia Priyanka, Jha Munmun (2017) identified The Legal Evolution of CSR Policy in
India. They identified during the pre-industrial era, CSR was practiced largely in the form of
charitable donations. In the early twentieth century, the Gandhian ideology of trusteeship
dominated the field of CSR. More recently, India has become the first country to make CSR
mandatory for companies of certain size. The legal genesis of CSR can be traced to December
2007 when the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) instructed the scheduled commercial banks about
their duties, exhorting them to undertake CSR activities. Various guidelines regarding the
social, environmental, and economic responsibilities of business enterprises issued by Ministry
of Corporate Affairs (MCA), Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) and the Securities and
Exchange Board of India (SEBI) contributed to the formalization of CSR law in India.

Carroll, A. B. (1991) identifying the pyramid of corporate social responsibility toward the
moral management of organizational stakeholders. They fined Economic responsibility is the
basic responsibility of the company in terms of company profits through the satisfaction of the
needs and expectations of consumers. They also introduce Legal responsibility is reflected in
the fact that the corporation has a responsibility to comply with the law. A company that
behaves in accordance with the requirements of social responsibility, we can say that it works
considering the business ethical standards. Philanthropic responsibility assumes that the
company is a "good citizen" and contributes to community resources. CSR encompasses two
main aspects accountability and transparency. In addition to the default responsibility for its
financial performance and profitability, companies are accountable to stakeholders, for their
performance in relation to human rights, environmental policies, business moral principles,
corporate governance, society development, and diversity and job creation problems.

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Author: Cannon, T. (1992) identified the development of corporate social responsibility via
the historical development of business involvement leading to a post-war re-examination of the
nature of the relationship between business, society and government. This traditional contract
between business and society has changed over the years because of the addition of new social
value responsibilities placed upon business. Social value responsibilities include: stricter
fulfilment with local, state, and international laws; social problems; human values; health care;
pollution; quality of life; equal employment opportunities; sexual harassment; elimination of
poverty; child care and elderly care; support of the arts and universities; and many others.

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 Types of NGO’s
There are numerous possibilities to classify NGOs. The following is the typology the World
Bank uses.

• Operational NGO’s
Their primary purpose is the design and implementation of development-related
projects. One categorization that is frequently used is the division into relief-oriented
or development-oriented organizations; they can also be classified according to whether
they stress service delivery or participation; or whether they are religious and secular;
and whether they are more public or private-oriented. Operational NGOs can be
community-based, national or international.
• Advocacy NGO’s
Their primary purpose is to defend or promote a specific cause. As opposed to
operational project management, these organizations typically try to raise awareness,
acceptance and knowledge by lobbying, press work and activist events.

Important Features of NGO’s

• Purposes
NGOs exist for a variety of purposes, usually to further the political or social goals of
their members. Examples include improving the state of the natural environment,
encouraging the observance of human rights, improving the welfare of the
disadvantaged, or representing a corporate agenda. However, there are a huge number
of such organizations and their goals cover a broad range of political and philosophical
positions. This can also easily be applied to private schools and athletic organizations.

• Methods
NGOs vary in their methods. Some act primarily as lobbyists, while others conduct
programs and activities primarily. For instance, such an NGO as Oxfam, concerned
with poverty alleviation, might provide needy people with the equipment and skills they
need to find food and clean drinking water.

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• Networking
The International Freedom of Expression exchanges (IFEX), founded in 1992, is global
network of more than 60 non-governmental organizations that promote and defend the
righto freedom of expression.

• Consulting
Many international NGOs have a consultative status with United Nations agencies
relevant to their area of work. As an example, the Third World Network has
consultative status with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
and the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). In 1946, only 41 NGOs had
consultative status with the ECOSOC, but this number had risen to 2,350 in 2003.

• Management of non-governmental organizations

Two management trends are particularly relevant to NGOs: diversity management and
participatory management. Diversity management deals with different cultures in an
organization. Intercultural problems are prevalent in Northern NGOs that are engaged
in developmental activities in the South. Personnel coming from a rich country are
faced with a completely different approach of doing things in the target country. A
participatory management style is said to be typical of NGOs. It is intricately tied to the
concept of a learning organization: all people within the organization are perceived as
sources for knowledge and skills. To develop the organization, individuals have to be
able to contribute in the decision-making process and they need to learn.

• Relations
The relationship among businesses, governments, and NGOs can be quite complex and
sometimes antagonistic. Some advocacy NGOs view opposition to the interests of
Western governments and large corporations as central to their purpose. But NGOs,
governments, and companies sometimes form cooperative, conciliatory partnerships as
well.

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• Staffing
Not all people working for non-governmental organizations are volunteers. Paid staff
members typically receive lower pay than in the commercial private sector. Employees
are highly committed to the aims and principles of the organization. The reasons why
people volunteer is usually not purely altruistic, but self-serving: They expect to gain
skills, experience and contacts.

• Funding
Large NGOs may have annual budgets in the millions of dollars. For instance, the
budget of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) was over $540million
dollars in 1999.Human Rights Watch spent and received US$21, 7 million in2003.
Funding such large budgets demands significant fundraising efforts on the part of most
NGOs. Major sources of NGO funding include membership dues, the sale of goods and
services, grants from international institutions or national governments, and private
donations. Several EU-grants provide funds accessible to NGOs. Even though the term
'non-governmental organization' implies independence of governments, some NGOs
depend heavily on governments for their funding.

• Legal status

The legal form of NGOs is diverse and depends upon homegrown variations in each
country’s laws and practices. However, four main family groups of NGOs can be found
worldwide:

✓ Unincorporated and voluntary association

✓ Trusts, charities and foundations
✓ Companies not just for profit
✓ Entities formed or registered under special NGO or non-profit laws.

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 Range of NGO Activities

In case of India, NGOs have an active role in the following areas:

1)Community Health Promotion and Education Contraception and Intimacy Education.
• General Hygiene
• Waste Disposal
• Water Usage
• Vaccinations
• Youth Counselling Services
• Emerging health crises
• HIV/AIDS education and support
• Hepatitis B education
• Drug Addiction recovery

2)Community Social Problems.

• Juvenile crimes
• Runaway girls
• Street Children
• Prostitution
• Environmental
• Sustainable water and energy consumption education
• Keeping mountains and forests
• clean Economic Microenterprises and Micro-loans

3) Skill training (Computers, technician training, Catering services, clothing and textile,
etc.)

4) Product promotion and distribution (Bazaars etc.)

5) Cooperative creation.

6) Financial consulting.

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7) Career services and job search assistance.

• School construction
• Infrastructure construction
• Cultural centre construction and operation
• Agriculture and Aquaculture expert assistance

8)Women’s Issues
• Women and Children’s Rights
• Battered women assistance centre
• Group therapy for sexually abused women

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 Function of public relation in NGO management

The functions of public relation department differ in different NGO organizations

depending upon their nature and activities. However, there are certain standard functions which
are common to most of the organizations. They are as follows:

1) Policy:
a policy is a statement of guidelines to be followed in the company. Public relation policy is
required for every organization .it has to develop and recommend corporate public relation
policies and has contribute the public relation viewpoint which helps in the formulation of
decision. Its function is not
only to provide the policy to the top management but also to the other sections
and divisions.

2) Publicity:
In order to interact with the public, it is necessary to have corporate publicity. The department
has to undertake the issuance of announcements of corporate activities to the external
communication media. It also has to handle inquiries from the press. It is one of the important
functions of the department to develop and place promotional publicity about the organization
as a whole or any of its units.

3) Relations with Government:

It is necessary to maintain healthy relationship with the government policies as it helps in
conjuring funds in form of government grants and donations etc.

4) Community Relations:
Community contacts should be well planned and co-ordinate. Activity such as environmental
protection standards, equal employment opportunity and cooperating in urban improvement
programme should be undertaken.

5) Shareholders Relations:
In order to attract public money, it is necessary and important to maintain good relations with
corporate stockholders. This can be done in the form of communication between the company

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and the shareholder including the investors. The company can be made more acceptable among
the investors by broadening the exposure of the company policies and financial results in the
investment community. These includes preparation of annual reports, etc. it has also to plan
and stage the annual meetings of the shareholders.

6) Product Publicity:
The public relation department has to develop and execute the promotional product publicity
campaigns. In case of NGO organizations, they promote them product as the cause for which
the NGO is operating e.g. welfare, child welfare, nature and health awareness, aids awareness
etc .in these publicities the focus is on the cause and how to popularize them. It includes
announcement of new cause or products through the editorial channels of communication
media.

7) Employee Publications:
The public relation department has to prepare a corporate donation policy for the company
contributions various aspects involved in this function include processing request for donation,
administering company’s foundation etc.

8) Promotion Programme:
The public relation programmes broadly cover institutional promotion programmes design to
build corporate acceptance of key policies, special events, public relations, literature and
institutional advertising other functions include:

• Public relation education programme.

• Advisory functions.
• Co-coordinating activities.
• Conveying and interpretations.

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An NGO approach to solving community problems with help of public relation

When an NGO approaches solving a problem, they can pursue the following structure:

• Gather information on the issue

• What exactly is the problem?
• What is causing the problem?
• Who are the persons/organizations?
• Responsible (for e.g. it could be a particular department of the government/an
industry)?
• What are the consequences going to be? Assess magnitude, quality and
prevalence.
• What are the alternatives/possible solutions?
• How much would they cost? Is it better to invest the money in other projects?
• Talk to people in the community to hear different views that will enable a
holistic view of the issue.
• Talk to people who are in-charge and hear their side of the issue. Tell them
about the problems that you see.
• You may be able to work towards solving problems together if you do not see
yourself as hostile parties.
• Connect with people to increase awareness
• Ask older, influential or respected people in the community to address public
gatherings.
• Use the media (newspapers and the internet) to generate interest, communicate
the facts and discuss options.
• Write polite, succinct articles for magazines and newspapers identifying the
issues.
• Include people from diverse backgrounds, so that your organization is not linked
with any particular political party or religious sect.
• For fundraising purposes, let people know why funds are needed and how they
will be used. Transparent and detailed accounts are imperative to build trust.
• Link up with other NGOs to maximize the effect of the effort.

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 NGO Analysis
Introduction & History

What is CSR?

The voluntary compliance of social and ecological responsibility of companies is called

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Corporate social responsibility is basically a concept
whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better society and a cleaner
environment. Corporate social responsibility is represented by the contributions undertaken by
companies to society through its business activities and its social investment. This is also to
connect the Concept of sustainable development to the company’s level. Over the last years an
increasing number of companies worldwide started promoting their Corporate Social
Responsibility strategies because the customers, the public and the investors expect them to act
sustainable as well as responsible. In most cases CSR is a result of a variety of social,
environmental and economic pressures.

The Term Corporate Social Responsibility is imprecise and its application differs. CSR can
not only refer to the compliance of human right standards, labour and social security
arrangements, but also to the fight against climate change, sustainable management of natural
resources and consumer protection. The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility was first
mentioned 1953 in the publication ‗Social Responsibilities of the Businessman ‘by William J.
Bowen. However, the term CSR became only popular in the 1990s, when the German Beta
pharm, a generic pharmaceutical company decided to implement CSR. The generic market is
characterized by an interchangeability of products. In 1997 a halt in sales growth led the
company to the realization that in the generic drugs market companies could not differentiate
on price or quality. This was the prelude for the company to adopt CSR as an expression of the
company’s values and as a part of its corporate strategies. By using strategic and social
commitment for families with chronically ill children, Beta pharm took a strategic advantage.

• Organizations understanding their role in developing a society and

• Awareness among business houses, corporate bodies, and the people.

Versatile, profitable, and dynamic businesses are the driving forces that build the economy of
the country. We must remember that the growth of a country purely depends on the growth
of the society and the people in the society.

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 Profile of the Organizations:

What is Rotaract?

“Rotaract clubs are part of a global effort to bring peace and international understanding to the
world. This effort starts at the community level but knows no limits in its outreach. Rotaractors
have access to the many resources of Rotary International (RI) and The Rotary Foundation.
Rotary International provides the administrative support that helps Rotaract clubs thrive.”

About Rotaract Movement

Rotaract is a Rotary-sponsored service club for young men and women ages 18 to 30. Rotaract
clubs are usually community-based or university-based and are sponsored by a local Rotary
club making them true “partners in service” and key members of the Rotary family. Rotaract
is defined as the youth wing of Rotary International. Rotaract basically stands for Rotary – in
– Action. Rotaract is a youth organization, which is non-political, non-religious and not-for
profit. It is voluntary organization.
Rotaract covers Mumbai right from Churchgate to Virar on the western railway, C. S. T. to
Mulund on the central railway and parts of Kurla to Chembur and Vashi. There are about 70
active clubs speared across these regions. The members are primarily between the age group
16* – 30 years i.e., young people from college students to working professionals.

The purpose of Rotaract:

“The purpose of Rotaract is to provide an opportunity for young men and woman to enhance
the knowledge and skills that will assist them in personal development, to address the physical
and social needs of their communities, and to promote better relationships between all people
worldwide, through a framework of friendship and service”

Activities:
The activities of Rotaract are diverse and have various avenues. Our focus area includes social
service and professional development of members. On the periphery, we organize projects
exclusively for the interest of the members of the organization. The projects are planned,
budgeted, executed by the club’s members themselves. The financing of the projects is mainly
done through sponsorships of various kinds. Being a member of a Rotaract club will allow you
to actively serve the community while at the same time giving you.

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 About Rotaract Club of Nani-Mumbai, Vashi

The Rotaract Club of Navi-Mumbai Vashi is one of the well-known and recognized clubs in
the Rotary district 3141 (Mumbai). This club has been highly active in various avenues such
as social welfare activities, youth development activities, personal development activities to
name few. It has undertaken various projects including Aids awareness camp & Career
Guidance Seminar. It has been nominated for District level awards.

RCNMV is the club with the young heart, the average age of the members being between 16-
30. The club resembles today’s youth who is very much aware of his/ her social responsibilities
and is willing to take upon the challenge to change the situation for the betterment of the
society.

Rotaract Club Vashi – Service

✓ Community service
✓ Club service
✓ Sports
✓ Professional Development
✓ Partner in service
✓ Public relation

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 Initiative of Rotaract Clube Navi-Mumbai Vashi

Cloth for Work (CFW)

When they talk of basic needs, they say food, cloth & shelter, but in the list of development
subjects which has more than 100 -150 issues; from domestic violence to global warming,
clothing is not listed as a subject. They think of clothes during disasters only. Why a basic need
of entire human kind is treated as disaster relief material? Why do we treat Cloth as mere
charitable object- to donate?

Worldwide when we think of resources for any kind of development work, we think of money.
RCNMV works on turning old material as a resource for hundreds of rural development
activities. Communities have built huge bamboo bridges, dug up wells, have done bunding of
acres of land, developed small irrigation canals, have built drainage systems, built village
schools and have taken up massive exercises of repairing roads, developing water harvesting
systems to cleaning up water bodies. All these works are done not by paying wages to people
but by making them understand their own community power, using old material as a reward.
RCNMV is using material from the cities as an entry point into people’s lives. This is a work
where not only the old underutilized material fills up the gaps of resources in development
works but is also dignifying the act of Giving, now thousands of people don’t get material as
charity or donation but earn as reward in lieu of their work.

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Child education: -Ek Zaroorat

Did you know?

✓ 50% of Indian children aged 6-18 years do not attend school.

✓ 53% of girls in the age group of 5 to 9 years are illiterate.
✓ 25 million of orphaned children lie behind India’s booming success.
✓ Over 60 million Children of our upcoming future generation work as child labourer.
✓ According to UNICEF, 47% of girls are married by 18 years of age, and 18% are
married by 15 years of age. Of these, 20% are mothers to at least one child. Child
marriages are result of lack of education.

Child Education - Ek Zaroorat is a Rotaract Initiative with objective of appropriate basic

educational help and materials from a place of abundance to a place of need and sending
underprivileged children school and supporting their basic educational needs as providing basic
educational materials as books, stationary, bags, school dresses, tuition & school fee and all
other educational needs. They have high hopes that those of us who are more fortunate will
respond to this call of balance, care, compassion and all will join hands with Green Yatra to
feel the sheer joy of giving and helping our Mother Earth to make it more beautiful, clean,
green and pollution free for a better Present and Future. This can be done by donating just one
month's old newspapers (raddi).

School to School (S2S)

A small village school’s needs are very basic. Normally students don’t even have a pencil or
copy to write on and a bag, school uniform, mats for sitting etc. are distant dreams. Scores of
children leave schools for unimaginably petty reasons like lack of a water bottle or inability of
parents to pay the recurring expense of a note book, things easily channelized from
underutilized material in the cities.

What they do
‘School to School’ is a unique solution to a problem faced by thousands of remote village
schools, which lack infrastructure and basic facilities, critical for a child to have basic
experience of schooling. School to School (S2S) initiative is addressing the educational
needs of thousands of remote & resource starved village/ slum schools by channelizing
under-utilised material of city’s affluent schools. While connecting the two extreme ends of

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the society, it opens a space of interaction between the two as well. Without burdening anyone,
‘School to School’ makes channel cost-effective and easily replicable concept, evolved on the
basis of prevalent practices in urban schools.

The Process & Social Impact:

The idea is to motivate urban school kids to contribute the material that they are not using
anymore, as every year most children buy a new set of uniforms, copies, stationery, water
bottles, shoes, lunch box etc. when they move on to the next class. The urban children, parents
& school authorities are sensitized about the needs of their less fortunate counterparts;
Materials like old books, uniforms, shoes, school bags, etc. Are channelized to thousands of
village children, motivating them towards learning. It is not given as charity, but as a reward
after a regular monitoring on a series of behaviour, attitude, and performance aspects.

Mission Education

What they Did Last Year (All over country)

• 21,346 children directly provided education through 120 centres in 21 states

• 50% of total beneficiaries enrolled were girl children education, to ensure a fair state
for all
• 100% children received regular nutrition & health care support

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Toys Donation

People donate their used old Toys to volunteer. People used old/new toys will be passed on to
the orphanages and shelters for mentally retarded children. Groups of kids live together in
children's homes so toys are always in demand at these places.

Shelters
There are a number of shelters that will gladly take used toys. Shelters for women and the
homeless are often overlooked as toy donation sites but children end up at these locations too.
Look for shelters in your area through the phone book or online to brighten up someone's life
in the darkest of circumstances.

Children's Homes
Groups of kids live together in children's homes so toys are always in demand. The number
of children's homes has gone down over the years, but there are still plenty to choose from
globally.

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Cycle Donation

What is the issue, problem, or challenge?

In rural areas of India more than 50% of girls drop out of school after Class 5. Although school
is free, transport costs deter rural families from sending girls to school. These families seek a
mobile solution to make education a reality for their daughters.

How will this project solve this problem?

In order to offer girls a chance at an education, we provide bicycles to them whose family do
not afford it.

Potential Long-Term Impact

The girls deserve the chance to go to school, only through education can they become
independent and successful, and be released from poverty and repression. As ongoing projects,
we try to give bicycles to girls each year, allowing them to continue their schooling

Women Empowerment
Swabhiman
Swabhiman was initiated with the conviction that education is a cornerstone for development
and empowerment of women. Hence, an intervention supporting the education of adolescent
girls forms an integral part of this programme. Illiteracy, low priority on education for girls,
very high dropout rate among adolescent girls, are some of the contextual and societal
processes which this intervention addresses and focuses on the age group of young adolescent
girls in the age group of 10-19 years.

A survey on the rate of out-of-school-girls, conducted in the Swabhiman intervention areas

show that while 12% of the girls never went to school; 88% discontinued their schooling in the
early years itself for reasons mainly like distance of the school, monetary limitations,
engagement in household work or family business, looking after siblings and disapproval of
parents.

Swabhiman programme identifies truly deserving but needy young adolescent girls in its
intervention areas and provides full educational support to them. The programme, in addition,
tries to bring about positive changes in the parental attitude of the girls by sensitizing them

25
about the importance of sending their daughters to school, letting them finish their education
thus creating good employment opportunities, resulting in overall development of the family.

The beneficiaries of this intervention of Swabhiman programme are girls who are victims of
very difficult circumstances. They are mainly children of sex workers, children of leprosy or
HIV/AIDS affected parents, children of single mothers, street children and children of victims
of trafficked women.

Say No to Plastic Bags

The plastic bags you bring home from the supermarket probably end up in a landfill. Every
year, more than 500 billion plastic bags are distributed, and less than 3% of those bags are
recycled. They are typically made of polyethylene and can take up to 1,000 years to biodegrade
in landfills that emit harmful greenhouse gases. Rotaract club helps educate people about the
ill effects of using plastic through informative stickers and leaflets at Vegetable and fruits
vendors.

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Bag for Cause

"Say NO to plastic and non-woven bags, save earth, empower underprivileged and tribal
women."

Plastic, non-woven bags, E-waste have hazardous impacts on the environment, nature, human
and animals’ lives. It is misbalancing marine ecosystem and killing marine lives, animals.
Plastic bags have been one of the reasons for the heavy floods in Mumbai and Chennai.

To solve this issue, Rotaract has come up with solution Bag for Cause. This project is working
to save the environment from harmful and deadly plastic, non-woven bags, E-waste helping
to empower underprivileged and tribal women

Bag for because Bags Are:

✓ Durable
✓ Washable
✓ Economical
✓ Available in different sizes and designs.
✓ Good for daily use to grocery stores, office, college etc.

Few benefits to support to “Bag for cause”

✓ GST Free
✓ Direct help in employment for Underprivileged Tribal Women.

How It Works?

Bag for Cause is not just saving environment though empowering underprivileged and tribal
women and creating a livelihood for the same. We identify needy women in the rural and urban
area and facilitate them bags stitching, designing training and sewing machines. We are running
a training centre in Vashi, Sanpada and Mahape area dedicated to train and empower tribal
women since 2012. We are aiming to empower 1000 underprivileged and tribal women in

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2018. Keeping this vision in mind, we are working to set up more training centre in Navi
Mumbai, Thane, Palghar and Raigad districts. A woman can make 15-100 bags daily and earn
good amount of money along with taking care of her family and household works. We are
appealing corporate, individuals, housing to help us to set up training centres, arrange sewing
machines and a transportation vehicle under CSR.

Woman empowerment:

What they Did Last Year (All over in India)

• 68030 women & girl children were benefitted & empowered

• 112 women & girls were trained to change agents to help sustain the change in
communities
• Over 26,500 community members were sensitised & counselled on issues concerning
women right

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 Social wellbeing impacts

The most significant contribution of the project is on the social and emotional side of residents’
quality of life. For many, the involvement of volunteers has delivered fundamental
socialisation, company and ‘someone to talk to’ ranging from very basic ‘sitting and being’ or
handholding to more substantial long term one-to-one befriending relationships and support.
These befriending relationships can involve trips outside of the home, relationships with
relatives and a whole range of social and practical support with some developing into genuine
and occasionally deep friendships. For those living with moderate or severe dementia the
volunteers have provided social stimulation and company even where the resident does not
recognise them.

Emotional wellbeing impacts

Very closely related to social impacts, the effective involvement of the volunteers was seen by
stakeholders to have major positive impacts on the emotional wellbeing of residents including
helping them settle within the home, adding purpose to their lives, enjoyment, supporting them
in overcoming bereavement and generally reducing distress and anxiety. The only negative
impacts for residents were the emotional effects of volunteers withdrawing after a close bond
had been formed.

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 How will you contribute for society?

Some people claim that their personal success and secure position has been justly earned
without help from others along the way. However, this attitude is selfish, egotistical, and naive.
In addition to fulfilling a responsibility, there are many benefits of charitable giving –
primarily, it makes you happier. “happier people give more and giving makes people happier,
such that happiness and giving may operate in a positive feedback loop.

Give Back to Your Community

Offer to Help Family

In the hectic lifestyle of the 21st century, the needs of family members are often overlooked.
Parents busy raising their own children may forget the plight of their own parents, assuming
they are capable of taking care of themselves. Many adult children presume their parents will
speak up if they need anything. This is not always the case, especially when Granddad or
Grandma have been independent for years. Older people – parents, aunts and uncles, long-time
family friends – are often reluctant to share their growing frailty, loneliness, or isolation with
their children.

Caring for elderly parents may be necessary, so consider the needs of your own family
members first. Drop by for coffee on a Saturday morning, mow the yard, or accompany elderly
parents on a shopping trip. Invite them to your child’s soccer games or other family activities.

Volunteer at Your Local School

Educators are overworked, stressed, and disillusioned about the educational infrastructure –
and they need help. Despite knowing that schools work best when the community is actively
involved, too many parents and community members believe it’s someone else’s responsibility
to solve the problems of education.

Children need role models and people who care about their lives and behaviour. Whether you
read stories to elementary school students, monitor outdoor activities, chaperone field trips, or
spend a Saturday beautifying the school grounds, your efforts will be recognized and
appreciated. Moreover, you can make an investment that will pay dividends in the future.

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Organize a Yard Sale for Charity

If your talents lie in business, administration, or marketing, consider organizing a yard sale for
your community, dedicating the proceeds to a local charity. Almost every household has
electronics, furniture, clothes, or equipment that can be donated because they’re no longer in
use. These items have value and can be recycled to those who will use them again.

Visit a Senior Centre

Too many nursing homes are turned into dumping grounds for older people whose families are
gone or are unavailable, and many residents are desperate for conversation and connections
with people outside the centre. An hour or two a week can make a huge difference in the attitude
and outlook of the residents, and you may learn something about life from those who have
already travelled the journey before you.

Coach a Local Youth Team

The old saying, “Idle hands are the Devil’s workshop,” is especially true for children and
teenagers. Playing sports teaches kids teamwork, responsibility, and the joy of being physically
fit.

Unfortunately, many kids don’t have the opportunity to participate in sports because there
aren’t enough coaches or assistants. There are openings in almost every sport in every
community for compassionate teachers and volunteer coaches. While some experience is
helpful, it’s not always essential for you to be a good youth league coach.

Be a Good Neighbour

Before the widespread use of air conditioning, residents of a community were more likely to
spend time outside getting to know one another, rather than retreating inside to escape the heat.
Now it’s common for neighbours not to know one another; rather, people simply return home
from work each night and head inside.

Participation in a neighbourhood organization builds a sense of community and provides

valuable services to those within the neighbourhood. Many neighbourhood associations have

31
community watch programs, assist with neighbourhood beautification and park projects, and
represent the community to local government officials. Knowing your neighbours increases a
sense of personal security and connection to those around you.

Organize a Food Co-op

Food co-ops – cooperative efforts to buy food in volume to distribute to co-op members –
initially started as a way to save money on grocery purchases. Increasingly, they are vehicles
that enable members to buy fresh, naturally grown foods directly from farmers and producers
at below-market prices.

Co-ops are typically non-profit organizations that rely on volunteers, and advocates claim they
offer better nutrition for lower prices. Bountiful Baskets initially started with a single site in
Arizona, but now has more than 100 sites in multiple states, and it continues to grow.

Volunteer at a Hospital

Hospital volunteers provide crucial support to hospitals, and also offer comfort and
convenience to patients, families, and visitors. Volunteer opportunities include everything from
manning information booths, to sitting with patients or working with children. Duties might
involve helping with food service or pushing wheelchairs. Hospitals have a wide variety of
volunteer needs that are suitable for all ages.

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 Problem faced by RCNMV during development work

• Increasing transport cost & rentals for storage space, vehicles

• Technology; high-end laptops & computers to streamline data and systems.

• Documentation of knowledge, new idea and innovative approaches in our work, since
our inception.

• Mis-match in the supply of specific material like sarees (as no alternative for traditional
dress), children clothing, school material winter clothing & blankets etc.

• Financial Resources, retaining and nurturing our values and processes instead of
depending on typical investment models or funding agencies way.

• Marketing of event through digital

• Fund rising

• Less number of volunteer

• Limited capacity

• Lack of public participation

• Government policy

33
 Problem faced by NGO’s in India

Absence of Strategic Planning

• Many NGOs suffer from the lack of a cohesive, strategic plan that would facilitate
success in their activities and mission. This renders them unable to effectively raise and
capitalize on financial support.

Poor Governance and Networking

• A lack of effective governance is all too common in NGOs. Many have a deficit of
understanding as to why they must have a Board and how to set one up. A founder may
be too focused on running the NGO for their own purposes; however, governance is
foundational to transparency.

• Poor or disorganized networking is another major challenge, as it can cause duplicated

efforts, time inefficiencies, conflicting strategies and an inability to learn from
experience. The more NGOs communicate with one another, with International Non-
Governmental Organizations (INGOs) and with the community at large, the more
effective all of them can be. However, many NGOs perceive INGOs as hindering or
even threatening to their goals and missions.

• Many NGOs do not maximize the use of current technologies that could facilitate better
communication and networking. More effective use of technology can assist NGOs in
staying abreast of important regional, national and global concerns.

Limited Capacity

• NGOs often lack the technical and organizational capacity to implement and fulfil their
mission, and few are willing or able to invest in training for capacity building. Weak
capacity affects fundraising ability, governance, leadership and technical areas.

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 Fund raising:
• Most of the NGOs in India are suffering from paucity of funds. Government does not
give cent percent grants in aid or make delay in sanctions of grants for numerous
programmes. NGOs have to make matching contributions which they are sometimes
unable to manage and are, therefore, unable to avail themselves of the grants. Now a
day’s charity is not so strong in the minds and hearts of the people as it was in the
ancient society. This was another region for languish of funds for NGOs

Lack of Dedicated Leadership

• Leadership qualities of the leaders in NGOs determine the quality and condition of the
services rendered by any organization. Especially dedicated leadership, ‘Leadership for
the sake of Leadership’ is a most important governing factor in this regard. In the post-
independence era, unfortunately, the NGOs faced the crisis of leadership as the leaders
who pioneered voluntary action and worked for it with spirit of devotion and dedication
choose to enter politics to find berths in legislatures and parliament thus creating a
vacuum for dedication l leadership in NGOs. With some expectations the leadership is
concentrated in the hands of elderly people.

Lack of Public Participation

• NGOs are meant to provide opportunities to the citizens for democratic participation
but they have not been able to fulfil this obligation due to the method and manner in
which they function, and failed to attract people, interested in construction work and
develop channels for people’s enthusiastic participation. Some of the factors
responsible for such a state of affairs are general backwardness of the people, absence
of adequate number of dedicated persons, over emphasis on targets and time bound
programmes, political interference and vested interests, easy availability of funds
without proper planning and assessment of felt needs and safeguards for the
community, distrust of agencies and workers who do not have a base in the community
and are unable to win its support and lack of decentralization which could give a feeling
of being partners in development rather than development being thrust from above.

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Lack of Coordination

• The absence of coordination between NGOs existing at local, state and national level
has laid to the common problems such as overlapping, duplication, noncoordinating
etc, the absence of such a common forum also incapacitates NGOs to offer united stand
against the government when it humiliates them by extraneous considerations at the
behest of politicians and egoistic government officers. Moreover, the state of affairs
also does not facilitate exchange of information, data collection, research, training and
publication and also does not create favourable conditions where common difficulties
can be placed before the government.

Lack of Volunteerism/Social work

• among Youth The basic characteristic of NGO is volunteerism. In early days, youth are
making their career in volunteerism but that enthusiasm seems to have faded these days.
The extent of volunteerism is declining day by day and turning it into
professionalisation. Even the young graduates from social work are interested in
making their career in professionalism. This leads to lack of efficient volunteers in
NGOs.

Modernization

• Because of modernization, professionalisation and introduction of management

techniques, the traditional NGOs need certain minimum, infrastructure and
administrative expenses. Unfortunately, grants-in-aid rules do not allow for such
administrative expenditure except contingencies. This leads to evaporations of
traditional NGOs in the country which use to lead by great leaders.

Inadequate Trained Personnel

• It is believed that the personnel working in NGOs may be of personnel working in such
organizations is a sense of dedication and commitment and interest in the social
services.

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 Suggested remedies to the problems of the NGOs in India.

1. The government of India should liberalize the rules and regulations of grants-in-aid
and to sanction more grants to NGOs. At the same time, the government should
appoint commissions of enquiry or committees to cross check the misuse of funds
by NGOs. The member of committee has to supervise and monitor the activities of
NGOs periodically.

2. Young graduates from universities, colleges and schools should conduct the public
seminars, meetings etc., and use the local media to advertise the importance of
volunteerism, success stories of NGOs and encourage people to participate in
voluntarism.

3. In India, 65% of populations belong to rural areas. NGOs, therefore, need to operate
in rural areas on a bigger scale to enlist the cooperation of village people in making
their lives better. At the same time, these NGOs should encourage the educated
young graduates of rural areas to participate in voluntarism.

4. NGOs being a welfare organization should maintain high standard of quality in

service. The government also should recognize those NGOs, by giving awards or
rewards with additional grants. This would motivate the other NGOs to work
efficiently.

5. The government should revise the pay-scales and allowances to the personnel of
NGOs. At the same time some special funds to be allotted for the NGOs to train the
personnel at the grass root level.

6. The NGOs should use of latest technologies like internet, websites etc., for raising
of their funds, to have mutual associations, to advertise their products and for the
selection of efficient personals.

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 Conclusion

An NGO is a non-governmental organization that is driven and task-oriented by individuals

with one common interest. Most of the NGOs are usually structured around specific issues like
health, human rights or environment. An NGO provides expertise and analysis and thus assists
in monitoring international agreements. NGOs are very important since they offer an
organization for local communication, action and also distributing resources when there are no
existing local organizations. In fact, an NGO provides a mechanism that could possibly work
where the government has failed. As a result, it supports grass roots initiatives as well as
recognizing and responding to the realities of the local people. Next, cheaper to implement.
Since NGOs are actual non-profit organizations, various projects can be achieved without
having to use the government’s money. This is because there are many private donors who
support the NGOs and this means that there will never be a lack of resources. Additionally,
NGOs provide a good alternative to creating mass access structures. These mass access
structures are extremely cumbersome, unreliable and costly. Another major advantage of
NGOs is that they have the capability of communicating at all levels. This means that they can
easily interact with the local people and relay their messages to top levels of the government.
They are also capable of recruiting highly motivated staff and experts with lesser restrictions
than employees working for the government. NGOs are flexible in becoming accustomed to
local conditions and responding to the local needs. For that reason, they can experiment freely
with new approaches and take risks if necessary. They can develop integrated projects to help
the local people. The major shortcoming of NGOs is the overdependence on private financial
resources, especially when the donors fail to make their donations.

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 Personal learning learns from an NGO
I am working in NGO named RCNMV. After working for so many days, I asked myself that
what have I learned till now? I am more interested in getting deep rooted experience than
anything else.

1. Effective use of government resources- Even though NGO stands for non-
government organisation but let me make one thing very clear-- maximum things NGO
do with the support of government only. They don’t have much resources and esp.
authority to execute anything independently. Public system is considered to be
disorganised and slow, but I work in public system slowly I would learn to use its
resources effectively. I know about government policies, plans, and methods more or
equivalent to any government employee.

2. Work for a cause-I have met many people in my life who claim that they don’t work
for money, but I consider all of them as liars; because everybody in this world
ultimately works to earn its livelihood. NGO proves that you can work for money and
social welfare both at same point of time.

3. Control on your personal ego- When you are working for something ahead of your
personal agenda, your ego starts vanishing.

4. Leading without authority- There is an old saying- Any man can handle adversity,
but if you want to judge his character give him power. I want to add something into
this- if you want to judge the character of a man give him ‘responsibility’ and take away
the ‘power’, and then see how he or she acts. In an NGO, you don’t have any direct
authority in the system. You have to do everything with the cooperation of others and,
then you meet your real self, then you realize how competent are you? We all can fight
with weapons, but we all can’t fight with the help of our own thoughts and opinions.

• Time management,
• People Management
• Team work

39
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https://www.rotary.org/en/get-involved/rotaract-clubs

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https://ngosindia.com/

http://www.giveindia.org/certified-indian-ngos.aspx

https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/india/ngos-in-india

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http://maximpactblog.com/what-challenges-do-ngos-face-and-what-are-the-solutions/

http://www.atlascorps.org/blog/challenges-faced-ngos/

https://www.gaiam.com/blogs/discover/4-ways-to-give-back-to-your-community

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