TECHNOLOGY 1

BY IVAN FOY
DIGITAL VIDEO FORMATS

Size and download time is a huge effect on the limitation of a multimedia product and how fast it can be made, most of the design files alone
are a few GB's, making the time for downloading the content longer and if the client doesn't have that great internet connection then there
could be problems in downloading the content, so a way that me and my work colleagues send work over to a client is put everything they
need into one ZIP folder and send it them that way since the file size is smaller and quicker to download the work gets to the client faster
with no issue of having to wait for a long download because of the file size begin huge, so once the ZIP folder downloaded all that the client
has to do is click on the ZIP folder then it should act as if it’s a jack in a box with the original file within expanding it its original file size and
allowing the client to view the content easily, however depend on their file space and RAM to make sure the file will open up on their pc
could be an issue epically if the file is a few GB's in size.
Things like disk space does strongly effect the way that the file is sent off and received between agencies and clients normally companies have
a server to go off to make working as a team easier and faster with a set amount of storage of about 50 – 100 TB's which is a lot of file
space so for most companies this isn't a huge issue between file transfers.
As a designer myself I would strongly suggest having an enteral hard drive or a USB drive so that work that you have worked on can be put
onto the drive and allow the RAM/ROM within the computer to have more space for the memory allowing the CPU to run faster meaning
that the download time is lowered but it still depends on the internet download speed, in other words MS (milliseconds) or otherwise
known as ping can determine the limitations of download so the higher number of MS the longer the download time will be at my work my
MS is around 19 which isn't bad for Manchester, as for my college its around 40ms meaning that the download time is slower at college than
it is at my work.
MP4
 MPEG-4 Part 14 or MP4 is a digital multimedia container format most commonly used to store video and audio, but it can also be used to store other data such as subtitles and still
images. Like most modern container formats, it allows streaming over the Internet. The only official filename extension for MPEG-4 Part 14 files is .mp4. MPEG-4 Part 14 is a standard
specified as a part of MPEG-4. Portable media players are sometimes advertised as "MP4 Players", although some are simply MP3 Players that also play AMV video or some other video
format, and do not necessarily play the MPEG-4 Part 14 format. M4A stands for MPEG 4 Audio and is a filename extension used to represent audio files. The existence of two different
filename extensions, .MP4 and .M4A, for naming audio-only MP4 files has been a source of confusion among users and multimedia playback software.
 Some file managers, such as Windows Explorer, look up the media type and associated applications of a file based on its filename extension. But since MPEG-4 Part 14 is a container
format, MPEG-4 files may contain any number of audio, video, and even subtitle streams, therefore it is impossible to determine the type of streams in an MPEG-4 file based on its
filename extension alone.
 Examples such as Apple Inc. started using the .m4a filename extension for MP4 containers with audio data in the lossy Advanced Audio Coding or its own Apple Lossless formats.
Software capable of audio/video playback should recognize files with either .m4aor .mp4 filename extensions, as would be expected, since there are no file format differences between
the two. Most software capable of creating MPEG-4 audio will allow the user to choose the filename extension of the created MPEG-4 files.

Advantages:
Using MP4 would allow video and sound to be used within one file and so by doing this I will be able to just keep everything under one file and with that I will be able to do just that with all of
the different aspects for my project.

Disadvantages:
The only real downside of this is the file size which will be an issue when using this file format and could make it hard to move about this piece of work and in doing so I could access some
aspects.
AVI

 Audio Video Interleaved, known by its initials AVI, is a multimedia container format introduced by Microsoft in November 1992 as part of its Video for Windows software. AVI files can
contain both audio and video data in a file container that allows synchronous audio-with-video playback. Like the DVD video format, AVI files support multiple streaming audio and video,
although these features are seldom used. Most AVI files also use the file format extensions developed by the Matrox OpenDML group in February 1996. These files are supported by
Microsoft, and are unofficially called "AVI 2.0".
 AVI is a sub format of the Resource Interchange File Format, which divides a file's data into blocks, or "chunks." Each "chunk" is identified by a Four CC tag. An AVI file takes the form of
a single "chunk" in a RIFF formatted file, which is then subdivided into two mandatory "chunks" and one optional "chunk".
 This sub-chunk is the file header and contains metadata about the video, such as its width, height and frame rate. The second sub-chunk is identified by the movie tag. This chunk contains
the actual audio/visual data that make up the AVI movie. The third optional sub-chunk is identified by the "idx1" tag which indexes the offsets of the data chunks within the file.
 By way of the RIFF format, which is an abbreviation for coder/decoder. Upon creation of the file, the codec translates between raw data and the (compressed) data format used inside
the chunk. An AVI file may carry audio/visual data inside the chunks in virtually any compression scheme, including Full Frame (Uncompressed), Intel Real Time, Cinepak, Motion JPEG,
Editable MPEG, VDOWave, Clear Video / Real Video, QPEG, and MPEG-4 Video.

Advantages:
Using this file format I could be able to make a small clippings of video and so by doing this I could be able to access some aspects that are needed for me to change and adjust within the mp4
file and change the sound so that the sound is exactly as I need it.

Disadvantages:
This file is really the only used when editing the sound and is normally converted into a different file type once finished.
FLV

 Flash Video is a container file format used to deliver digital video content over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player version 6 and newer. Flash Video content may also be
embedded within SWF files.There are two different video file formats known as Flash Video: FLV and F4V.The audio and video data within FLV files are encoded in the
same manner as they are within SWF files.The F4V file format is based on the ISO base media file format and is starting with Flash Player 9 update 3. Both formats are
supported in Adobe Flash Player and developed by Adobe Systems. FLV was originally developed by Macromedia. In the early 2000s, Flash Video used to be the de
facto standard for web-based streaming video. Notable users of it include Hulu,VEVO,Yahoo! Video,metacafe,Reuters.com, and many other news providers.
 Flash Video FLV files usually contain material encoded with codecs following the Sorenson Spark or VP6 video compression formats.The most recent public releases of
Flash Player also support H.264 video and HE-AAC audio.All of these compression formats are restricted by patents. Flash Video is viewable on most operating
systems via the Adobe Flash Player and web browser plugin or one of several third-party programs.Apple's iOS devices, along with almost all other mobile devices, do not
support the Flash Player plugin and so require other delivery methods such as provided by the Adobe Flash Media Server.

Advantages:
FLV is used a lot for mobile video file format and so by doing this I will be able to publish the companies advert on mobile for users to see and comment on it.

Disadvantages:
It will take some time for the file to covert from mp4 to a flv since after all it has to adjust the whole file to a flv so that it can run on mobile and be shown to mobile viewers.
SWF

 SWF is an abbreviation for small web format, an Adobe Flash file format used for multimedia, vector graphics and ActionScript. Originating with FutureWave Software, then transferred
to Macromedia, and then coming under the control of Adobe, SWF files can contain animations or applets of varying degrees of interactivity and function. They may also occur in
programs, commonly browser games, using ActionScript.
 Programmers can generate SWF files from within several Adobe products, including Flash, Flash Builder, Adobe Animate, and After Effects, as well as through MXMLC, a command-line
application compiler which forms part of the freely-available Flex SDK. Although Adobe Illustrator can generate SWF format files through its "export" function, it cannot open or edit
them. Other than using Adobe products, one can build SWFs with open-source Motion-Twin ActionScript 2 Compiler (MTASC), the open-source Ming library and the free-
software suite SWFTools. Various other third-party programs can also produce files in this format, such as Multimedia Fusion 2, Captivate and SWiSH Max.
 The term "SWF" has originated as an abbreviation for ShockWave Flash. This usage was changed to the backronym Small Web Format to eliminate confusion with a different
technology, Shockwave, from which SWF derived. There is no official resolution to the acronym "SWF" by Adobe.

Advantages:
This file format would be used for after effects on my project so it is very important for me to use and adjust to my very own liking and be used once I have completed the premiere pro file.

Disadvantages:
It will take time for the video file to be converted from swf to a mp4 and so because of that it will not be very time effective and so with this I can be able to adjust aspects that I requested.
3GP

3GP is a multimedia container format defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project for 3G UMTS multimedia services. It is used on 3G mobile phones but can also be played on
some 2G and 4G phones. The 3GP file format stores video streams as formats like:

 MPEG-4, H.263

Audio streams as:

 AMR-NB, AMR-WB, AMR-WB+, AAC-LC, HE-AAC v1, Enhanced aacPlus.

3GPP allowed use of AMR and H.263 codecs in the ISO base media file format, because 3GPP specified the usage of the Sample Entry and template fields in the ISO base media file format as well as defining new
boxes to which codecs refer. These extensions were registered by the registration authority for code-points in ISO base media file format. For the storage of MPEG-4 media specific information in 3GP files, the
3GP specification refers to MP4 and the AVC file format, which are also based on the ISO base media file format. The MP4 and the AVC file format specifications described usage of MPEG-4 content in the ISO
base media file format. A 3GP file is always big-endian, storing and transferring the most significant bytes first.

Advantages:
3gp is used a lot for mobile video file format and so by doing this I will be able to publish the companies advert on mobile for users to see and comment on it.

Disadvantages:

It will take some time for the file to covert from mp4 to a 3gp since after all it has to adjust the whole file to a flv so that it can run on mobile and be shown to mobile viewers.
CONCLUSION

Overall these file formats has allowed me to see that the way I can use this in my upcoming project has been shown across
a wide range of users computers is different and unique with each one allowing things like plug-ins, download speeds and
file sizes to be different, this said I feel that learning about this information now is key since when I will be developing the
upcoming project, I will need a deep understanding of how to develop my upcoming project to use these file types to help
me out in the development allowing me to draw in a bigger range of customers for my clients, however I must keep in
mind the different file types, how to compress files and what sort of file format I should use to show off my work to the
client and allowing me to gain some reputation between companies and hopefully lead to a few partnerships.

Reefing back to what I said on file formats I feel that I should look into more about these since I don't normally use them
for my work but I always use file formats for my video games so I will have to see what adobe has on their own software
since I could think of a few different ideas that could allow me to do my work faster and easier, so I will have to see what
there is instore for me to use for my work and hopefully I will be able to use these for my job and college work so that I
get more free time to work on other project and play some video games.