Katrina Jolly

Period 5/6/12 AP
1/20/18
Compiled Annotations (APA)

“A dermoid sinus in a Siberian Husky.” Veterinary Dermatology, Blackwell Science Ltd, 5 Jan.
2002, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-3164.1999.00116.x/full. Accessed 17
Sept. 2017.

This article discusses a case of a siberian husky with dermoid sinus. Dermoid sinus is a
neural tube defect caused by the incomplete separation of neural tube and skin during embryonic
development. To the authors knowledge, this disease has not occurred in this dog breed before,
and the mode of inheritance of dermoid sinus is unknown in this breed. A fistula was found on
the dog in the case, and was completely excised. The study found that in the 10 months since it
was removed, the dog did not relapse.
This article seems useful to the research because it is very specific and the case study can
help me form hypotheses for further research. It also provides information that is difficult to find
elsewhere because the study is on a very unique topic.

Bundza, A., et al. “Niemann-Pick Disease in a Poodle Dog.” Veterinary Pathology, vol. 16, no.
5, 1979, pp. 530–538., doi:10.1177/030098587901600504.

This case study examines a five month old miniature poodle. The miniature poodle was
diagnosed with Niemann-Pick Disease. This disease results from a autosomal recessive genetic
mutation, which causes an absence of sphingomyelinase (an enzyme), which results in a buildup
of cholesterol and sphingomyelin in the central nervous system and reticuloendothelial system.
Humans also can acquire Niemann-Pick Disease through autosomal recessive inheritance, and it
has three common forms (although some other rare forms occur as well). Studying the disease in
dogs and other animals can help people better understand it in humans.
This article would be helpful to the researcher because the breed of dog studied
frequently gets chronic degenerative valve disease. This means that it can provide more
information on factors affecting the breed and chronic degenerative valve disease.

CA, C., CE, G., & EM, H. (n.d.). Cardiovascular infections in dogs: epizootiology,
clinical manifestations, and prognosis. Retrieved January 24, 2018, from
http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/3910627

This source discussed a study of bacteremia in dogs. The study found that bacteremia in
dogs was more common than assumed and that the most commonly isolated microbes were
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and beta-hemolytic streptococci. The study also
indicated that many dogs with bacteremia had unusual or multisystemic signs similar to those
observed with immune-mediated diseases.
This source is useful to the researcher because it studies the causes and effects of
bacteremia. This is useful because bacteremia is a condition often found in dogs with chronic
degenerative valve disease that likely aids in the progression of the disease. Therefore,
understanding the causes and effects of bacteremia is critical to understanding chronic
degenerative valve disease.

Calvert, Clay A., and Laura Gaye Ridge. “Canine Heartworm Disease.” Canine Internal
Medicine Secrets, 2007, pp. 125–141.

The article “Epidemiology of Canine Heartworm Infection” discusses Dirofilaria immitis,

which is most commonly known as heartworm disease. This disease is mosquito borne and
occurs when a roundworm inhabits the pulmonary arteries and/or right ventricle of the dogs
heart. Dirofilaria immitis is a member of the family filarioidea. The family filarioidea also
contains many human parasites, thus Dirofilaria immitis can be very useful in experiments and
medicine because it is closely related to human parasites. For instance, Dirofilaria immitis can be
used for many vaccines, as well as preventative and curative drugs.
This article is very valuable to the researcher because it is highly informative on the
heartworm disease in dogs and how the disease can be applied to human research and medicine
as well. It also provides useful background information on conditions affecting the heart in dogs.

Campbell, Alexander. "Grapes, raisins and sultanas, and other foods toxic to dogs." UK Vet
Companion Animal 12.1 (2007): 77-79.

This article discusses the dangers of poisonous foods for dogs. It especially emphasizes
the lack of knowledge many people have about foods, such as raisins, grapes, and sultanas.
These foods can have lethal effects when ingested by dogs. Of 45 well documented cases of
ingestion of these fruits by dogs, 8 resulted in death. Signs of poisoning include vomiting,
diarrhoea, anorexia, abdominal tenderness, and lethargy, and usually appear between 6 and 24
hours of ingestion. Evidence of renal impairment or failure usually appears within 24 hours of
ingesting one of these fruits. All ingestion of these fruits can be deemed treatable if caught early
enough, so it is important that dog owners know the dangers of these foods and watch for signs
of illness if any amount is ingested.
This article may be helpful to the researcher because it explains how certain foods can
cause renal failure in dogs. It helps readers understand the specific mechanism through which
renal failure can occur and thus can help the researcher and readers learn how to best prevent the
occurence of renal failure in dogs.

Chronic Degenerative Valve Disease (CVD). (n.d.). Retrieved December 10, 2017, from
https://vethospital.tamu.edu/files/hospital/services/cardiology-CVDHalfBooklet.pdf

This article explains what chronic degenerative valve disease is, and how it occurs. It also
contains important background information for the project such as how blood flows through the
heart, and what types of dogs commonly get chronic degenerative valve disease. Furthermore, it
defines many scientific terms related to chronic degenerative valve disease, and describes the
stages of progression of the disease.
This article will be very helpful to the researcher. It provides information necessary to
understand chronic degenerative valve disease and thus the researcher’s project,. It also breaks
down complex concepts related to the researcher’s project into understandable terms.
Durham, Edward. “Is There a Relationship Between my Dog's Dental & Heart Diseases? -
ACVIM 2008 - VIN.” VIN,
www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?id=3866116&pid=11262.

This source begins by explaining how dental disease and heart disease are extremely
common ailments in dogs and cats. It then discusses how the two diseases have been linked in
humans. Next it explains the most common heart valve deformities in dogs, and how through
bacteremia dental disease may worsen valve deformities. It also explains the process of cleaning
teeths and how that can lead to bacteremia and eventually infections in dogs.
This source is useful in the researcher’s project because it explains bacteremia in a way
that makes it easy to understand. It also gives a possible explanation of how periodontal disease
affects chronic degenerative valvular disease.

“Effects of Training on the Recovery of Full-Weight-Bearing Stepping in the Adult Spinal Cat.”
Science Direct, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0014488686900944.

This article examines the effects of ambulatory training on the extent and time course of
recovery of weight-bearing-stepping in cats spinalized. It found that One month after spinal cord
transection, 14 of 16 cats were capable of bearing the full weight of their hindquarters with their
hind limbs. Of the 14 cats, 8 were assigned to a trained and 6 to an untrained group. Trained
cats were subjected to 30 minutes a day of treadmill exercise for 5 days a week. Performance
plateaus were reached between 25 and 85 days after starting training. The study concluded that a
much larger proportion of adult spinal cats are capable of full-weight-bearing stepping than
reported, and that training that focuses on early tail crimping and complete weight bearing results
in great improvements in the locomotor abilities of hind limbs.
This article could be helpful in research because it thoroughly explains the effects of
training on the recovery of cats.

Gladstein, Babette. “Four-Legged Prolotherapy: Canine Hip Dysplasia” Journal of Prolotherapy,

May 2010.

This article examines one of the most common health problems among canines, hip
dysplasia and treatment by prolotherapy. It has been estimated that about 30 percent of dogs are
affected by Canine Hip Dysplasia (CHD). Prolotherapy solution is injected into dogs with
Canine Hip Dysplasia on the dorsal, or back side, of their hips around the articular capsule
surrounding the femoral head, and facilitates healing through several mechanisms. The article
discusses five cases where this treatment was used. It was found that dogs can benefit from early
detection of Canine Hip Dysplasia and treatment with Prolotherapy. In many cases the dogs who
had Prolotherapy were able to keep their hips pain free while maintaining a good range of motion
and hip functionality.
This article is very valuable to the researcher because it shows specific instances of
positive results from treatments of Canine Hip Dysplasia with Prolotherapy. It is also well
organized so information can be easily found again.

Glickman, Lawrence T., et al. “Evaluation of the risk of endocarditis and other cardiovascular
 events on the basis of the severity of periodontal disease in dogs.” Journal of the
American Veterinary Medical Association, vol. 234, no. 4, 2009, pp. 486–494.,
doi:10.2460/javma.234.4.486.

This study was performed by Dr.Glickman, who works at the purdue school of veterinary
medicine. The study included two groups of around 60,000 dogs. One group had dogs with
periodontal disease, while the other acted as a control group and had healthy dogs. They
collected data on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases acquired by dogs in each group
and used cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate the risk for cardiovascular
related conditions in dogs with periodontal disease. The results showed a correlation between
cardiovascular and periodontal disease.
This article is very useful for the researcher’s project because it provides data relating to
the topic of how periodontal disease affects valvular degeneration. The data will be analyzed in
the project and used in the paper to explain how periodontal disease affects chronic degenerative
valve disease.

“Http://Ljournal.ru/Wp-Content/Uploads/2016/08/d-2016-154.Pdf.” 2016,
doi:10.18411/d-2016-154.

This article discusses research on heartworm disease in dogs. The mosquito-borne filarial
worm, Dirofilaria immitis, causes heartworm disease in dogs. This article discusses a PCR- and
probe-based diagnostic assay that was recently developed to detect the parasite. This method is
more efficient than the previous methods because it can screen large numbers of mosquitoes to
determine the seasonal transmission pattern of D. immitis in an area.
This article is very useful for the researcher’s project because it describes a new method
of testing for Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in great detail to help the researcher understand how the
test works. It also is helpful in providing information on heart conditions in dogs, which is
necessary background information for the researcher’s project.

Kudirkienė, Eglė, et al. Microbial Flora of the Dog's

Eyes.publications.lsmuni.lt/object/elaba:6188945/.

This experiment examines microbial flora of normal dog eyes and eyes with the clinical
signs of external ocular disease. 92 samples were collected (from 46 dogs). Pathogens were
isolated in many of the samples, and Staphylococcus was frequently isolated. Staphylococcus is
commonly associated with dog eyes microbial flora. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were
performed and found that Staphylococcus aureus were most susceptible to Methicillin, Oxacillin
and Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid.
This article would be helpful in research because it studies microorganisms on dogs. It is
also very detailed in describing the procedures of the experiment and provides data which the
researcher can use for analysis.

Lindhe, J., Hamp, S., & Loe, H. (1973). Experimental periodontitis in the Beagle dog. Journal of
Periodontal Research,8(1), 1-10. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1973.tb00735.x.
 This study used twenty beagles, each ten months old and 10-12 kilos. The dogs in one
group had their teeth brushed twice daily, while those in the other group did not have any teeth
cleaning. The dogs from both groups were examined at regular intervals over an 18 month period
to see how healthy the teeth were and check for evidence of periodontal disease. The study found
that the dogs that did not have their teeth cleaned accumulated plaque on their teeth, which lead
to gingivitis and could develop into periodontitis, thus dogs who received teeth brushing had
better health/ less occurences of periodontal disease.
This study is useful to the researcher because it provides specific data indicating that
brushing a dog's teeth twice daily will reduce its risk for dental disease. This data will be
analyzed and used as evidence to support the researcher’s hypothesis in the research paper.

Lockwood, Randall, and Kate Rindy. “Are “Pit Bulls” Different? An Analysis of the Pit Bull
Terrier Controversy.” Anthrozoos: A Multidisciplinary Journal of The Interactions of
People & Animals, vol. 1, no. 1, Jan. 1987, pp. 2–8.

This articles discusses the controversy surrounding pit bulls and attempts to answer
whether or not they are more dangerous than other dog breeds. While there is lots of evidence to
support the claims that pit bulls are inherently more vicious than other dog breeds, it is hard to
prove that is definitely true. Many incidents where pit bulls are said to have attacked someone
the dog was actually a different breed or a mix between a pit bull and another breed, so it is hard
to tell how frequently pitbulls actually attack compared other dog breeds. Additionally, many
other factors such as how a dog is raised and taken care of can affect its likelihood to attack, so
higher attack rates in pit bulls most likely aren’t due entirely to genetics.
This source is valuable because it has lots of data and detailed facts which could help in
research. It is also very well organized. Furthermore since the studies discussed in the source
only pertain to one breed of dog, they are more controlled and reliable.

Motooka, Masahiko, et al. “Effect of dog-Walking on autonomic nervous activity in senior

citizens.” The Medical Journal of Australia, 16 Jan. 2006,
www.mja.com.au/journal/2006/184/2/effect-dog-walking-autonomic-nervous-activity-
senior-citizens?inline=true. Accessed 1 Oct. 2017.

This article examines how dogs affect the health of senior citizens. It compares changes
in autonomic nervous activity in healthy senior individuals while walking with and without a
dog, and during routine activities at home and periods of interacting with the dog at home. The
study found that walking a dog has potential health benefits and can reduce stress in senior
citizens. It was also found that petting and talking to a dog also raises parasympathetic neural
activity.
This article will be extremely useful in the research because it describes an in depth
experiment on how the canine species affect the health of humans. It also provides specific data
which the researcher can analyze.

Oliveira, P., et al. “Retrospective Review of Congenital Heart Disease in 976 Dogs.” Journal of
Veterinary Internal Medicine, Blackwell Publishing Inc, 21 Mar. 2011,
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0711.x/full. Accessed 25 Sept.
2017.
 This article reviews a study of heart disease in nine hundred seventy six dogs. It reviews
medical records, history, clinical examination, radiography, electrocardiography,
echocardiography, angiography, and postmortem examination. Congenital heart disease (CHD)
was found in over twenty one percent of cases. Additionally, while single defects were found
frequently, multiple and concurrent defects were rarely found in the dogs studied (although still
more frequently than in past studies). The defects found most commonly in the dogs were
pulmonic stenosis (PS), subaortic stenosis (SAS), and patent ductus arteriosus, followed by
ventricular septal defect (VSD), valvular aortic stenosis (AS), and tricuspid dysplasia.
This article would be valuable to the researcher because it studies such a large population
of dogs and thoroughly evaluates their health. Furthermore, it may be useful to veterinarians in
diagnosing future cases of Congenital Heart Disease. The information is also useful because it
provides the researcher information critical to understanding heart diseases, including chronic
degenerative valve disease, in dogs.

Periodontal Disease. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2017, from

https://www.avdc.org/periodontaldisease.html. T

his source provides background information on periodontal disease. It explains how

dental disease forms and the two stages, gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis, the first stage,
occurs when the gums get infected and become inflamed. Periodontitis, the second stage, occurs
when there is loss of bone and soft tissue around the tooth. It also describes the treatment and
cleaning process for dogs with dental disease, and briefly discusses studies linking periodontal
disease to other health issues such as heart disease.
This source is helpful in the research project because it explains the progression of
periodontal disease in detail and connects it to heart disease. The source also comes from a
reliable organization within the field of veterinary dental medicine.

Richardson, Danielle. “Acquired myasthenia gravis in a poodle.” The Canadian Veterinary

Journal, Canadian Veterinary Medical Association, Feb. 2011,
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3022456/. Accessed 10 Sept. 2017.

This article examines a case study of an 11 year old female teacup poodle. The poodle
was initially brought in to the Ontario Veterinary College and Veterinary Teaching Hospital for a
chronic cough and lethargy. The poodle succumbed to respiratory failure and passed away before
being properly diagnosed, but was later found to have acquired myasthenia gravis (MG). MG is
an immune mediated disorder in which antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors in skeletal
muscles, and poodles are not considered to be breeds at risk for MG. MG has three main forms,
focal MG, generalized MG, and acute fulminating MG, which all present with different
symptoms. This poodle had some symptoms not generally attributed to MG, thus this case should
alert clinicians to more signs of possible MG for future cases. The high mortality rate for dogs
with MG is likely related to the delay in an accurate diagnosis, so clinicians should be more
aware of the possible symptoms and presentations of the disease in order to diagnose MG in a
timely manner.
The source may be useful to the researcher because it provides a detailed case study of a
teacup poodle, which can be used to further understand and hypothesize about Myasthenia
Gravis. The organization of the case study also makes it easy to understand the timeline of
progression of Myasthenia Gravis in the poodle.

Sen, S. (2009, April 09). Purdue professor links gum and heart diseases in dogs. Retrieved
December 10, 2017, from
https://news.uns.purdue.edu/x/2009a/090409GlickmanGumDisease.html.

This source provides additional information about a study done by Dr. Larry
Glickman on dogs with periodontal disease. The article includes direct quotes from Dr.
Glickman about the study and the results. It then discusses the important role dental care
plays in prevention of periodontal disease and how pet owners should take better care of
pet’s dental hygiene.
This source will be useful to the researcher because it provides support that
periodontal disease and heart disease are interrelated, as well as support that tooth
brushing will improve dental hygiene in dogs. It also provides direct quotes from a expert
in the field that can be used to support the researchers hypothesis.

Stone, William J., et al. “Diffusion Equilibrium for Ammonia in the Kidney of the Acidotic
Dog.” Journal of Clinical Investigation, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Oct. 1967,
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC292909/. Accessed 23 Sept. 2017.

This article discusses reformed ammonia in the kidneys of dogs. The article concluded
that ammonia travels evenly throughout the kidneys and goes through the kidneys faster than
blood. Additionally, the authors found that thirty five percent of urinary ammonia is from
preformed arterial ammonia, and that the rest of urinary ammonia comes from
deamination/deamidation of plasma glutamine, alanine, glycine, and glutamate.
This article is valuable to the researcher because it is very helpful in understanding how
ammonia travels through a dog's kidney. It provides background information helpful to
understand the organ function in dogs and detailed biological processes in dogs.

Zimlich, R. (2009, April 11). Canine gum disease linked to heart problems. Retrieved January
07, 2018, from http://veterinarynews.dvm360.com/canine-gum-disease-linked-heart-
problems.

This article analyzes a study conducted by Dr. Larry Glickman at Purdue, which
examined the records from about 60,000 dogs with some stage of periodontal disease and nearly
60,000 without. It discusses how the results show a clear statistical link between periodontal
disease and heart disease, and provides specific data to support these claims.
This article is very useful for the researcher because it provides statistical evidence which
can be used to demonstrate the link between dental disease and chronic degenerative valve
disease. The evidence can be analyzed and used to show the relationship between chronic
degenerative valve disease and dental hygiene in the researcher’s project.