The importance of accurate and precise measurements in the physical sciences cannot be

overstated. Often times, even minute errors can render data unusable. For this reason,
scientists must learn to use measuring devices in a manner that results in maximum
accuracy and precision. The two most common sources of error include measurement
errors and experimental technique. One of the basic skills that all scientists must posses is
the ability to take accurate and detailed measurements. The cornerstone of making proper
measurements is based on the idea that scientists want to collect as much meaningful and
accurate data as possible. As a result, the last digit in every measurement is always an
estimate, which allows for an additional place value to be collected.
The accuracy of the measurement can significantly increased. For example, if a distance
were recorded as 2.4 cm, you know that the four was an estimate. Not including the four,
that is reporting the measurement as 2 cm, would make a 16.7 percent difference in the
measured value. Of course, estimating the last digit in a measurement has the drawback
that it introduces random error into a measurement. While the addition of random error is
of concern, the potential loss of valuable data by not reporting an estimated digit out
weighs this concern.
By definition, all measured digits, including both the digits that are known with certainty
and the estimated digit, are called significant figures. These figures comprise a proper
measurement. To determine the number of significant figures to report in a measurement,
you will need to carefully inspect the scale of the measuring device you are using. The
smaller the increment on the scale, the more accurate the measuring device. The easiest
method for determining the increment of a scale is to estimate and check. If your initial
estimate is incorrect you can easily adjust the estimate and recheck it. For unusual
increments, it may be easier to employ a little math. First subtract two of the numbered
increments from one another and then divide by the number of tic marks between the
increments.
Once you have determine the increment of the scale you are ready to begin taking a
measurement. To help streamline the measuring process, two rules have been developed
that allow you to quickly determine the correct number of significant figures to report in
a measurement.
1. If the increment of the measuring device increases by a power of ten, estimate one digit
past the increment.
2. If the increment on the measuring device does not increase by a power of ten, stop at
the first digit of the increment and estimate.
Measuring accurately is far more important to keeping your job than science as a whole.

Measuring accurately is important any time a measurement is taken for any reason. Just
how accurate depends on the reason for the measurement

If I am building a shipping crate, I need only cut the wood to within 1/16". If I am
measuring radio field strength for a report to the FCC, I may need to measure the distance
between two antennas to within 1/100 or even 1/1000 of an inch.

The margin of error of all measurements should be included in final reports.

For the purposes of your homework assignment Your teacher just wants you to take your
time a measure accurately rather than quickly moving through the experiment.

Therefore, it is important to my job, and your grade.