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Exocytosis – particles produse inherently by the cell; no Note: mRNA are found in the cytoplasm; segments of
receptors needed. DNA, transcription and translation are the 2 processes.
- Process that brings material out of the cell using
vesicles. TRANSCRIPTION – copy; exact
- Process by which DNA is read
CELL STRUCTURES - Occurs in ribosomes
- Produces mRNA (contains codons)
Cytoplasm - Codons: set of 3 nucleotides bases that code for
L: Inside the cell a particular amino acid.
C: Jelly-like fluid Note: DNA splits into two and mRNA will be inserted.
F: gives cell shape and holds organelles in place
Cytosine – Guanine
Nucleus Thymine – Adenine Nucleotides
L: center of the cell Uracil – Adenine
C: all cells contains nucleus at some point
F: House DNA
Flagella 4. Anaphase
L: cell surface - Chromatids separate to form 2 sets of
C: one per cell chromosomes
F: more cell ex. Sperm (motility) - Chromosomes more towards the centrioles
- Opposite poles
Microvilli
L: cell surface 5. Telophase
C: shorter than cili - Formation of 2 daughter cells
F: increase surface area - Chromosomes disperse
- Intestinal cells - Nuclear envelopes and nuclear form.
Protein Fibers
- Collagen fibers – are flexible but resist stretching
(most abundant)
NERVOUS TISSUES
- Specialized to conduct action potentials
(electrical signals)
Neurons – responsible for conducting action potentials
Cell body – site of general cell functions
Neuroglia – support cells of the nervous system.
MEMBRANES
Inflammations:
1. Heart – pericarditis
2. Lungs – pleurisy
3. Abdominopelvic – peritonitis
INFLAMMATION
- Isolate and destroy harmful agents
Functions:
Protection LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS
Sensation
Temperature regulation by controlling 1. Stratum basale
Vitamin D Production - Basal layer
Excretion of small amount of waste products - Deepest epidermal layer firmly attached to the
dermis
Three major regions: - Consists of a single row of the youngest
kerratinocytes
1. Epidermis - Cells undergo mitotic divisions every 19 days
- Outhermost region (superficial) - 10-25% are melanocytes
- Resist abrasion
- Reduces water loss 2. Stratum Spinosum
- Melanin granules and Langerhan’s cells are
2. Dermis abundant in this layer
- Middle region - Melanin is taken up by the keratinocytes and
- Bulk of skin accumulates on the “sunny side” to protect the
- Responsible for the strength of the skin nucleus from UV damage
PARTS:
SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE
- Deep to the skin 1. Nail – thin plate consisting of dead stratum
- Hypodermis corneum
- Not really part of the skin 2. Nail body- visible part of the nail
- Stores fat and connects the skin to the 3. Nail root – part of the nail covered by the skin
underlying structures 4. Cuticle or eponychium – stratum corneum that
- Shock absorber extends onto the nail body
- Increases greatly as you gain weight 5. Nail matrix – nail roots extends distally
6. nail bed
7. Lunula – whitish, crescent- shaped area at the
base of the nail.
BURNS
2nd Degree – epidermis and upper region of the dermis are damaged
- Symptoms similar to 1st degree burns but blisters also appears
RULE OF 9