Lesson Plan

Lesson: Ideal Solutions

Aim :

To study the properties of an ideal solution.

Learning Outcomes :

At the end of the lesson, students will be able to :

1. differentiate between the three types of liquid-liquid mixtures.

2. apply Raoult’s law to vapour pressures of miscible liquids that behave ideally.

3. apply Dalton’s law of partial pressure to determine the total vapour pressure of an
ideal solution and also its vapour composition.

Assumed prior knowledge :

Students should already be familiar with :

1. the concept of partial pressures.

2. the different types of intermolecular forces.

Underlying Principles

1. Making the invisible, visible.

2. Enabling students to know what to look for.

Time taken to complete the activities : 80 minutes

Differentiation

Questions in the student notes are designed to enable all students to complete the activity.
The pop-up answers are provided for the students to view when they have considered their
responses. Worksheet questions include questions that require recall, understanding and
application of the new concepts learned.

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 1 of 4

Development of Lesson :
No. Steps
1 Set Induction.
(Ascertaining prior
knowledge and
introducing lesson
topic for the day).
2 Student Activity
3 Evaluation
4 Extension activity
© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved.
Strategy Resources
Teacher to show students samples of
an oil-water mixture and a water-ethanol
mixture and get students to give reasons
why the two mixtures differ in appearance.
Teacher to introduce lesson objectives for
the day.
Teacher to go through Activities 1 - 4 with • Courseware
the students.
• Activity 1 : Liquid mixtures
Students get to see a molecular view of
the particles in a mixture formed by
miscible, partially miscible and immiscible
liquids.
• Activity 2 : Ideal solutions
Students get to investigate what happens
to the temperature and volume of the
components of an ideal solution when
they are mixed together. They also get
to relate the formation of an ideal solution
to the type of intermolecular forces
present in the separate components and
in the mixture.
• Activity 3 : Raoult’s law
Students are introduced to Raoult’s law.
• Activity 4 : Vapour pressure –
composition curve
Students are shown how a vapour
pressure-composition curve for an ideal
solution is obtained. They are also led to
understand how the vapour curve differs
from the liquid curve.
• Students to answer questions in the • Worksheet
student worksheet on their own.
• Students to go through the extension • Websites
activities on their own. • Reference
books.
Page 2 of 4
Worksheet answers

2. Ideal solutions

2.1 a. The forces between the molecules in the mixture of pentane and hexane are
the same as the intermolecular forces which exist in the two separate
components.

b. B

3. Raoult’s Law

3.1 a. XA + XB = 1
XB = 1 – XA
= 1 – 0.20 = 0.80

b. PA = XA PoA
= 0.20 (1.40 x 104)
= 2.80 x 104 Pa

PB = XB Po B
= 0.80 (2.00 x 104)
= 1.60 x 104 Pa

c. PT = PA + PA
= (2.80 x 104 ) + (1.60 x 104)
= 4.40 x 104 Pa

3.2 a. Relative molecular mass of C5H12 = 5(12.0) + 12(1.0) = 72.0

36.0
Number of moles of C5H12 = = 0.50
72.0
Relative molecular mass of C6H14 = 6(12.0) + 14(1.0) = 86.0
129
Number of moles of C5H12 = = 1.50
86
Total number of moles = 0.50 + 1.50 = 2.00
0.50
Mole fraction of pentane, Xpentane = = 0.25
2.00
Ppentane = Xpentane Popentane
= 0.25(5.64 x 104)
= 1.41 x 104 Pa

1.50
Mole fraction of hexane, Xhexane = = 0.75
2.00
Phexane = Xhexane Pohexane
= 0.75(1.60 x 104)
= 1.20 x 104 Pa

b. PT = Ppentane + Phexane
= (1.41 x 104 Pa ) + (1.20 x 104 Pa)
= 2.61 x 104 Pa

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 3 of 4

4. Vapour pressure-composition curve

4.1
Boiling point/°C

liquid vapour
curve curve
Vapour o
Boiling point/ C
pressure/kPa
liquid
curve
vapour
curve

Pure Composition Pure Pure Composition Pure

heptane octane heptane octane

b.
a.

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 4 of 4