MALAYSIAN MS 1227:2003

STANDARD
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SPECIFICATION FOR PORTLAND

PULVERISED-FUEL ASH CEMENT
(FIRST REVISION)

ICS: 91.100. 10
Descriptors: cement, portland pulverised-ash, requirements, test methods

© Copyright

DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA

 DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS
The Department of Standards Malaysia (DSM) is the national standardisation
and accreditation body.

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standardisation and accreditation as a means of advancing the national
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and standardisation.

Malaysian Standards are developed through consensus by committees which

comprise of balanced representation of producers, users, consumers and others
with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. These
standards where appropriate are adoption of international standards. Approval of
a standard as a Malaysian Standard is governed by the Standards of Malaysia
Act 1996 (Act 549). Malaysian Standards are reviewed periodically. The use of
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Department of Standards Malaysia OR SIRIM Berhad

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 MS 1227:2003

CONTENTS

Page

Committee representation .....................................................…........................... ii

Foreword ........................................................................................……............... iii

1 Scope ...........................................................................................……..…............ 1
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2 Referenced documents....................................................................…….........….. 1

3 Definition ............................................................................……............................ 1

4 Composition and manufacture ........................................................……............... 2

5 Fineness ................................................................................……......................... 2

6 Compressive strength .............................................................……........................ 2

7 Setting time ................................................................................................…..…... 3

8 Soundness ..................................................................……..................…............... 3

9 Chemical composition ........................................…….............................…............. 3

10 Proportion of pulverised-fuel ash …........................................................................ 4

11 Sampling and tests ..............……............................................................................ 4

12 Marking .....................................................……...............….….............................. 4

13 Certification mark ..........................................…….................................................. 5

14 Certificate …………………………………..…………………………………………… 5

Appendices

A Method for determination of the proportion of pulverised-fuel ash

in a Portland pulverized-fuel ash cement by measurement of
acid-soluble calcium oxide ….....................……....................................................... 6

B Product guidance ............................................………............................................. 8

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 MS 1227:2003

Committee representation

The Building and Civil Engineering Industry Standards Committee (ISC D) under whose supervision this Malaysian
Standard was developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations:

Associations of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

Chartered Institute of Building Malaysia
Construction Industry Development Board, Malaysia
Department of Standards Malaysia
Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia
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Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

Jabatan Perumahan Negara
Malaysian Timber Industry Board
Masters Builder’s Association Malaysia
Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia
Suruhanjaya Tenaga Malaysia
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

The Technical Committee on Cement which developed this standard was managed by the Cement and Concrete
Association of Malaysia in its capacity as an authorised Standards-Writing Organisation and comprised of the
following organisations:

Associated Pan Malaysian Cement Sdn Bhd

Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia
Cement and Concrete Association of Malaysia (Secretariat)
Cement Industries of Malaysia Bhd
CMS Cement Sdn Bhd
Masters Builders Association of Malaysia
National Ready-Mixed Concrete Association of Malaysia
Negeri Sembilan Cement Industries Sdn Bhd
Pahang Cement Sdn Bhd
Perak-Hanjoong Simen Sdn Bhd
SIRIM Berhad
Tasek Corporation Bhd
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Universiti Malaya

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 MS 1227:2003

FOREWORD

This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Technical Committee on Cement under the
authority of the Building and Civil Engineering Industry Standards Committee. Development
of this standard was carried out by the Cement and Concrete Association of Malaysia which is
the Standards-Writing Organisation appointed by SIRIM Berhad to develop standards for
cement.

Portland pulverised-fuel ash cement may be produced by inter-grinding the components of

Portland cement complying with MS 522 and Pulverized-fuel ash cement complying with
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compositional requirements of MS 1226: Part 1.

This type of cement can be used in concrete for most purposes. Provided there is evidence
of satisfactory performance and that the cement contains more than 25 % pulverised-fuel ash,
this cement can be used to impart a degree of resistance to the action of sulphates and weak
acids. This cement may be beneficial, provided that it contains more than 30 % pulverized-
fuel ash, in reducing the deleterious effects of the alkali-silica reaction.

If necessary, users can consult the cement manufacturer about the provision of information
additional to that required by this standard.

This standard is the first revision of MS 1227, ‘Specification for Portland pulverised-fuel ash
cement, which was published in 1991.

During the revision of this Malaysian Standard, reference was made to the following:

a) MS 1520:2001, Specification for pozzolanic pulverised-fuel ash cement; and

b) BS 6588:1985, Specification for Portland pulverised-fuel ash cement

The main features of this revision include extension of the range of proportions of pulverised-
fuel ash, the option of using the mortar prism test method for strength and the introduction of
2 day, 7 day and 28 day strength references.

This revised Malaysian Standard cancels and replaces MS 1227:1991.

Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
obligations.

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 MS 1227:2003

SPECIFICATION FOR
PORTLAND PULVERISED-FUEL ASH CEMENT
(FIRST REVISION)

1. Scope

This Malaysian Standard specifies requirements for the composition, manufacture, chemical
and physical properties and marking of Portland pulverised-fuel ash cement.
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2. Referenced documents

The following referenced documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this Malaysian Standard. For dated references, where there are
subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However,
parties to agreements based on this Malaysian Standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the referenced documents. For undated
references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.

MS 522: Part 1:1989 Specification for Portland Cement (Ordinary and Rapid-Hardening) :
Part 1 : Standard Specification (First revision) (Amd 1:1992)

MS 522: Part 2:1989 Specification for Portland Cement (Ordinary and Rapid-Hardening) :
Part 2: Physical Tests (First revision)

MS 522: Part 3:1989 Specification for Portland Cement (Ordinary and Rapid-Hardening):
Part 3: Chemical Analysis (First revision)

MS 1226: Part 1:1992 Pulverised-fuel ash: Part 1: Specification for pulverised-fuel ash for
use as a cementitous component in structural concrete

MS ISO 679:2001 Methods of testing cements - Determination of strength

3. Definition

For the purposes of this Malaysian Standard the following definition applies.

Portland pulverized-fuel ash cement

Blended hydraulic binder comprising a homogeneous mixture of ordinary Portland cement

and pulverised-fuel ash in specified proportions.

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 MS 1227:2003

4. Composition and manufacture

4.1 Portland pulverised-fuel ash cement shall comprise a mixture of Portland cement and
pulverised-fuel ash. These materials shall be thoroughly and intimately mixed together in a
dry state to form a uniform mixture in any proportions so long as the proportion of pulverised-
fuel ash is not less than 6 % and not more than 35 % by mass of the total quantity. These
materials shall be mixed either before or during the grinding process. The Portland
pulverised-fuel ash cement shall contain no additions except as follows:

a) gypsum or anhydrite, or other forms of calcium sulphate, or any combination of them;

and
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b) not more than 0.10 % by mass of propylene glycol, when determined by the method
described in Clause 2.2(c) of MS 522: Part 1.

NOTES.

1. Metallic iron from the grinding process should not be regarded as an addition. No other materials should be
added after the grinding process.

2. The pulverised-fuel ash shall comply with all the requirements of MS 1226: Part 1, except for Clause 5,
“Fineness”.

4.2 When inter-ground, the Portland cement clinker shall be formed from a predetermined
homogenous mixture of materials comprising lime, silica and a small proportion of alumina.

NOTE. Iron oxide may also be included in the clinker.

5. Fineness
2
The cement shall have a specific surface area of not less than 225 m /kg when tested for
fineness by the method described in Clauses 1 and 2 of MS 522: Part 2.

6. Compressive strength

6.1 The cement shall be tested for compressive strength by one of the following two
methods as agreed upon between the vendor and purchaser at the time of placing the order.
NOTE. The term ‘vendor’ in this standard shall mean the seller of the cement, whether he be the manufacturer of the
cement or not.

6.1.1 Method 1

The average compressive strength of three concrete cubes prepared, stored and tested as
described under Clause 8 of MS 522: Part 2 shall be:
2
a) at 2 days not less than 7 N/mm ;
2
b) at 7 days not less than 11 N/mm ; and
2 2
c) at 28 days not less than 23.5 N/mm and not more than 44.5 N/mm .

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 MS 1227:2003

6.1.2 Method 2

The average compressive strength of three mortar prisms prepared, stored and tested as
described in MS ISO 679 shall be:
2
a) at 2 days not less than 10 N/mm ;
2
b) at 7 days not less than 16 N/mm ; and
2 2
c) at 28 days not less than 32.5 N/mm and not more than 62.5 N/mm .
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6.2 In the event of a dispute, a re-test shall be carried out in the presence of
representatives of the two parties concerned. When method 1 is employed the aggregate to
be used in the re-test shall be agreed upon by both parties. If an aggregate cannot be agreed
upon then method 2 shall be used.

7. Setting time
When determined by the method described in Clause 6 of MS 522: Part 2, cement paste of
standard consistence shall have setting times as follows:

a) initial setting time not less than 45 min; and

b) final setting time not more than 10 h.

8. Soundness

8.1 The cement shall have an expansion of not more than 10 mm when tested for
soundness by the method described in Clauses 3 and 4 of MS 522: Part 2.

8.2 If the cement fails to comply with this requirement, a further test shall be made by the
same method on another portion of the same sample after it has been aerated by being
spread out to a depth of 70 mm to 80 mm at a relative humidity of 50 % to 80 % for a total
period of 7 days. The expansion of this aerated sub-sample shall not exceed 5 mm.

9. Chemical composition

9.1 Magnesium oxide

The proportion of magnesium oxide, as determined by the method described in Appendix C of

MS 1226: Part 1 shall not exceed 5.0 % by mass of the cement.

9.2 Sulphuric anhydride

The proportion of total sulphur, expressed as SO3 and determined by the method described in
Clause 13 of MS 522: Part 3, shall not exceed 3.5 % by mass of the cement.

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 MS 1227:2003

9.3 Loss on Ignition

The loss of ignition, as determined by the method described in Clause 11 of MS 522: Part 3
shall not exceed 5 %.

10. Proportion of pulverised-fuel ash

The proportion of pulverised-fuel ash, as determined by the method described in Appendix A,

shall be not less than 6 % and not greater than 35 % by mass of the cement.
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NOTE. Other methods that can be shown to have the same accuracy may be used by agreement between vendor
and purchaser.

11. Sampling and test

11.1 Physical tests

A representative sample or samples shall be taken by the method described in MS 522: Part
1 and shall be tested for the following:

a) fineness (see Clause 5);

b) compressive strength (see Clause 6);

c) setting time (see Clause 7); and

d) soundness (see Clause 8)

11.2 Chemical tests

A representative sample or samples taken by the method described in MS 522: Part 1 shall
be prepared for chemical analysis by the method given in MS 522: Part 3 and shall be tested
for the following :

a) chemical composition (see Clause 9); and

b) proportion of pulverised-fuel ash (see Clause 10).

NOTE. If a purchaser requires independent tests, they should be carried out in accordance with this standard.
Samples for these tests should be taken, at the option of the purchaser before delivery or within 1 week after delivery
of the cement, by the method described in MS 522: Part 1. The tests should be commenced within 4 weeks of the
date of delivery.

12. Marking

Portland pulverised-fuel ash cement shall be marked in relation to the product (e.g. on the
bag, the delivery note or the invoice) with the following particulars:

a) the name, trade mark or other means of identification of vendor;

b) the name of the material, i.e. Portland pulverized-fuel ash cement;

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 MS 1227:2003

c) the number and year of this Malaysian Standard, i.e. MS 1227:2003; and

d) the proportion of the pulverised-fuel ash in the cement by mass, to the nearest 5 %.

13. Certification mark

Each product, may by arrangement with a recognised certification body, be marked with the
certification mark of that body, provided the product conforms to the requirements of this
standard.
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14. Certificate

A certificate, if requested, to indicate that the cement compiles with this standard shall include
the following results of tests on samples of the cement relating to the materials delivered:

a) the proportion by mass of pulverised-fuel ash to the nearest 5 %;

b) the fineness;

c) the compressive strength at 2 days, 7 days and 28 days;

d) the initial and final setting times;

e) the soundness; and

f) the chemical composition (see Clause 9)

NOTE. The certificate should be available from the manufacturer.

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 MS 1227:2003

Appendix A
(normative)

Method for determination of the proportion of pulverized-fuel ash in

a Portland pulverised-fuel ash cement by measurement of
acid-soluble calcium oxide

A1. Apparatus
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A1.1 Ordinary laboratory apparatus, together with the apparatus specified in A1.2 to
A1.6

A1.2 Balance, capable of weighing to an accuracy of ± 0.0001 g

A1.3 Laboratory hot-plate, with temperature control

A1.4 250 mL beaker

A1.5 500 mL volumetric flask

A1.6 Rapid filter paper*

A2. Reagent
A2.1 Concentrated hydrochloric acid (analytical reagent quality), relative density 1.18

A3. Determination of the proportion of pulverised-fuel ash

A3.1 Procedure

A3.1.1 Weigh, to the nearest 0.0001g, (1 ± 0.05) g of Portland pulverised-fuel ash cement
(see 11.2) into a 250 mL beaker (A1.4) and add about 50 mL of cold distilled water.

A3.1.2 Whilst vigorous swirling the mixture add 5 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid
(A2.1).
o
A3.1.3 Warm the solution gently to approximately 50 C and disperse the sample with a
glass rod.

A3.1.4 Digest the solution for about 15 min at a temperature just below boiling. Filter the
residue on a rapid filter paper (A1.6), wash six times with hot distilled water and allow the
filtrate to cool to room temperature. Dilute the filtrate in a volumetric flask (A1.5) to 500 mL
and mix.

* Whatman No. 41 or equipment paper.

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 MS 1227:2003

A3.1.5 Determine the calcium oxide content using the procedure described in 7.1 of MS 522:
Part 3. Calculate the calcium oxide content of the sample according to 7.1.2 of MS 522: Part
3.

A3.2 Calculation

A3.2.1 When the constituents of the Portland pulverised-fuel ash cement are available for
analysis, follow the calcium oxide determination A3.1.5 for each constituent and substitute the
resulting values into formula (1):

Cp − Cc
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Proportion of pulverised-fuel ash = x 100 (1)

Cp − Cf

where,

Cp is the calcium oxide content of the Portland cement (in %)

Cc is the calcium oxide content of the Portland pulverised-fuel ash cement (in %); and

Cf is the calcium oxide content of the pulverised-fuel ash (in %)

A3.2.2 When sample of the constituents are not available but their calcium contents are
reliably known, substitute the known values into formula (1).

A3.2.3 When there is no information available on the constituents, substitute the following
assumed values for calcium oxide content into formula (1).

Calcium oxide content of Portland cement,

Cp = 64.5 %

Calcium oxide content of pulverised-fuel ash,

Cf = 2.0 %

A4. Report

A4.1 Report the proportion of pulverised-fuel ash by mass of the Portland pulverised-fuel
ash cement to the nearest 5 % and whether the calcium oxide contents of the constituents
were determined by analysis, reliably known or assumed.

A5. Accuracy

A5.1 When the constituents are available, or their calcium oxide contents are reliably
known, the accuracy has been shown to be ± 2 % pulverised-fuel ash.

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 MS 1227:2003

Appendix B
(informative)

Product guidance

B1. Safety warning

B1.1 Dry cement in normal use has no harmful effect on dry skin. When cement is mixed
with water, alkali is released. Precautions should therefore be taken to avoid dry cement
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entering the eyes, mouth and nose and to prevent skin contact with wet cement.

B1.2 Repeated skin contact with wet cement over a period may cause irritant contact
dermatitis. The abrasiveness of the particles of cement and aggregate in mortar or concrete
can contribute to this effect. Continued contact during a working day can lead to cement
burns with ulceration but is not common. Some people are sensitive to the small amounts of
the chromate which may be present in cement and can develop allergic contact dermatitis,
but this is rare.

B1.3 When working in places where dry cement becomes airborne, protection for the eyes,
mouth and nose should be worn.

B1.4 When working with wet mortar or concrete, waterproof or other suitable protective
clothing should be worn such as long sleeved shirt, full length trousers, waterproof gloves and
wellington boots. Clothing contaminated with wet cement, mortar or concrete should be
removed and washed before further use.

B1.5 If cement enters the eye it should immediately be washed out thoroughly with clean
water and medical treatment should be sought without delay. Wet mortar or concrete on the
skin should be washed off immediately.

B2. Storage

B2.1 To protect cement from premature hydration after delivery, bulk silos should be
waterproof and internal condensation should be minimised.

B2.2 Paper bags should be stored clear of the ground, not more than eight bags high and
protected by a waterproof structure. As significant strength losses begin after 4 weeks to 6
weeks of storage in bags in normal conditions (and considerably sooner under adverse
weather conditions or high humidity), deliveries should be controlled and used in order of
receipt. Manufacturers are able to provide a system of marking a high proportion of the bags
in each delivery to indicate when they were filled.

B3. Grouting and rendering

B3.1 Where cement is to be used in grouts or renders that are pumped through small
apertures, such as spray nozzles, it is recommended that the user passes the cement or
suspension through a screen of suitable mesh aperture to retain any occasional coarse
particles.

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 MS 1227:2003

B4. Heat generation

The cement hydration process generates heat, particularly in the first few days. Cement with
higher early strength usually have a initial rate of heat generation than those with lower early
strength. A higher initial rate of heat generation may be an advantage for thinner concrete
sections in cold weather because it reduces the need for extended striking times and the
tendency for early-age frost damage. Conversely, it may be disadvantage for larger concrete
sections in either hot or cold weather on account of the temperature gradients which are set
up.
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B5. Alkali - Silica reaction

Portland pulverised-fuel ash cement conforming to this standard, may be beneficial in

counteracting alkali-silica reaction.

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 Acknowledgements

Ir Choo Kok Beng (Chairman), Puan Elaine Chiew (Secretary), Ir Soo Thong Phor, Dr
Muhammad Fauzi Mohd Zain, Prof Madya Dr Hilmi Mahmud, Encik E. U. Kidav, Encik Mohd.
Rodzi Abdul Hamid, Encik M. K. S. Maniam Kuppusamy, Encik Norman Tan, Encik Gan Hock
Seng, Cik Salmah Mohd. Nordin, Encik Hooi Wing Chuen.
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