NT Belts G8.

xmcd [Pg 1 / 3]
The Units used as standard:
Pulley & Belt m, kg, N, Pa, sec, watts
N, kg, m, Pa, sec/min, watts/kW

Introduction
• Power transmission over a long distance
• Ability to absorb shock
• Wide flat belt - able to move products from various post (not to transmit power)

Types of Belts ( Table 17-1 pg. 860 )

• Flat belts and round belts length of belt can vary as needed (not standard length)
• V belts & Timing belts length is according to standard

Basic Working Principle

• Open belt configuration (see below and Figure 17-1a)
• Crossed belt configuration (see Figure 17-1b)

Open Belt Type (Pg 861)

contact angle small pulley:

⎛D − d⎞
θ d = π − 2 asin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2C ⎠
contact angle large pulley:

⎛D − d⎞
θ D = π + 2 asin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2C ⎠

Belt length, L=
2 2
(
4C − ( D − d) + 0.5 d θ d + D θ D )
πdn
Belt speed: V = (m/s) ; d (mm), n (rpm)
60 × 1000

Cross Belt type Pg 861

⎛D + d⎞
contact angle both gear, θ = π + 2 asin ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2C ⎠

2 2 θ
Belt length, L= 4C − ( D + d) + ( d + D)
2
NT Belts G8.xmcd [Pg 2 / 3]
Selection of Flat Belt where Fc : centrifugal force
Relationship of tight side F1 & slack side F2: f : coefficient of friction of the belts
F1 − Fc θ : angle of contact (radian)
(f θ)
=e (17-7)
F2 − Fc

To avoid slippage,
F1 − Fc (f θ)
≤e
F2 − Fc

Selection of V-Belts
• Types of V-Belts: A, B, C, D and E ; belt constraints - Minimum sheave diameter (mm)
& kW range (see Table 17-9 pg 879)

• More than 1 belt may be needed (** size and length are standardized by manufacturers
(see Table 17-10 pg 879))

• Advisable speed in between 5 m/s to 25 m/s

• To eliminate vibration: D < C < 3(D + d) (excessive vibration will shorten the belt life)
fθ

sin⎛⎜
α⎞
F1 − Fc ⎟ F1 − Fc
To avoid slippage, ≤e ⎝2⎠ or simply ≤e
0.5123θ
F2 − Fc F2 − Fc
πdn
Belt speed: V =
60 × 1000

n1 D
velocity ratio =
n2 d

Pitch length of V-belt :

2
π ( D − d)
Lp = 2 C + ( D + d) +
2 4C

Belt pitch length, Lp = L + Li

True center distance,

⎡⎢ 2 ⎤
⎡ π ⎤ ⎡ π ⎤ 2⎥
C = 0.25 ⎢⎢Lp − ( D + d)⎥ + ⎢Lp − ( D + d)⎥ − 2 ( D − d) ⎥
⎣⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎦
NT Belts G8.xmcd [Pg 3 / 3]

Procedure V-Belt Selection

• Calculate the pitch length LP
• Based on the calculated LP, choose the belt from Table 17-10 & Table 17-11
• Calculate center distance C, between pulley
• Verify the value C to satisfy [ D < C < 3( D + d) ]
• Calculate the number of belts required by
1. Hd : designed horse power,
2. Ha : allowable HP per belt,
Where
• Htab : HP ratings of std belt (from Table 17-12)
• K1 : angle of wrap correction factor (Table 17-13)
• K2 : belt length correction factor (Table 17-14)
• Nb: number of belts round up to a higher value integer

• Calculate all the related force FC , F1 , F2 , η based on per belt analysis. Use equation
17-21 to find Kc and equation 17-18, 17-22 & 17-24 to find F1 & F2 .
• Calculate the actual belt tension, T1 & T2. (due to flexural stress - Fb at smaller and
larger sheave. Refer to Table 17-16 for data).
• Find number of passes N p and life t from eqn. 17-27 & 17-28)

Sample 1
A machine commissioned to be utilized at a construction site will consist of a V-belt pulley
system of 290-mm and 1500-mm sheave diameters at about 1.9 m apart, driven by a 40-kW
engine at 400 rpm. The machine will operate under normal torque of lightest medium shock
condition with a 1.1 design factor. The engineer has to select from either a B2125, C6750 or
D9000 belt based on minimum sheave diameter and kW range.
Determine
1. the suitable belt type and reason for choice,
2. the actual centre distance of the pulleys,
3. the number of belt(s) required,
4. the forces on one belt,
5. the factor of safety, and
6. the life of the belt(s) in passes and hours.