Section 4- Joint and Solidary Obligations

Article 1207. The concurrence that two or

more creditors or of two or more debtors in
one and the same obligation does nto imply
that each one of the former has a right to
demand, or that eacn one of the latter is
bound to render, entire ompliance with the
prestation. There is a solidary liability
onlywhen the obligation expressly so states or
when the law or the nature of the obligation
requires solidarity.

Article 1208. If from the law, or the nature or

the wording of the obligations to which the
preceding article refers, the contrary does not
appear, the credit or debt shall be presumed to
be divided into as many equal shares as there
are creditors or debtors, or credits or debts
being considered distince from one of the
Rules of Court governing the multiplicity of
suits.

Kinds of obligations according to the number

of parties

1. Individual obligation- 1 obligor and 1

obligee
2. Collective obligation- 2 or more
creditors or 2 or more debtors
a. Joint- whole oligation to be paid
of fulfilled proportionately by
the different debtors or
demanded proportionately by
the different creditors
b. Solidary- one of the debtors is
bound to render and or each
one of the creditors has a right
to demand from any of the
debtors.
Collective obligation presumed to be joint