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Fig.3: Separation between Large and Small Slabs that Create Irregularities
Fig.5: Construction Joint; (A) Without Stressing, (B) With Intermediate Stressing
The construction joints provided in Figure-5 is different from cold joints because not only does the
position of construction joint is specified by designer but also it is employed to control cracks.
However, cold joints are formed when concrete batch is finished and time interval of three to seven
days usually occurs between first and second concrete placement. Intermediate stressing is used for
long tendons where large stress loss occurs.
Based on performance experience of post tensioned slabs, numbers of guidelines for introducing
closure strips are provided. For example, closure strips or structural separation are not required if slab
length is smaller than 76 m and supporting wall is located favorably.
One centrally positioned closure strip is provided when slab length is greater than 76 m and less than
114 m, and for slab length larger than 114 m it is recommended to provide structural separation.
Slab-Column Release
It is possible to design columns to resist lateral forces conducive to lateral displacement between their
ends with no distress indications or might be released to make rooms for relative displacements at slab-
column joint. Figure-7 illustrates hinged construction at base ends of column and detailing of the joints.
Fig.7: Hinged Construction at Base of End Columns; (A) Elevation View, (B) Joint Detailing
Wall Joints
These are vertical joints between adjacent walls by which displacements of slabs and beams supported
by the wall are accommodated.
They are considerably influential in mitigating cracks in beams, slabs, and supported walls as well.
Figure-8 illustrates plan of rectangular slab supported by interior columns and perimeter walls.
Fig.8: Wall Joints; (A) Plan Showing All Joints and Closure Strips, (B) Plan Showing
Arrangements of Different Wall-Slab Joints
Fig.9: Crack Mitigating Reinforcement next to Shear Walls; (A) Interior Shear Wall. (B) Exterior
Shear Wall
It is demonstrated that, placing reinforcement as shown in Figure 10 in slabs parallel to shear walls
over distance of nearly 3m vertical to the wall is substantially effective.
The reinforcement ratio is 0.0015 multiply by slab cross sectional area over one third of the transverse
span. The spacing between bars is 1.5 times the thickness and installed alternately at the top and
bottom.