Coffee

Coffee
For coffee, which is one of herbs that well known for most of people around
the world. Basically, coffee is originated from tropical Africa before exported to all
over the world. For coffee, it is slight acidic and has a stimulating effect on humans
because of its caffeine content. Besides being part of an ingredient to produce
many kind of drink, coffee also have a lot of advantages. Firstly, coffee may help
protect type 2 of diabetes because it helps increasing the level of plasma of protein
sex hormone-binding globulin (SBHG). The reason is because SHBG controls the
biological activity of sex hormones in our body (testosterone and estrogen) which
play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, coffee also helps
reducing risk of being any other disease as well. For example, Parkinson's disease,
liver cancer, and heart disease. Furthermore, coffee can prevent premature death,
and colorectal cancer. Talking about the nutrition, coffee is considered as a herb
that have plenty of antioxidants that are beneficial for our body system in order to
function properly.

8 chemicals compound found in Caffeine

1. Chlorogenic Acid
2. 3-caffeoylquinic-1,5-lactone
3. Phenylindanes
4. Caffeine
5. β-damascenone
6. 2-furfurylthiol
7. 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine
8. 2,3-butanedione
Caffeine
First of all, caffeine is a chemical which can be abundantly in coffee, tea,
cola, and other products as well. Commonly, caffeine is most commonly used in
order to improve mental alertness. Moreover, caffeine can be found as one of the
chemical combines in aspirin, acetaminophen, or ergotamine (for treating
migraine headache). However, some people use caffeine for healing asthma,
gallbladder disease, shortness of breath in newborns, low blood pressure,
attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), type 2 diabetes, and even for
weight loss. Furthermore, among athletes, caffeine is one of the most commonly
used stimulants to boost the energy up.

Amide
Amine

caffeine

Property name Property value

Molecular Formula C8H10N4O2
Status Dry powder/Solid

Color White, prismatic crystals

Odor Odorless
Taste Bitter
Solubility 10 to 50 mg/mL at 73° F
Functional groups
- Amide
- Amine

Testing

1. Amine
- First, to test amine, it can be done by using nitrous acid and if the chemical is
amine, then the yellow oil (N-Nitrosodimthylamine) will occur as an chemical
equation below.
(CH3)2NH + HCl + NaNO2 (CH3)2N—N O

- Another one is using general reaction with phenol because amine will react with
phenol and if the chemical that will be tested is amine, the orange solid
(p-(phenylazo)phenol) will occur.

2. Amide
- Basically, to test amide, it can be done by using one of the unique qualification
of it which is hydrolization. If the amide is hydrolyzed, it will split to carboxylic
acid and ammonia or primary/secondary amine as chemical equations below.
R—CONH2 R—COOH + NH3
R—CONH—R R—COOH + R—NH2
Thus, after hydrolyze, we can test carboxylic acid in order to make sure that
this is amide and the easiest method to test carboxylic acid is using NaHCO3.
The reason is because if there is some carboxylic acid, it will react with NaHCO3
and CO2 will occur.

Chlorogenic Acid

Chlorogenic acid is one of a phytochemical found in coffee and coffee

beans. Basically, it is an ester compound of caffein acid and quinic acid. For the
advantages, it has been known as a chemical that is being able to reduce blood
sugar levels and potentially works as an anti-diabetic effect. It has also been
implicated in weight loss and exerting an anti-obesity effect as well.

Alkene

Alcohol

Chlorogenic Acid

Property name Property value

Status Solid

Melting Point 205 - 209 °C

Solubility 40 mg/mL at 25 °C

Solubility Soluble in ethanol and acetone

Functional groups
- Alkene
- Alcohol

Testing

1. Alkene
- The common way to test alkene is Bromine test. The reason is because bromine
will react with double bond in alkene in both light and dark place (different from
alkane which will react only in light one). Thus, if there are alkene or alkyne,
the solution will be clear. Next, it can be distinguished between alkene and
alkyne by using KMnO4/H+. If the solution is alkene, the chemical that occurs
will be kind of glycol. However, if the chemical is alkyne, other types of organic
acid will occur instead.

2. Alcohol
- To test alcohol effectively, it can be done by testing it with Na and NaHCO3.
First, test it with Na, if H2 occurs, then the chemical can be both Carboxylic
acid and Alcohol. Next, test the chemical with NaHCO3. If it is Alcohol, there
will be no reaction. On the other hand, if it is Carboxylic acid, CO2 will occur.
2C3H7OH + Na 2C3H7ONa + H2
C3H7OH + NaHCO3 No reaction
2C4H9COOH + 2Na 2C4H9COONa + H2
C5H11COOH + NaHCO3 C5H11COONa + CO2 + H2O
References

http://www.chem.science.cmu.ac.th/adminfiles/file/203206_aroonchai/Amines%20no
%20bg%20color.pdf

https://sites.google.com/site/sanprakopinthee/xe-mid-amide/laksna-thawpi-khxng-sar-
hmu-fangkchan/kar-xan-chux-khxng-sarprakxb/pti-kriya-thi-keiywkhxng-kar-thdsxb

https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/45249/what-test-can-be-used-to-
differ-amide-and-amine

http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/weborganic/Alkynes/yneQual/yneQIntro.

hthttp://www.chem.uiuc.edu/weborganic/Alkynes/yneQual/yneQIntro.htm

https://web.ku.ac.th/schoolnet/snet5/topic8/comp_g.html

https://www.chemistryworld.com/feature/chemistry-in-every-cup/3004537.article

http://www.scienceofcooking.com/what-is-in-coffee.html

https://www.coffeeandhealth.org/topic-overview/compounds-in-coffee-2/

https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/46888206/
Antibacterial_activity_of_coffee_extract20160629-3571-tu0xm2.pdf?
AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1524423997&Signature=cexk
gg2x8msM77NDHDpwr2wxkYI%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B
%20filename%3DAntibacterial_Activity_of_Coffee_Extract.pdf

Chemistry Project

Quater 4

Semester 2

By

Milin Tanasarnsopon (Milly)

Present

Ms. Sorasaree Tonsiengsom