Seminar-II

Seminar topic – Wireless switch

Course code - BCA016A

Submitted to:- submitted by:-

Mr. kuldeep yadav Lokesh pathak
Reg.no.-17bcan054
Section-B
Batch-b1
 Contents
(1) Introduction

(2) Technical concept

(3) Block diagram

(4) Circuit diagram

(5) Working of circuit

(6) Components required and its specification

(7) Observation

(8) Conclusion

(9) Future scope

(10) references
 Introduction

Normally, home appliances are controlled by means of switches, sensors, etc.

However, physical contact with switches may be dangerous if there is any shorting.
The wireless switch circuit described here requires no physical contact for
operating the appliance. You just need to move your hand between the infrared
LED (IR LED1) and the photo-transistor (T1). The infrared rays transmitted by IR
LED1 is detected by the photo-transistor to activate the hidden lock, flush system,
hand dryer or else.

A wireless light switch is a light switch that commands a light or home

appliance to turn itself off or on, instead of interrupting the power line going to
the light fixture. There are different ways to communicate between the switch and
the fixture:

1. Using radio transmission: A radio receiver is typically wired or screwed into

a fixture or device, wired or otherwise connected to the electrical system of
the building or plugged into an outlet. The radio receiver's memory is
programmed by any number of means to respond to certain selected
"switches" or (more correctly) remote control transmitters.

2. Using the existing power lines (such as INSTEON or X10): A receiver is

plugged into an outlet and a device is then plugged into the receiver. The
plug-in receiver is then programmed to the switches. Some devices are hard
wired into ceiling light fittings, making for a hidden system.
integrate all those user interfaces.
What is wireless switch circuit
The circuit described here requires no physical contact for operating the
appliance. You just need to move your hand between the infrared LED (IR
LED1) and the phototransistor (T1). The infrared rays transmitted by IR LED1 is
detected by the phototransistor to activate the hidden lock, flush system, hand
dryer or else. This circuit is very stable and sensitive compared to other AC
appliance control circuits. It is simple, compact and cheap. Current consumption is
low in milliamperes. The circuit is built around an IC CA3140, IRLED1,
phototransistor and other discrete components. When regu- Navpreet Singh Tung
WIRELESS SWITCH s.c. dwivedi lated 5V is connected to the circuit, IR LED1
emits infrared rays, which are received by phototransistor T1 if it is properly
aligned. The collector of T1 is connected to non-inverting pin 3 of IC1. Inverting
pin 2 of IC1 is connected to voltage-divider preset VR1. Using preset VR1 you can
vary the reference voltage at pin 2, which also affects sensitivity of the
phototransistor. Op-amp IC1 amplifies the signal received from the phototransistor.
Resistor R3 controls the base current of transistor BC548 (T2). The high output of
IC1 at pin 6 drives transistor T2 to energise relay RL1 and switch on the appliance,
say, hand dryer, through the relay contacts. The working of the circuit is simple. In
order to switch on the appliance, you simply interrupt the infrared rays falling on
the phototransistor through your hand. During the interruption, the appliance
remains on through the relay. When you remove your hand from the infrared beam,
the appliance turns off through the relay. Assemble the circuit on any general-
purpose PCB. Identify the resistors through colour coding or using the multimeter.
Check the polarity and pin configuration of the IC and mount it using base. After
soldering the circuit, connect +5V supply to the circuit
Components Required

 CA3140 Operational Amplifier – 1

 Photo Transistor (L14F1) – 1
 IR LED – 1
 BC547 – 1
 1N4007 – 1
 12V Relay – 110 KΩ POT – 1
 3.3 MΩ – 1
 3.3 KΩ – 1
 470Ω – 1

Component Description
CA3140
It is a BiMOS Operational Amplifier that combines the features of Bipolar and
MOS technologies. The input stage of CA3140 is MOSFET (PMOS to be specific)
and the output stage is Bipolar.

Both the input and output stages are high voltage compatible. The minimum and
maximum operating supply voltages are 4V and 36V respectively.

Some of the applications of CA3140 are sample and hold amplifier, function
generators, power supplies, comparators, filters, all operational amplifier
applications etc.

Photo Transistor (L14F1)

L14F1 is a photo Darlington Transistor. It has a narrow reception angle.

IR LED
An IR LED is a special type of LED that emits infrared rays. It emits rays at a
wavelength that is higher than that of the visible light. Hence, the emission is not
visible to the human eye. IR Receivers or photo transistors are used to detect the IR
rays from IR LED.
 Circuit Design of Wireless Switch

The BiMOS Operational Amplifier is designed as a comparator.CA3140 is an 8 pin

IC. Pins 7 and 4 are supply pins and are connected to supply and ground
respectively.

Pins 2 and 3 are the input pins. Pin 2 is inverting input and is given to the wiper of
a 10 KΩ POT. The other terminals of the POT are connected to Vcc and Gnd to
complete the voltage divider.

The non-inverting pin (Pin 3) of the operational amplifier is connected to the

collector of the photo transistor (L14F1). A 100 KΩ resistor is connected between
Vcc and collector of the photo transistor.

The emitter of the photo transistor is connected to ground. An IR LED is connected

before the photo transistor with a current limiting resistor (470Ω).

Pin 6 of CA3140 is the output pin. It is connected to the base of a transistor

(BC547) via 3.3 KΩ resistor. A 470 µF capacitor is connected from base of BC547
to ground.

The emitter of the transistor is connected to ground. One end of the relay coil is
connected to the collector of BC547 while the other end is connected to 5V supply.

A diode (1N4007) is connected across the coil terminals of the relay to block
reverse current. The contacts of the relay are connected to a load and AC mains
supply.
Working of Wireless Switch

The aim of this project is to implement a wireless switch

which will turn on or off any electrical appliance without
physical contact with the switch.

The construction of the project is very simple as the

hardware used is very little. The working of the wireless
switch is explained here.

The project works on the principle of photo detection or light

detection. IR LED continuously emits infrared radiations.
These radiations fall on the photo transistor and provide a
base current to the photo transistor which will turn on the
transistor.

As long as the transistor is on, the input at non-inverting

terminal (Pin 3) of the operational amplifier CA3140, which
acts as a comparator, is less than that of inverting terminal
(Pin 2).

The output of the op amp is low. As a result, the transistor

(BC547) that is connected to the output terminal (Pin 6) is
off. The relay is not energized and the load stays off.

When there is an interruption to the light falling on the photo

transistor, due to placing an object like a hand between the
IR LED and photo transistor, there will be no base current to
the photo transistor and as a result it is turned off.

As the photo transistor is off, the input to the non – inverting

terminal of the op amp will be higher than the inverting
terminal. Hence, the output of the op amp is high.

This will turn on the transistor BC547 and the relay is

energized. The load that is connected to the relay coils is
turned on.
Block diagram of wireless switch
Circuit diagram of wireless switch