Government of Nepal

Ministry of Urban Development

Central level Project Implementation Unit (CLPIU)
Babarmahal, Kathmandu

Training on Earthquake Resilient Building

construction
Design concept of RCC building

Session -3.5

Training on Earthquake resilient building

 Objectives
As a result of this session, you should be able to:

• To Understand the design concept of the RCC building

 BUILDING
DESCRIPTION
Type: Residential building
Building Typology: Reinforcement Concrete Frame Building
Form:
Plan Shape: Rectangular shaped
Plan Configuration: Regular
Vertical Configuration: Regular
Plinth Area: 909.5 sq.ft
Number of Stories Three Storey
Position of the Building: Free Standing
Total Height: 33ft from lower ground level
Inter Storey Height: 11’
Location of site: Bhaisepathi, lalitpur, Nepal
BUILDING
DESCRIPTION

Figure 1: Ground Floor Plan

Check for Plan irregularities
Check for Plan irregularities
Check for Plan irregularities
Check for Vertical irregularities
Check for Vertical irregularities
Check for Vertical irregularities
 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Material: Reinforced Cement Concrete

Frame System: Special Moment Resisting Frame
Floor System: Two-Way Solid Slab
Foundation System: Isolated footing
 Material Strengths:
Member Concrete Grade
Columns M20
Beams M20
Slabs M20
Foundation M20

Steel

Steel Type Grade

Thermo mechanically Treated
Fe 500
Bar(TMT)
 Preliminary Design: Slab
• Assume trial Slab depth =125mm
• DL Intensity = 0.125*25 = 3.125 KN/m2
• Finishing load intensity =1.0KN/m2
• LL Intensity =2 KN/m2 ( for residential Building)
• Total design load = w = 1.5(DL +LL)
=1.5(3.125+1+2) = 9.188 KN/m2
• Ref IS456:2000, cl 24.4,ANNEX D
• Slab Boundary Condition: Two adjacent edge
discontinuous
• Aspect ratio, ly/lx = 4200/3900 =1.08
 Preliminary Design: Slab
• Short Span Coefficients αx :
For continuous edge =0.0518
For Mid span = 0.039
• Long Span Coefficients αy:
For continuous edge = 0.047
For mid span =0.035
 Preliminary Design: Slab
Balance section criteria:
• Critical moment coefficient for balance section
criteria = max. αx = 0.0518
• Critical slab Moment = αx w lx2
= 0.0518*9.188*3.92 =7.24 KN-m
• Fck=20Mpa
• Fy = 415Mpa
• Depth of the slab for Balanced
section{M=0.138fck*b*d2}, d =59 mm
 Preliminary Design: Slab
Deflection criteria:
• Deflection Criteria IS456,2000 cl23.2.1
• Span =BV*mft * deff
• BV = 23 for one edge discontinuous.
• Assume depth of the slab =125 mm,
deff =125-15-4=104mm
• Critical moment coefficient for deflection criteria is
the maximum one at the mid span αx = 0.039
• Critical slab Moment, M = αx w lx2
 Preliminary Design: Slab
• Actual mid span moment
= 0.039*1.5(3.125+2+1)*3.92 =5.45KNm
• From chart 13 of SP16,
Required Ast =0.14% for deff =104mm and M=5.45
KNm
• Also from formula,
Ast = 0.5 fck bd [ 1- √(1-4.6M/(fck bd2))]/fy
= 150 mm2
• pt % = Ast/bd =0.14%
• Minimum Ast required = 0.12% ,
hence OK, pt =0.14%
 Preliminary Design: Slab

• For fs=0.58*415*1 =240.7 MPa

From fig 4 of IS 456; 2000 ,mft= 1.9
• BV * mft = 23 * 1.9 = 43.7
• deff = span = 3900 = 89mm
• D req=89+15+4=108 <125mm
• Hence Overall Depth of 125mm is ok with slab
 Preliminary Design: Slab

Fig : Modification factor for Tension reinforcement

 Preliminary Design: Beam
Depth of beam: Deflection Criterion:
• Deflection criteria: Use simplified form of IS456,2000
cl23.2.1
• Span/deff = BV*mft*mfc*mff *mfs
• Where BV = Basic value which depends on end
conditions.
Simply supported 20
Continuous 26
• For one end simply supported and other continuous,
BV = (20+26)/2 =23
 Preliminary Design: Beam
• mft = Multiplying factor for tension steel(fig. 4, IS
456)
mft= 0.8 for assumed 2.5% tension steel
mfc = Multiplying factor for compression steel
(fig. 5, IS 456)
mfc = 1.25 for assumed 1% Compression steel
mfc = Reduction factor depending on web width to
flange ratio(fig. 6, IS 456)
mff= 0.8 for assumed web width/ flange
width<0.3
mfs = 1 for span <10m
 Preliminary Design: Beam
• Span/deff = 20*0.8*1.25*0.8*1=16 (approx),for
simply supported
• Span/deff = 26*0.8*1.25*0.8=20( approx),for both
end continuous
• Span/deff = 23*0.8*1.25*0.8=18( approx), for one
end simply supported and other continuous
• deff = span/18 = 4200/18 = 233.33 mm
• Overall depth, D =deff +(assumed bar φ)/2+Clear
cover = 233.33+25/2+25 = 270.83mm
• Assume D= 300mm ( 12”)
 Preliminary Design: Beam
Depth of beam: Ductile Detailing criteria (Minimum
depth):IS13920: 1993, cl 6.3.5
• The spacing of hoops over a length of 2d at either end of a
beam
• s< [deff/4, 8*φsmall longitudinal bar] min
• Assume, s =75 mm minimum (to avoid construction
difficulties)
• Effective depth of the beam/4 =75 mm
• Effective depth of the beam =300mm
• Overall depth of the beam = 300+25/2+25= 337.5
=350 mm (approx round off value)
• IS13920: 1993, cl 6.1.4, L/D >4, 4200/350 = 12 >4,
Hence OK.
 Preliminary Design: Beam

Width of beam: Ductile Detailing criteria:

• Taking width of beam = B =230mm
• IS 13920:1993, cl 6.1.3, Minimum width
=200mm, hence OK.
• IS 13920:1993, cl 6.1.2, B/D > 0.3, 230/350=
0.67 > 0.3, hence OK.
• Use B = 230 mm
• Hence use D = 350mm and B=230mm
 Preliminary Design: Column
• According to the new draft code of IS 13920 the
minimum dimension of column should be 15 times the
largest bar diameter of beam => Minimum dimension
for 20 mm dia bar =15*20=300mm
• IS 13920:1993,cl 7.1.2, Minimum size of column =
200mm
• Maximum spacing of hoops as per confining
reinforcement, s = D/4
• Minimum size of column, D = 4s = 4*75 = 300mm
• Use your experience to select column size starting from
300X300 in multiple of 25
• Hence use column size 300mmX300mm
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING
AND ANALYSIS OF BUILDING
USING SAP2000
 Load Adopted: Dead
Load
Load calculation is done using the NBC 102:1994 as
reference. At first type of material is selected and value of
unit weight of the materials is taken from the above
mentioned code

R.C.C Slab, Beam and Column = 25.0 KN/m3

Screed (25mm thick) = 19.2 KN/m3
Cement Plaster (20mm thick) = 20.40
KN/m3
Marble Dressed = 26.50 KN/m3
Telia Brick = 19 KN/m3
 Load Adopted: Live
Load
Live load for the floor and Roof is taken from IS 875 part 2 as
referred by National building code. For residential Building,
Following load has be taken (Table 1, IS 875 Part 2)

All rooms and kitchens - 2 KN/m2

Toilet and bath rooms - 2 KN/m2
Corridors, passages, staircases including tire escapes
and storerooms - 3 KN/m2
Balconies - 3 KN/m2
 Load Adopted: Live
Load
Live load for the floor and Roof is taken from IS 875 part 2 as
referred by National building code. For residential Building,
Following load has be taken (Table 1, IS 875 Part 2)

All rooms and kitchens - 2 KN/m2

Toilet and bath rooms - 2 KN/m2
Corridors, passages, staircases including tire escapes
and storerooms - 3 KN/m2
Balconies - 3 KN/m2
Load Adopted: Live
Load

Figure 6: First Floor Live Load

 Load Adopted: Floor
Finish
Floor Finish Load is calculated Simple Marble
Finishes. With load calculation
Depth of Finishes = 1.5” = 0.0375 m
Unit weight of Marble = 26.5 KN/m3
Weight per Square meter = 0.0375 * 26.5 = 0.994
KN/m2 (Assume 1 KN/m2)
Load Adopted: Floor
Finish

Figure 3: First Floor

 Load Adopted: Wall
Load
Total
UDL
Wall Parameter Load(T)
Density Opening
Remarks
Floor Direction Wall Grid Length Width Height (r ) Area(A) (L*H*- T/L
(L) (W) (H) A)W*r
(m) (m) (m) KN/m3 m2 KN KN/m
A1-B1 2.57 0.230 2.995 19.000 2.789 21.391 8.3
B1-C1 3.23 0.230 2.995 19.000 3.346 27.597 8.6
A2-B2 2.57 0.115 2.995 19.000 1.952 12.523 4.9
B2-C2 3.23 0.115 2.995 19.000 0.000 21.110 6.5
X
A3-B3 2.57 0.230 2.995 19.000 1.859 25.452 9.9
B3-C3 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0 0+10.6=10.6
Offset
3.23
Wall 0.230 2.995 19.000 1.859 34.096 10.6 To B3-C3
1
A1-A2 3.73 0.230 2.995 19.000 0.000 48.869 13.1
A2-A3 4.50 0.230 2.995 19.000 0.000 58.842 13.1
B1-B2 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.0 0+4.9=4.9
Offset
Y 3.73
Wall 0.115 2.995 19.000 2.789 18.341 4.9 To B1-B2
B2-B3 4.50 0.115 2.995 19.000 4.555 19.469 4.3
C1-C2 3.73 0.230 2.995 19.000 0.000 48.869 13.1
C2-C3 4.50 0.230 2.995 19.000 0.000 58.842 13.1
Load Adopted: Wall
Load
 Earthquake Load
using NBC 105
The design horizontal seismic coefficient

V = CZIK
Where,
C = Basic seismic coefficient
Z = Zone factor
I =Importance factor
K = Structural performance factor
 Fundamental Time
Period, T
 For Concrete Frames
T = 0.075 h0.75

 For Steel Frame

T = 0.085 h0.75

 For Other structures:

T=0.09 h/√D

Where H= Building Height in m , D=Base Dimension at

plinth level in m
 Basic Seismic
Coefficient (C)

C depends on:

• Time period
of structure

• Soil condition
 Zone Factor (Z) (cl8.1.6)

Zone factor for Kathmandu according to

NBC code,
Z=1
 Importance Factor (I)(cl.8.1.7)
I depends on: s.n Type of Building I
• Functional Use of 1 Monumental Building 1.5
Structure 2 Essential Facilities 1.5
• Hazardous consequence 3 Distribution facilities for 2
of its failure gas or petroleum
products in Urban areas
• Post earthquake
4 Structures for the 2
functional needs support or containment
• Historical Value of dangerous substances
(such as acids, toxic
• Economic Importance substances etc)
5 Other 1
 Seismic Load Calculation
Zone factor for Kathmandu according to NBC code,
Z=1
Structural performance factor (K) =1 for moment resisting
frame.
Importance factor =1
total height of the building H=10.06 m,
the relation,
T=0.09*H/D^1/2 sec.
Dx= 35’ = 10.67 m, Dy= 27’ = 8.23 m
i.e
TX= 0.28 Sec
Ty= 0.32 Sec.
 Seismic Load Calculation
With this fundamental time period in medium soil type-
II, a graphical interpolation has been made to calculate
The value of C = 0.08

i.e Horizontal acceleration spectrum Cd = 0.08

TABLE: Auto Seismic - User Coefficient
LoadPat Dir PercentEcc EccOverride UserZ C K WeightUsed BaseShear
Text Text Unitless Yes/No Yes/No Unitless Unitless KN KN
EQX+ X 0.05 No No 0.08 1 2884.991 230.799
EQX- X -0.05 No No 0.08 1 2884.991 230.799
EQY+ Y 0.05 No No 0.08 1 2884.991 230.799
EQY- Y -0.05 No No 0.08 1 2884.991 230.799
 Vertical Distribution of Base
Shear
 Design Seismic Force at each level i

Wi hi
Qi  VB n

W h
j 1
j j

Where hi = floor height

 Vertical Distribution of Base
Shear
TABLE: Auto Seismic Loads To Horizontal Diaphragms
LoadPat AutoLdType Diaphragm DiaphragmZ FX FY MZ X Y Z
Text Text Text m KN KN KN-m m m m
EQX+ USER COEFF D3 10.06 81.32 0.00 -38.30 5.15 3.91 10.06
EQX+ USER COEFF D2 6.71 99.65 0.00 -20.20 5.15 3.91 6.71
EQX+ USER COEFF D1 3.35 49.83 0.00 -10.10 5.15 3.91 3.35
EQX- USER COEFF D3 10.06 81.32 0.00 26.14 5.15 3.91 10.06
EQX- USER COEFF D2 6.71 99.65 0.00 58.78 5.15 3.91 6.71
EQX- USER COEFF D1 3.35 49.83 0.00 29.39 5.15 3.91 3.35
EQY+ USER COEFF D3 10.06 0.00 81.32 39.84 5.15 3.91 10.06
EQY+ USER COEFF D2 6.71 0.00 99.65 72.40 5.15 3.91 6.71
EQY+ USER COEFF D1 3.35 0.00 49.83 36.20 5.15 3.91 3.35
EQY- USER COEFF D3 10.06 0.00 81.32 -44.43 5.15 3.91 10.06
EQY- USER COEFF D2 6.71 0.00 99.65 -30.87 5.15 3.91 6.71
EQY- USER COEFF D1 3.35 0.00 49.83 -15.44 5.15 3.91 3.35
LOAD COMBINATION
The different load cases have been combined as
per NBC 105 code.

1.5 DL + 1.5 LL
DL + 1.3 LL +- 1.25 EQ (+X)
DL + 1.3 LL +- 1.25 EQ (-X)
DL + 1.3 LL +- 1.25 EQ (+Y)
DL + 1.3 LL +- 1.25 EQ (-Y)
0.9 DL +- 1.25 EQ (+X)
0.9 DL +- 1.25 EQ (-X)
0.9 DL +- 1.25 EQ (+Y)
0.9 DL +- 1.25 EQ (-Y)
MODAL RESULT

TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios

OutputCase StepType StepNum Period UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumUZ
Text Text Unitless Sec Unitless Unitless Unitless Unitless Unitless Unitless
MODAL Mode 1 0.84 0.01 0.85 0.00 0.01 0.85 0.00
MODAL Mode 2 0.80 0.86 0.02 0.00 0.87 0.86 0.00
MODAL Mode 3 0.68 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.89 0.89 0.00
MODAL Mode 4 0.28 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.89 0.98 0.00
MODAL Mode 5 0.27 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.98 0.00
MODAL Mode 6 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.98 0.00
MODAL Mode 7 0.18 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.99 1.00 0.00
MODAL Mode 8 0.17 0.01 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
MODAL Mode 9 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
MODAL Mode 10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.17 1.00 1.00 0.17
MODAL Mode 11 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.12 1.00 1.00 0.30
MODAL Mode 12 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.30
DRIFT CHECK OF THE BUILDING

The deformation of the buildings is also determined and found that

the drift limit (0.4%) is compliance with the provision of IS
1893:2002.
Inter Storey
Story Load UX UY Drift(%)
STORY1 EQX- 8.27 1.09 0.25
STORY2 EQX- 16.63 2.18 0.25
STORY3 EQX- 20.90 2.67 0.13
STORY1 EQX+ 7.34 -0.15 0.22
STORY2 EQX+ 14.72 -0.34 0.22
STORY3 EQX+ 18.49 -0.52 0.11
STORY1 EQY- -0.15 7.82 0.23
STORY2 EQY- -0.35 16.04 0.25
STORY3 EQY- -0.50 20.27 0.13
STORY1 EQY+ 1.07 9.44 0.28
STORY2 EQY+ 2.14 19.34 0.30
STORY3 EQY+ 2.64 24.44 0.15
CHECK FOR TORSION
Displacement Displacemen
Average Maximum 1.2 *Average
Storey Case of A t of B Remarks
Displacemant Displacement Displacemant
UX UY Ux Uy
Torsion
EQX- 6.70 -0.97 8.27 1.09
1 7.48 8.27 8.98 Regular
Torsion
EQX- 13.47 -1.95 16.63 2.18
2 15.05 16.63 18.06 Regular
Torsion
EQX- 17.03 -2.38 20.90 2.67
3 18.96 20.90 22.76 Regular
Torsion
EQX+ 7.56 0.13 7.34 -0.15
1 7.45 7.56 8.94 Regular
Torsion
EQX+ 15.22 0.31 14.72 -0.34
2 14.97 15.22 17.97 Regular
Torsion
EQX+ 19.25 0.47 18.49 -0.52
3 18.87 19.25 22.65 Regular
Torsion
EQY- 0.14 8.20 -0.15 7.82
1 8.01 8.20 9.62 Regular
Torsion
EQY- 0.32 16.91 -0.35 16.04
2 16.47 16.91 19.77 Regular
Torsion
EQY- 0.46 21.53 -0.50 20.27
3 20.90 21.53 25.08 Regular
Torsion
EQY+ -0.99 6.76 1.07 9.44
1 8.10 9.44 9.72 Regular
Torsion
EQY+ -1.97 13.96 2.14 19.34
2 16.65 19.34 19.98 Regular
Torsion
EQY+ -2.43 17.80 2.64 24.44
3 21.12 24.44 25.34 Regular
 Design of slab
Project Name Date 17-Apr-17
Slab Id
DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB
Number
Lex (m) = 4.420 DESIGN CASE 2. One Short Edge Discontinuous
Ley (m) = 4.420 RATIO Ley/Lex = 1.00
fck (MPa) = M20 fck (MPa) = 20
Grade of Steel Fe 500 fy (MPa) = 500
FLOOR FINISH (kN/m2) = 1.00 w (kN/m2) = 6.125
IMPOSED LOAD (kN/m2) = 2.00 Eff. Depth - X, dx (mm) = 110
SLAB THKNESS, D (mm) = 125 Eff. Depth - Y, dy (mm) = 110
EFF. COVER - X, d'x (mm) = 15
O.K
EFF. COVER - Y, d'y (mm) = 15

SPAN, SUPPORT, SPAN SUPPORT,

DESIGN RESULTS +VE X -VE X +VE Y -VE Y
Area of Steel Required (mm2) 150 150 150 150
SELECT BAR DIA. (mm) 8 8 8 8
SPACING OF REBAR (mm) 150 150 150 150
SPACING OF STEEL FOR ITTIRATION (mm)= 150 150 150 150
Area of Steel Provided (mm2) 335 335 335 335
OK OK OK OK

CALCULATIONS
Value of α 0.0280 0.0370 0.0280 0.0370
UNFACTORED BM (kN.m/m) = 3.3505 4.4274 3.3505 4.4274
Factored Bending Moment,M(KN.m/m) 5.0257 6.6412 5.0257 6.6412
Ast (mm2/m) = 108 144 108 144
Ast,min (mm2/m) = 150 150 150 150
Coefficent for Slab type 23.00 Slab Type 1.Continous Slab
Check For Deflection OK OK OK OK
EFF. DEPTH, REQd.(mm) 49.97
EFF. DEPTH PROVIDED (mm) = 110.00
2
CORNER REINF. FOR TORSION (mm /m)
O.K
1. BOTH EDGE, DISCONTINUOUS = 150
2. ONE EDGE DISCONTINUOUS = 150
EDGE STRIP REINF. (mm2/m) = 150
 Design of Beam
The beams are designed with the help of SAP 2000 and
checked manually. The calculation of reinforcement on
typical section of beam is obtained as shown below
 Design of Column

The rectangular columns are designed with the help of

SAP 2000 and checked manually
Check of Strong column
weak beam
Check for Strong column weak beam:
From IS code of ductile detailing of RC structures subjected to seismic forces
∑Mc ≥ 1.1 ∑Mb
Where, at a given joint,
∑Mc is the sum of the moment of resistance of the columns.
∑Mb is the sum of the moment of resistance of the beams along each principal plane of the joint.
(i)Checking capacity of column B2 at ground floor( x-direction):
1)Column detail:
B = 300 mm
D = 300 mm
fck =20 MPa
fy = 500 MPa
Pt = 1.78
Factored axial load on column = Pu = 529 kN
Pu
= 0.294
fck bD
pt
= 0.089
fck
d’ = 40
From SP-16, chart 46
Mu
= 0.13
fck bD2
Mu = 70.2 kNm
∑Mc = 140.4 kNm
Beam detail: b) Y-direction:
a) X-direction: Y-direction Beam
X-direction Beam Hogging Mu =32.2 KN
Hogging Mu = 32.2 KN Sagging Mu = 32.2 KN
Sagging Mu = 32.2 KN 1.1 ∑Mb = 70.84 kN
1.1 ∑Mb = 70.84 kN 1.1 ∑Mb < ∑Mc
1.1 ∑Mb < ∑Mc Hence, the check is satisfied along Y direction.
Hence, check is satisfied along X-direction. Hence, the strong column/weak beam requirement is satisfied in X and Y directions
Design of foundation
Fck Fy Df palw yt d' d0
ISOLATED FOOTING
20 500 1.5 100 16 50 200
Req. Check
FOT Pu Mux Muy Bc Dc A L B  BM/M dM D Bar dia Spacing for
2 2
(kN) (kN-M) (kN-M) (mm) (mm) (M ) (Ft) (Ft) (kN/M ) (kN-M) (mm) (mm) (mm) cm c/c Shear
A1 251.16 -7.048 2.305 300 300 2.08 4.00 6.00 117.7 30 77 550 12 15.0 OK
A2 307.46 5.806 2.1001 300 300 2.54 6.00 6.00 97.6 29 75 550 12 15.0 OK
A3 107.42 2.811 1.0348 300 300 0.89 5.00 5.00 51.0 10 48 550 12 15.0 OK
B1 473.97 -8.281 5.043 300 300 3.92 5.00 8.50 125.0 76 103 550 12 15.0 OK
B2 646.98 3.85 5.3946 300 300 5.35 8.50 8.50 98.2 64 95 550 12 15.0 OK
B3 362.83 6.062 5.0822 300 300 3.00 6.00 6.00 114.4 33 81 550 12 15.0 OK
-
C1 572.4 -9.062
0.4207 300 300 4.73 5.00 8.75 140.3 95 114 550 12 15.0 OK
-
C2 777.98 3.384
1.2603 300 300 6.43 8.75 8.75 110.4 77 102 550 12 15.0 OK
-
C3 459.88 6.851
1.5618 300 300 3.80 6.50 6.50 122.4 43 89 550 12 15.0 OK
-
D1 317.9 -6.591
5.7261 300 300 2.63 4.50 6.50 109.6 39 84 550 12 15.0 OK
D2 433.94 3.008 -5.282 300 300 3.59 6.50 6.50 112.8 40 85 550 12 15.0 OK
-
D3 235.91 4.602
3.8637 300 300 1.95 5.00 5.00 109.3 20 70 550 12 15.0 OK

Strap Beam
Depth Width Reinforcement
SN Beam Left Mid Right
mm mm Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom
1 A1-A2 550 300 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ
2 B1-B2 550 300 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ
3 C1-C2 550 300 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ
4 D1-D2 550 300 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ 5–16Φ
 Design of Staircase

The design of staircase is to be done manually.

Thank You !!!