4/22/2018 Channel Length Modulation in MOSFET (VLSI Design) – Buzztech

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Channel Length Modulation in MOSFET (VLSI

Design)
VLSI Design

Terminology:

IDS = current from drain to source OR drain-source current

VDS = drain to source voltage
L = length of the channel

Now for the ideal case, in the saturation region, IDS becomes independent of VDS i.e. in the saturation region channel is
pinched off at the drain end and a further increase in VDS has no effect on the channel’s shape.

But in practice increase in VDS does affect the channel. In the saturation region, when VDS increases, the channel pinch-off
point is moved slightly away from the drain, towards the source as the drain electron field “pushes” it back. The reverse bias
depletion region widens and the effective channel length decreases by an amount of ∆L for an increase in VDS.

Thus the channel no longer “touches” the drain and acquires an asymmetrical shape that is thinner at the drain end. This
phenomenon is known as channel length modulation.

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4/22/2018 Channel Length Modulation in MOSFET (VLSI Design) – Buzztech

Thus channel length modulation can be defined as the change or reduction in length of the channel (L) due to
increase in the drain to source voltage (VDS) in the saturation region.

In large devices, this effect is negligible but for shorter devices ∆L/L becomes important. Also in the saturation region due to
channel length modulation, IDS increases with increase in VDS and also increases with the decrease in channel length L.

The voltage-current curve is no longer flat in this region.

The drain current with channel length modulation is given by:

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To account for the dependence of ID on VDS in the saturation region, replace L by L – ∆L. We know that in the saturation
region, drain to source current (IDS = ID) is given by:

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4/22/2018 Channel Length Modulation in MOSFET (VLSI Design) – Buzztech

Assuming 

Since ∆L increases with increase in VDS

OR

where, = process technology parameter with unit μm/V.

therefore,

where,

= process technology parameter with unit V-1

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