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1. Con los datos del apéndice 3, calcule el cambio de entropía estándar para las
siguientes reacciones a 25°C.
a. H2(g)+CuO(s) → Cu(s)+H2O(g)
0 0 0
∆𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 = ∆𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠 − ∆𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠
0
∆𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑆 0 [Cu(s)] + 𝑆 0 [H2 O(g)] − 𝑆 0 [H2 (g)] − 𝑆 0 [CuO(s)]
0
∆𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 33,15 𝐽⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾 + 188,7 𝐽⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾 − 130,6 𝐽⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾 − 42,63 𝐽⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾
0 0 0
∆𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 = ∆𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠 − ∆𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠
0
∆𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑆 0 [Al2 O3 (s)] + 3 × 𝑆 0 [Zn(s)] − 2 × 𝑆 0 [Al(S)] − 3 × 𝑆 0 [ZnO(s)]
0 𝐽 𝐽 𝐽 𝐽
∆𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 50,94 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾 + 3 (41,6 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾 ) − 2 (28,3 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾 ) − 3 (43,64 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾 )
0 0 0
∆𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 = ∆𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠 − ∆𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠
0
∆𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑆 0 [CO2 (g)] + 2 × 𝑆 0 [H2 O(l)] − 𝑆 0 [CH4 (g)] − 2 × 𝑆 0 [O2 (g)]
0 𝐽 𝐽 𝐽 𝐽
∆𝑆𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 213,6 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾 + 2 (110 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾 ) − 186,2 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾 − 2 (205 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾 )
∆𝐺𝑓0 = ∆𝐺𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠
0 0
− ∆𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠
𝐽 𝐽 𝐽
∆𝐺𝑓0 = 2 (86,57 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙 ) − 0 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙 − 0 ⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙
b. H2O(l)→H2O(g)
∆𝐺𝑓0 = ∆𝐺𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠
0 0
− ∆𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠
c. 2C2H2(g)+5O2(l)→4CO2(g)+2H2O(l)
∆𝐺𝑓0 = ∆𝐺𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠
0 0
− ∆𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠
B: ∆𝐻=1.8𝑘𝐽, ∆𝑆=−113J/K
∆𝐺 = ∆𝐻 − 𝑇∆𝑆
𝐽
∆𝐺 = 1800𝐽 − (298𝐾) (−113 ⁄𝐾 )
∆𝑮 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟕𝟒𝟕𝑱
No es espontanea porque el cambio de energía libre es positivo
[𝑁𝐻3 ]2
𝑘𝑐 =
[𝑁2 ][𝐻2 ]3
[0,25]2
𝑘𝑐 =
[0,11][1,91]3
𝒌𝒄 = 𝟖, 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐
[𝑁𝐻3 ]2
𝑘𝑐 =
[𝑁2 ][𝐻2 ]3
[0,25]2
𝑘𝑐 =
[0,11][1,91]3
𝒌𝒄 = 𝟖, 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐
𝐾𝑐 = 𝐾 ′ 𝑐𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑣𝑎 × 𝐾𝑐′′
1 2
𝐾𝑐 = ( ) × (9,810128)
4,21052
𝑲𝒄 = 𝟎, 𝟓𝟓𝟑𝟑𝟓
[CH3 COO− ]
𝑝𝐻 = 𝑃𝑘𝑎 + log
[CH3 COOH]
[0,2M]
𝑝𝐻 = 4,74 + log
[0,2M]
𝒑𝑯 = 𝟒, 𝟕𝟒