SEEMOUS 2018, Iaşi, Romania, March 1, 2018

Competition problems

1. Let f : [0; 1] ! (0; 1) be a Riemann integrable function. Show that

R1 R1
2 0
xf 2 (x) dx f 2 (x) dx
R1 < R01 :
0
(f 2 (x) + 1) dx 0
f (x) dx

2. Let m; n; p; q 1 and let the matrices A 2 Mm;n (R) , B 2 Mn;p (R) , C 2 Mp;q (R) , D 2 Mq;m (R) be such
that
At = BCD; B t = CDA; C t = DAB; Dt = ABC:
Prove that (ABCD)2 = ABCD.
3. Let A; B 2 M2018 (R) such that AB = BA and A2018 = B 2018 = I, where I is the identity matrix. Prove that
if Tr(AB) = 2018, then Tr A = Tr B.
4. (a) Let f : R ! R be a polynomial function. Prove that
Z 1
e x f (x) dx = f (0) + f 0 (0) + f 00 (0) + :
0

(b) Let f be a function which has a Taylor series expansion at 0 with radius of convergence R = 1. Prove that if
X1 Z 1
f (n) (0) converges absolutely then e x f (x) dx converges and
n=0 0

1
X Z 1
f (n) (0) = e x
f (x) dx:
n=0 0

Solutions

1. Use 2f (x) f 2 (x) + 1 and xf 2 (x) < f 2 (x) and integrate.

2. Denote M = ABCD: We have M = AAt so M 0 (i.e. positive semi-de…nite).

M 3 = ABCDABCDABCD = Dt C t B t At = (ABCD)t = ABCD = M .
So, the minimal polynomial of the matrix M divides x3 x =) the eigenvalues f 1; 0; 1g: But 1 cannot be
an eigenvalue since M 0: Hence the minimal polynomial divides x2 x =) M 2 M = 0:

3. n := 2018: AB = BA =) A; B are diagonalizable in a same basis: A = P 1 DP; B = P 1 EP; where D; E

are diagonal matrices containing the eigenvalues k ; k (k = 1 : : : n).
An = B n = I =) n n
PnD = E = I =) the eigenvalues k ; k (k = 1 : : : n) have modulus 1: Pn
Pn n = Tr(AB)
Pn = k=1 k k : The triangle inequality implies k k = 1 =) k = 1= k = k =) k=1 k =
k=1 k = k=1 k (because the matices are real, so the eigenvalues are in conjugate pairs). =) Tr(A) = Tr(B)
[the eigenvalues are actually the same].

4. (a) Repeated integration by parts. [Actually it results from (b)].

P1
(b) Denote a = f (n) (0): f (x)e x = R n=0 an!n xn e x ;
P1 R 1 an n n x P1 1 1 n P1
n=0 0 n! x e dx = n=0 jan j 0 n! x e x dx = n=0 jan j < 1:
x
R 1 Using axcorollary
P1 of the RLebesgue dominated
1 1 n x
P1convergence theorem =) x 7! f (x)e is integrable over [0; 1) and
0
f (x)e dx = a
n=0 n 0 n! x e dx = n=0 an :

Valeriu Anisiu
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science,
Babeş-Bolyai University,
Cluj-Napoca, Romania