Answers to exam-style questions

Module 1 (page 68) b Condensation polymerisation involves the successive

linking together of two monomers with the elimination
1 A of a small molecule. [2]
2 B
c i Amide link (peptide) [1]
3 C ii H CH3 O O H

=
4 A H N C C OH ; HO C CH2 N H

5 C H  [4]

6 a i The empirical formula of a compound is the
simplest formula which represents its composition
by mass. [1]
ii Structural formula of a compound describes the
actual number of atoms in its molecule. [1]
d i Thermoplastic polymer – on heating will soften,
harden on cooling and can be re-softened many
times. [1]
ii Thermosetting polymer – on heating will soften,
harden on cooling but cannot be re-softened [1]

b i Any THREE of the following: e Proteins, carbohydrates. [2]

H H H H H H
H 8 a 2.20 g of CO2 = 2.20/44 moles = 0.05
H C C C=C H C C =C C H
H = number of moles of carbon (C)
H H H    H H
1.21 g of H2O = 1.21/18 moles = 0.067;
H number of moles of hydrogen (H) = 0.134
H
H H H H C C=C
H H Mass of C and H in molecule = (0.05 × 12) + (0.134)
H C C=C C H H C H = 0.734 g

H H H    H  [3] Mass of oxygen (O) in molecule = (1.00 – 0.734)

= 0.266 g
ii Q is propanone from the branched-chained isomer = 0.266/16
from (b)(i). = 0.0167 moles.
H3 C H3C O(–) H+ C H O
C= O + H C N C Mole ratio 0.05 0.134 0.0167
H 3C H3C C N
0.0167 0.0167 0.0167
H3C OH = 3 : 8 : 1
C Empirical formula = C3H8O [5]
H3C C N  [5]
b Molecular mass = 22 400/373 = 60
c i Optical isomerism; the presence of a chiral carbon
atom. [2] Molecular mass
______________________
​       ​= 1;
Empirical formula mass
ii
CH3 CH3 Molecular formula = C3H8O [2]
C C c i R = propan-2-ol. Propan-2-ol has relative
HO CH3 H3C OH
molecular mass, 60, and undergoes esterification
C N C N reaction with methanoic acid and dehydration with
 [2] conc. sulphuric acid. [2]
iii Rotation of plane-polarised light. [1]
ii CH3CH(OH)CH3 + HCOOH → HCOOCH(CH3)2
+ H2O
7 a i Addition polymerisation involves the successive
linking together of unsaturated monomers Conc. H SO 2 4
CH3CH(OH)CH3 → CH3CH=CH2 + H2O [4]
resulting in polymers with an integral number of
monomer units. [2] iii A yellow precipitate will be formed.
ii H H H H H H ,
C C C C C C H C ,

H H H H H H  [2] ,  [2]

1
Answers to exam-style questions
9 a i Reacting ratio of ester / sodium hydroxide = 1 : 1 10 a i White fumes are formed. [2]
Molecular mass of ester = 1.63 × 100/2.2 = 74 g [2]
ii Bromine is decolorised:
ii Methyl ethanoate OCH3
H H
H O
= H HO C C H
H C C
O C H Br Br  [2]
H
H  [2] iii Aqueous bromine is decolorised:
OCH3
iii H H H
O
= H H HO C C H
H C C
O C C H OH Br  [3]
H
H H  [1]
b i Add aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate (or the
b i Saponification [1] solid compound) to both compounds. Only
ii Manufacture of soaps [1] ethanoic acid will produce effervescence.
or
c i Transesterification [1] Add aqueous bromine to both compounds. Phenol
ii Used in the manufacture of biodiesel fuels [2] will produce a white precipitate while no reaction
will occur with ethanoic acid. [3]
d i Chain reaction [1] ii To both compounds in turn, add aqueous sodium
ii hydroxide, heat, add dilute nitric acid and aqueous
Cl Cl �Cl + �Cl Initiation silver nitrate. Ethyl chloride will form a white
�
CH3CH2 H + �Cl CH3CH2 + H Cl precipitate, no reaction takes place with
� Propagation chlorobenzene. [3]
CH3CH2 + Cl Cl CH3CH2Cl + �Cl
�Cl + �Cl Cl2 Termination iii Add aqueous bromine to each compound. Only
cyclohexene will decolorise the bromine solution.
In the termination step any other appropriate equation (K2Cr2O7(aq)/H+(aq) or KMnO4(aq)/H+ will produce
is acceptable. [4] similar observations.) [3]