What Are Some Common Challenges With Breastfeeding?

Sore nipples. You can expect some soreness in the first weeks of
breastfeeding. Make sure your baby latches on correctly, and use
one finger to break the suction of your baby's mouth after each
feeding. That will help prevent sore nipples. If you still get sore, be
sure you nurse with each breast fully enough to empty the milk
ducts. If you don't, your breasts can become engorged, swollen, and
painful. Holding ice or a bag of frozen peas against sore nipples can
temporarily ease discomfort. Keeping your nipples dry and letting
them "air dry" between feedings helps, too. Your baby tends to suck
more actively at the start. So begin feedings with the less-sore
nipple.

Dry, cracked nipples. Avoid soaps, perfumed creams, or lotions with

alcohol in them, which can make nipples even more dry and cracked.
You can gently apply pure lanolin to your nipples after a feeding, but
be sure you gently wash the lanolin off before breastfeeding again.
Changing your bra pads often will help your nipples stay dry. And you
should use only cotton bra pads.

Worries about producing enough milk. A general rule of thumb is

that a baby who's wetting six to eight diapers a day is most likely
getting enough milk. Avoid supplementing your breast milk with
formula, and never give your infant plain water. Your body needs the
frequent, regular demand of your baby's nursing to keep producing
milk. Some women mistakenly think they can't breastfeed if they
have small breasts. But small-breasted women can make milk just as
well as large-breasted women. Good nutrition, plenty of rest, and
staying well hydrated all help, too.

Pumping and storing milk. You can get breast milk by hand or pump
it with a breast pump. It may take a few days or weeks for your baby
to get used to breast milk in a bottle. So begin practicing early if
you're going back to work. Breast milk can be safely used within 2
days if it's stored in a refrigerator. You can freeze breast milk for up
to 6 months. Don't warm up or thaw frozen breast milk in a
microwave. That will destroy some of its immune-boosting qualities,
andit can cause fatty portions of the breast milk to become super
hot. Thaw breast milk in the refrigerator or in a bowl of warm water
instead.

Inverted nipples. An inverted nipple doesn't poke forward when you

pinch the areola, the dark skin around the nipple. A lactation
consultant -- a specialist in breastfeeding education -- can give simple
tips that have allowed women with inverted nipples to breastfeed
successfully.

Breast engorgement. Breast fullness is natural and healthy. It

happens as your breasts become full of milk, staying soft and pliable.
But breast engorgement means the blood vessels in your breast have
become congested. This traps fluid in your breasts and makes them
feel hard, painful, and swollen. Alternate heat and cold, for instance
using ice packs and hot showers, to relieve mild symptoms. It can
also help to release your milk by hand or use a breast pump.
Blocked ducts. A single sore spot on your breast, which may be red
and hot, can signal a plugged milk duct. This can often be relieved by
warm compresses and gentle massage over the area to release the
blockage. More frequent nursing can also help.
Breast infection (mastitis). This occasionally results when bacteria
enter the breast, often through a cracked nipple after breastfeeding.
If you have a sore area on your breast along with flu-like symptoms,
fever, and fatigue, call your doctor. Antibiotics are usually needed to
clear up a breast infection, but you can most likely continue to
breastfeed while you have the infection and take antibiotics. To
relieve breast tenderness, apply moist heat to the sore area four
times a day for 15 to 20 minutes each time.

Stress. Being overly anxious or stressed can interfere with your let-
down reflex. That's your body's natural release of milk into the milk
ducts. It's triggered by hormones released when your baby nurses. It
can also be triggered just by hearing your baby cry or thinking about
your baby. Stay as relaxed and calm as possible before and during
nursing -- it can help your milk let down and flow more easily. That,
in turn, can help calm and relax your infant.
Premature babies may not be able to breastfeed right away. In some
cases, mothers can release breast milk and feed it through a bottle
or feeding tube.

Warning signs. Breastfeeding is a natural, healthy process. But call

your doctor if:
Your breasts become unusually red, swollen, hard, or sore.
You have unusual discharge or bleeding from your nipples.
You're concerned your baby isn't gaining weight or getting enough
milk.

Why Do Some Women Choose Not to

Breastfeed?
 Some women don't want to breastfeed in public.
  Some prefer the flexibility of knowing that a father
or any caregiver can bottle-feed the baby any time.

 Babies tend to digest formula more slowly than

breast milk, so bottle feedings may not be as
frequent as breastfeeding sessions.

The time commitment, and being "on-call" for feedings

every few hours of a newborn's life, isn't feasible for
every woman. Some women fear that breastfeeding will
ruin the appearance of their breasts. But most breast
surgeons would argue that age, gravity, genetics, and
lifestyle factors like smoking all change the shape of a
woman's breasts more than breastfeeding does.

REFERENCES

Artikel Penuh: http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/Keluarga/20130903/ke_02/Manfaat-susu-ibu-sepanjang-

hayat#ixzz57lIQj3f1
© Utusan Melayu (M) Bhd
Para ibu bendaklah menyusukan anak-anaknya selama dua tahun penuh, yaitu bagi yang ingin menyempurnakan
penyusuannya. Dan kewajiban ayah memberi makan dan pakaian kepada para ibu dengan cara yang ma’ruf. Seseorang tidak
dibebani melainkan menurut kadar kesanggupannya…
– Al – Baqarah ayat 233
Islam menganjurkan kita untuk memberikan susu ibu kepada bayi yang baru lahir, seelok-eloknya selama 2 tahun.
Jika tidak mampu untuk berikan selama 2 tahun, kita patut berusaha untuk sekurang-kurangnya memberikan susu ibu kepada
bayi untuk tempoh 6 bulan pertama.

Artikel Penuh: http://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/Kesihatan/20140817/kn_01/Kebaikan-susu-

ibu#ixzz57lHWmo8r
© Utusan Melayu (M) Bhd

Findings from selected NICHD-supported studies include the following:

 Clinical studies of lactoferrin in children.

Ochoa TJ, Pezo A, Cruz K, Chea-Woo E, Cleary TG. (2012). Biochem Cell Biol,
Jun;90(3), 457-467. Epub 2012 Mar 1. [PMID: 22380791]
 Exclusive breast milk feeding lowers the risk of death and gastrointestinal disease
in newborns.Meinzen-Derr J., Poindexter B., Wrage L., Morrow A.L., Stoll B., Donovan
E.F. 2009. Role of human milk in extremely low birth weight infants' risk of necrotizing
enterocolitis or death. Journal of Perinatology. 29(1), 57-62. [PubMed ID: 18716628]
 Higher levels of adiponectin, a serum protein, in breast milk are associated with
greater weight gain in breastfed infants. Woo, J. G., Guerrero, M. L., Guo, F., Martin,
L. J., Davidson, B. S., Ortega, H. et al. (2012). Human milk adiponectin affects infant
weight trajectory during the second year of life. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and
Nutrition, 54(4), 532-539. [PubMed ID: 22094897]
 Exclusive breastfeeding reduces respiratory- and diarrhea-related deaths among
infants born to HIV-infected women. Mwiru RS, Spiegelman D, Duggan C, Peterson K,
Liu E, Msamanga G. et al. (2011). Relationship of exclusive breast-feeding to infections
and growth of Tanzanian children born to HIV-infected women. Public Health Nutrition,
14(7), 1251-1258. [PubMed ID: 21324223]
 Neonatal protection by an innate immune system of human milk consisting of
oligosaccharides and glycans. Newburg DS. (2009). J Anim Sci, Apr;87(13 Suppl), 26-
34. Epub 2008 Nov 21. [PMID: 19028867]
ttps://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/benefits

1. American Academy of Pediatrics. (2012). Breastfeeding and the use of human

milk. Pediatrics, 129(3), e827–e841. Retrieved April 27, 2012,
from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.full.pdf+html

[top]
2. Feldman-Winter, L., & Goldsmith, J. P.; Committee on Fetus and Newborn,
Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. (2016). Safe sleep and skin-
to-skin care in the neonatal period for healthy term newborns. Pediatrics,
138(3), e20161889. Retrieved December 20, 2016,
from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/08/18/peds.2016-

1889 [top]
3. Breastfeeding reduces postpartum weight retention.
4. Baker JL, Gamborg M, Heitmann BL, Lissner L, Sørensen TI, Rasmussen KM
5. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec; 88(6):1543-51.
6. [PubMed] [Ref list]

7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3508512/#R76

http://www.myhealth.gov.my/kebaikan-susu-ibu/
 Clinical studies of lactoferrin in children.
Ochoa TJ, Pezo A, Cruz K, Chea-Woo E, Cleary TG. (2012). Biochem Cell Biol,
Jun;90(3), 457-467. Epub 2012 Mar 1. [PMID: 22380791]
 Exclusive breast milk feeding lowers the risk of death and gastrointestinal
disease in newborns.Meinzen-Derr J., Poindexter B., Wrage L., Morrow A.L., Stoll
B., Donovan E.F. 2009. Role of human milk in extremely low birth weight infants'
risk of necrotizing enterocolitis or death. Journal of Perinatology. 29(1), 57-62.
[PubMed ID: 18716628]
 Higher levels of adiponectin, a serum protein, in breast milk are associated with
greater weight gain in breastfed infants. Woo, J. G., Guerrero, M. L., Guo, F.,
Martin, L. J., Davidson, B. S., Ortega, H. et al. (2012). Human milk adiponectin
affects infant weight trajectory during the second year of life. Journal of Pediatric
Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 54(4), 532-539. [PubMed ID: 22094897]
 Exclusive breastfeeding reduces respiratory- and diarrhea-related deaths among
infants born to HIV-infected women. Mwiru RS, Spiegelman D, Duggan C,
Peterson K, Liu E, Msamanga G. et al. (2011). Relationship of exclusive breast-
feeding to infections and growth of Tanzanian children born to HIV-infected
women. Public Health Nutrition, 14(7), 1251-1258. [PubMed ID: 21324223]
 Neonatal protection by an innate immune system of human milk consisting of
oligosaccharides and glycans. Newburg DS. (2009). J Anim Sci, Apr;87(13 Suppl),
26-34. Epub 2008 Nov 21. [PMID: 19028867]

 Breastfeeding promotion increases exclusive breastfeeding of infants and doubles

the likelihood of a mother breastfeeding her next-born child.
Kramer M.S., Fombonne E., Igumnov S., Vanilovich I., Matush L., Mironova E. et al.
Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study Group. 2008. Effects
of prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding on child behavior and maternal adjustment:
evidence from a large, randomized trial. Pediatrics, 121(3), e435-40. [PubMed ID:
18310164]
 Prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding improves children's cognitive
development. Kramer M.S., Aboud F., Mironova E., Vanilovich I., Platt R.W.,
Matush L. et al. Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study
Group. 2008. Breastfeeding and child cognitive development: new evidence from a
large randomized trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(5), 578-584. [PubMed ID:
18458209]
 Prolonged or exclusive breastfeeding does not protect against asthma or
allergy. Kramer M.S., Matush L., Vanilovich I., Platt R., Bogdanovich N.,
Sevkovskaya Z. et al. Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study
Group. 2007. Effect of prolonged and exclusive breast feeding on risk of allergy and
asthma: cluster randomized trial. BMJ, 335(7624), 815. [PubMed ID: 17855282]