● 70% of all sensory receptors in your whole body are in your eyes

● Half of your entire cerebral cortex is involved

● Light is electromagnetic radiation traveling in waves
● Frequency (high pitch) and Amplitude (high volume)
● Frequency of a light determines the hue
- Short wavelengths at high frequency (blueish colors)
- Long wavelengths at low frequency (redish color)
● Amplitude relates to its brightness
- Red dull and muted at lower amplitude but bright at higher amplitude
● Electromagnetic Spectrum:

● Eye’s photoreceptors convert light energy into nerve impulses that the brain can
understand

● The eyeball is irregularly spherical with an adult diameter of about 2.5 centimeters
● Pocket by protective fat and tethered dow by 6 strap like extrinsic eye muscles
● Globe luxation is when the eye pops out of its socket
● Eye has three distinct layer

● Outermost fibrous layer is made of connective tissue most of it is the sclera and the most
anterior part is the transparent cornea
● The cornea is the window that lets the light in to the eye
● The walls middle vascular layers contains the posterior choroid which is a membrane
that supplies all layers with blood
● In the anterior there is the ciliary body which is a ring of muscle tissue that surrounds the
lens but the most important part is the middle layer the iris
● The iris is that distinctive colored part of the eye that is uniquely yours made up of
smooth muscle tissue shaped like a flat donut in between the cornea and the lens
● The sphincter muscles contract and expand changing the size of the dark dot of your
pupil
● The pupil is the opening in the Iris that allows light to travel into the eye
● Light comes in through the cornea and pupil and hits the lens
● Which is the transparent disk that focuses the light and projects it into the retina
● The retina makes up the inner layer of the back of the eyeball
- Millions of photoreceptors which convert light energy into electrical signals that your
brain will receive
● The retina has two layer the outer pigmented layer that helps absorb light so it doesn’t
scatter around the eyeball and the inner neural layer
● The inner neural layer consists of neurons not only the photoreceptors but bipolar
neurons and ganglion neurons
● Those two nerve cells combine to produce a pathway for light
● Bipolar neurons have synapses at both ends forming a bridge
● These receptor cells come in two rods and cones
● Cones are near the retina’s center and detect fine detail and color and can be divided
into red, green, and blue sensitive types based on how they respond to different light
● Rods are more numerous and light sensitive and only register a gray scale of black and
white