14 Appendix

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Contents Chapter 14

Appendix

14.1 Explanation of Specific Terms . . . . . . . . . . . 1115 14.4.5 Printing Technologies and Printing
14.1.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1115 Presses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1140
14.1.2 Abbreviations and their Meaning 14.4.6 Finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141
(Selection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1125 14.4.7 Quality, Quality Specifications, and
14.1.3 Abbreviations for Source References Measurement Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141
Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1128 14.4.8 Safety of Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1143
14.4.9 Environmental Management . . . . . . . . . . . . 1143
14.2 Physical/Technical Quantities
and Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130 14.5 Research Associations and Educational
14.2.1 Quantities and Units in the SI-System Institutions for the Graphic Arts Industry
(Selection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130 (Selection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145
14.2.2 Conversion between the SI-System and the 14.5.1 Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145
Imperial System (Metric/Imperial) . . . . . . . 1133 14.5.2 Research Institutes and Research
Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147
14.3 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1134 14.5.3 Institutions for Teaching/Training
14.3.1 List of References to Readings on the and Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1150
Chapters and Sections in this Handbook . . . 1134
14.3.2 Selected Literature on Print Media related 14.6 Associations and Organizations in the
Topics (General Bibliography and Printing and Publishing Industry
Individual Topics) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135 (Selection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1153
14.6.1 Associations and Organizations . . . . . . . . . . 1153
14.4 Standards (Selection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137 14.6.2 Industrial Joint Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1166
14.4.1 Prepress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137
14.4.2 Printing Inks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138 14.7 International Conferences for the
14.4.3 Substrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139 Graphic Arts Industry (Selection) . . . . . . . . 1168
14.4.4 Materials (Printing Plates, Blankets) . . . . . . 1140

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14.1 Explanation of Specific Terms

14.1.1 Glossary
This short glossary contains only a small selection of important terms from the fields of technologies, produc-
tion processes for print media, electronic media, communication, and information technology. A limited selec-
tion and description is given here of those terms which have been described in detail in the main section of the
book; the index can be used to look them up.
In addition to the glossary, reference is made on page 1129 to a small selection of further material for terms
used in the graphic arts industry and communication technology.
Only some of the common abbreviations are listed and explained in this section; a detailed listing is given in
section 14.1.2.
The abbreviations used for companies and organizations in the source references of figures and tables are avail-
able in section 14.1.3.

Absorption Bit Depth (Depth of Data)

Soaking in or penetration of liquid components of the ink
into the pores of an absorbent substrate (a type of physical
drying, like evaporation).
Aniline Printing
An earlier name for flexography, based on the use of the
aniline inks that were initially used.
Area Coverage Value/Area Coverage
Ratio of area coverage (area covered with image elements)
to the entire area. The area coverage value is normally stat-
ed as a percentage. With reflection originals, differentiation
is made into the effective area coverage value determined
by optical measurements (tone value) and the geometric
area coverage value determined by area measurements
(with positive originals/films normally somewhat lower
due to the lack of light-gathering).
Baud
Measure of the rate of data transfer. Number of bits per
second (bps) that can be sent from one digital device to an-
other.
Bit
The smallest addressable storage unit. Eight bits form 1
Byte.
Defined by how many bits each pixel is described and
therefore the number of gray values per pixel. Two gray
values can be described by one bit (0 or 1), 256 gray values
with 8 bits.
Bitmap
Image content made up of pixels where the pixels contain
the information for position, size, angular position, and
color and can be addressed individually.
Booklet
Book-binding product with small number of pages, often
used for short-lived literature where the cover is glued or
stitched directly to the spine of a block.
Brochure
Book-like finished product, normally of eight to forty-eight
pages. The single or multi-layer block (folded sheets joined
to one another) is inserted into a board cover (e.g., pasted
in or stitched).
Browser
General: Software program that enables browsing through
large amounts of data stocks.
The term browser is mostly used in connection with the In-
ternet. Here the main task of the browser is to enable access
to the World Wide Web, to locate, edit, and display web sites.

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1116 14 Appendix
CIE Color Space
Device-independent color space in which each color to be
reproduced is described by its standard color values X, Y, Z
(with the coordinates Y and the standard color ratios x,y).
CIELAB Color Space
Device-independent color space in which the CIE color val-
ues Y, x, y (see CIE color space) have been converted into
uniform (the human color perception is recognizing color
deviations within similar – but not equal – tolerance
ranges) chromaticity scale values L*, a*, b*. Here, L* repre-
sents the lightness, a* is the red-green proportion, and b*
the yellow-blue proportion.
CIM (Computer-Integrated Manufacturing)
Computer-integrated manufacturing of products (also of
printed products)
Cliche
Common term for the plate used in pad printing.
CMYK
Standardized base colors (process colors) for four-color
printing: Cyan, magenta, yellow, black. K stands for black
(key color) since black is often used as a reference color for
adjusting the other colors to ensure correct register/over-
printing.
Color
The aspect of visual perception by which an observer recog-
nizes optical appearance. Color is defined by three values, for
instance, hue, saturation, and brightness, or L*, a* and b*.
Color Management
Process/system for calibrating the individual devices and
machines that are involved in the workflow from color im-
age processing right through to the finished printed prod-
uct. Serves to guarantee correct color rendering from the
input (e.g., scanner) right up to the output on various me-
dia and with various printing technologies (e.g., monitor;
through printing equipment or printing presses based on
various technologies on various substrates).
Color Mixing
• Additive: light of various colors is superimposed, added
by the receiving device and perceived as color. Additive
primary colors are red, green, and blue (e.g., color televi-
sion). If all the colors (ideal colors) are superimposed
with identical intensity, the result is white.
• Subtractive: various color components within the visible
spectral range are extracted from white light (e.g.,
through optical transmission filters). Subtractive primary
colors are cyan, magenta, and yellow (e.g., for printing).
If all colors (corresponding to the filtering of the white
paper through transmission of the colors cyan, magenta,
and yellow) are printed above one another, the result is
black.
Color Separation
Splitting a color copy into the primary colors of cyan, ma-
genta, yellow, and black (previously with the aid of color
separation filters but today also possible on computers tak-
ing the digital description of the original with colorimetric
data as a basis).
Commercial Printing/Commercial Printing Presses
Single- or multicolor, single- or multi-page print products
such as leaflets, catalogs, notepaper, flyers, or business
cards, normally in small numbers and of high quality. It is
hard to define clear boundaries between illustration print-
ing, packaging printing, form printing, an so on.
As compared to special printing systems such as newspa-
per presses, commercial printing presses are flexible and
can be used for a whole range of applications (sheet-fed or
web-fed printing).
Composition
Term used for the manufacture of the text portion of a
print product/the setting of type. (Completition of the page
with the text, images, and graphics is called page make-up
or imposition).
Computer to … Technologies
These technologies describe direct imaging from a data file
either onto film (computer to film), the printing plate
(computer to plate), a printing screen (computer to
screen), a closed, cylindrical image carrier such as in
gravure printing (computer to cylinder), and the plate of a
printing press in-line (computer to press/direct imaging) as
well as via a latent image (without fixed printing master),
for instance, with electrophotography, or directly onto the
substrate, such as with ink jet (computer to print, some-
times also called computer to paper).
Continuous Tone (Contone)
The tone of an area not divided into image elements or
non-image elements, where the small pixels/image elements
are not visible to the human eye and the tone values appear
continuous (e. g., analog photography, in contrast to
screened halftone print images).
Copy
The reproduction of an original, whether transparency,
photo, print, document, or halftone or continuous-tone
film, on the same or different material.
Cross-Media
Multiple use of print data (or data describing the informa-
tion content) for various media. The data can be used to
create print products and web sites for the Internet, but also
for the contents of CD-ROMs. The digital information gen-
erated in the “premedia” section within the production
workflow can, therefore, be used to generate print media
and/or electronic media.
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Cylinder Rolling
The effective circumference of the plate, blanket, or impres-
sion cylinder. The rolling of the cylinders in contact with
one another must be balanced and ideally identical. Rolling
errors can cause dot deformation, doubling, differences in
print length, register differences, and increased printing
plate wear.
Densitometer
A device for measuring blackening or density values in
transmission with films or reflection in the print. The
measuring effect is based on a reduction in the light density
as it passes through layers.
Density (Optical Density)
An ink layer’s imperviousness to light. Mathematically the
logarithm of opacity in order to simulate the sensitivity of
human seeing (see also opacity).
Descreening (Unsharp Scanning)
To avoid moiré effects when scanning screened originals,
the originals are scanned outside the zone of sharp focus
of the scanner (therefore unsharp). The image is then
sharpened again in the computer. Descreening can also be
done on the computer using special image processing
programs.
Developing
The chemical/physical treatment of a photosensitive layer to
make visible the latent image that was created during the ex-
posure (e.g., in film imagesetting, plate imagesetting or with-
in the electrophotographic process in the NIP technique of
electrophotography).
DI (Direct Imaging)
Process of directly imaging printing plates/cylinders in the
printing press (computer to press).
Di-litho
Direct printing process developed especially for newspaper
printing using offset printing technology, where the paper
is printed directly from the printing plate (without an in-
termediate blanket cylinder).
Dispersion
1. In chemistry: mixture of two or more substances where
one substance serves as a dispersant in which another
substance is finely distributed (dispersed)
2. In optics: defraction (wave length depending) of white
light into its spectral colors when passing through the
boundary between two optical media with a special
alignment and beam direction (e.g., prism).
Dithering
• In the digitally created print image the color tones are
generated from the gray values for each color separation,
whereby the gray values of the neighboring pixels are
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14.1 Explanation of Specific Terms 1117
chosen so that the average gray value obtained in this
way is as true to the respective image spot of the original
as possible and hence the desired color effect is brought
about.
• Resolution of gray values in a pattern of black and white
microdots (e.g., in FM screening) in order to simulate a
smooth/continuous transition between gray levels.
Dot Gain
Difference between the tone value (in percent) of the print
and the corresponding tone value (in percent) of the film
that is the basis for the image carrier (plate, etc.). With
filmless production (computer to plate) or production
without a master (NIP printing processes), the dot gain re-
lates to the tone values of the base data for the color separa-
tion.
Doubling
A printing defect in offset printing products (and other in-
direct printing processes) that manifests itself as a doubled
or multiple (shadow-like) contour of the image elements.
Mechanical vibration and register deviations during the
printing process can cause doubling. Doubling can occur in
single-color printing but is a special danger in multicolor
printing. As is the case with slurring, doubling results in dot
gain.
DTP (Desktop Publishing)
The technology of electronic publishing (can be done in an
office-like environment). Entire print pages are created on a
PC with the aid of word and image processing programs
and are then output on a printer or imagesetter or trans-
mitted directly to the printing press. To be equated with
digital reproduction technology today.
Duotone
Printing of images where two colors (e.g., with the inks
black and gray) are printed from one original where differ-
ing screen angles, tone values, and tonal gradations are se-
lected. Due to the better tonal gradation, a duotone print
creates a better three-dimensional effect than a single-color
print and is near to photographic quality.
Duplex Printing
Term for printing on both sides (face and back/front and
reverse side printing) mostly used in connection with NIP
processes (see also perfector).
Electronic Publishing (EP)
The creation of printed products on the basis of a digital de-
scription of the contents using digital printers/printing press-
es (see DTP).
Emulsion
Mixture of ink and dampening solution where the damp-
ening solution is normally dispersed in small, equally dis-
tributed droplets in the ink (emulsified).
1118 14 Appendix
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)
File format. An EPS file consists of a main file with a pre-
view image in low resolution plus individual files contain-
ing the fine data (high resolution).
Ethernet
The most common type of network that is principally used
to network all kinds of computers within a building as a so-
called LAN (local area network). Thin coaxial or twisted
pair cables are used for data transmission. The maximum
cable length is 185 m (around 610 ft) with coaxial cables or
100 m (around 330 ft) with twisted pair cables. The data
transmission rate is 10 Mbits/second. Fastethernet has
transmission rates of 100 Mbits/second with twisted pair
cables and 1 Gbit/second with fiber-optic cables.
Facsimile
Perfect copy/reproduction of the original (ink, screening,
paper, etc.)
Fan-Out Effect
Widening of the paper web in a web-fed press, normally
caused by dampening but also by printing pressure. It can
theoretically occur in sheet-fed printing, too.
Film
• Negative film: the image areas without coloring are
blackened
• Positive film: the areas carrying color image informa-
tion (i. e., which are not white) are blackened. This
means the film resembles a black-and-white image of
the original.
Film Copy
Transparency (with positive or negative image) for
platemaking. Each original contains all the information of a
sheet to be printed for one color.
Fine Data
High-definition data that is needed for printing to ensure
optimal print quality, particularly important with image
data (see low-resolution data).
Full-Sheet Output
Output of the data file for the description of a complete
printed sheet (one or more imposed printed pages) that can
be used either for film exposure or directly for platemaking
(computer to plate) without the need for further editing or
producing of a complete film. See also imposition.
Fuser/Fixing Device
Subassembly in non-impact printing systems that serves to
fuse powder toner and fix it on the paper. Fusers (fixing de-
vices) normally consist of heated rollers that have an ink-
repelling covering and are in contact with the substrate.
Non-contact fusers with IR radiation are also common.
Ghosting
A repetitive, unwanted shadow-like manifestation in the di-
rection of print of a previous image element. The ghost im-
age manifests itself by over- or under-inking in comparison
to its immediate surrounding area. Ghosting is influenced
by the ink distribution in the inking unit, particularly on
the ink form rollers. If, due to ink resplitting of the image
on the printing plate, the ink profile is not reduced suffi-
ciently (i.e., evened out) prior to the next inking process
(next revolution of the roller), a partial transfer of the al-
ready printed image section into another image area will
occur on the printed sheet.
Gloss
Perception based on the physical, optical property of a sur-
face to reflect projected light more or less specularly.
Gradation (Gamma Value, Contrast)
Measurement of the ability of a light-sensitive layer of a
film to reproduce density gradations. The division into gra-
dations is made from soft to ultra-steep. An ultra-steep film
material can only reproduce a very high density or the clear
film. A soft film material, on the other hand, can reproduce
many intermediate stages.
Gravure
Process for the manufacture of gravure printing
masters/cylinders where e.g., an electromechanically con-
trolled stylus cuts recesses (cells) into the copper layer of
the gravure cylinder. The size and depth of the cells are var-
ied in accordance with the image. The engraved cells are
filled with ink in the printing process and the ink is then
transferred to the substrate.
Gravure Impression Roller (Presseur)
Gravure impression cylinder used for gravure printing,
consisting of a steel core covered with an elastomer coating.
It presses the substrate against the plate. An electrostatic
charge on the impression roller fosters the transfer of the
ink out of the cells on the gravure cylinder and onto the
substrate.
Guilloches
Complex geometrical, interwoven, fine, continuous line
patterns on security papers and documents that make them
more difficult to counterfeit.
Halftone Dot
Picture element of a screen, for instance, circular, elliptical,
diamond or square-shaped. Below the middletone, the
halftone dots are isolated in the image areas. Above approx-
imately 50% area coverage the dots connect with each oth-
er.
Highlights
The bright tones of a positive image and the corresponding
areas of the negative (film).
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Hybrid Technology/Process
The linking of various, normally separate technologies
within one functioning unit, for example, the combination
of analog and digital technology or, in the case of print me-
dia production, the combination of various print technolo-
gies in a single production system (e.g., offset and flexo-
graphic printing or offset and NIP technology).
Hydrophilic
Water-receptive. In offset printing the non-image areas on
the printing plate that are repellent to ink (oleophobic).
Hydrophobic
Water-repellent. In offset printing the image areas on the
printing plate that are receptive to ink (oleophilic).
Illuminant
Expression used for light with a precisely defined relative
spectral distribution, such as color temperature T=5000 K
as the D50 illuminant, or T=6500 K as D65 (average day-
light). Ascertaining the illuminant is important for the
matching of color prints.
Illustration Printing
Printing of magazines that appear regularly (as periodi-
cals).
Image Carrier
Appliance whose surface is prepared in such a way that the
selected areas transfer ink to the substrate (directly or indi-
rectly via an intermediate carrier).
Imposition
Arranging the individual pages on a print sheet, taking the
folding layout and finishing into account. (The arrange-
ment of text, graphics and images within one page is called
page layout/make-up.)
In-Line
Carrying out processing steps with a hardware and soft-
ware connection (linking) of the units to the printing
press. Devices for coating, folding or stitching can be
linked to the press. (In-line quality control means that the
measuring device is integrated in the press and the quality
is measured and checked within the production stage).
Ink
Substance (liquid, pasty, solid or pulverized) which gener-
ates visually perceivable information on the substrate. (Spe-
cific for each printing process.)
Ink Fading
Term used in offset printing for the variation in the ink
density (uneven ink film) in the direction of print (as a
consequence of inking unit design and content of the print-
ing sheet).
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14.1 Explanation of Specific Terms 1119
Interface
Connection between subassemblies, for example, individual
electronic components or programs.
Job Ticket
Term used for a digital ”job docket” containing information
on the operations in prepress, printing and in finishing. It
specifies the print job and the means of production and
contains technical, organizational, scheduling, and admin-
istrative information.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
Data format and compression algorithm for color images.
Often used in digital cameras (photography). Offers advan-
tages for Internet applications due to the relatively small
amounts of data involved.
Justifying
Altering the space between individual letters or words in
order to make the line fit a length specified in the layout.
Latent Image
An image that is present but not visible (hidden) on the ex-
posed, still undeveloped film of a printing plate or on the
photoconductor in electrophotography.
Letterset
A printing process using a metal relief plate from which the
image is transferred to the substrate via a blanket cylinder.
Long Grain
Term used for a print sheet that has been cut from the pa-
per web in such a way that the grain of the paper runs
along the long side of the sheet (direction in which the
paper web runs during production. See also short grain).
Low-Resolution Data (Low-Res)
Data for displaying low-resolution images and text, used
solely for design and layout purposes. The advantage of this
rough data is that relatively small amounts of data, which
can be processed quickly, are involved. This is especially
useful with image data (e.g., original data/fine data (high-
res) for an A4 color image is around 40 Mbytes and with
low-res data around 2.5 Mbytes).
Matrix (die)
A type of mold used in letterpress and flexographic
platemaking. Depending on the type of cast (stereo), vari-
ous materials are used for the matrix, such as cardboard,
plastic, lead, wax, and so on.
Misting (Flying)
Side effect of ink film splitting within an inking unit, in
particular on rapidly-rotating inking rollers. Here, extreme-
ly small droplets (diameter of 10 to 50 µm) of ink are re-
leased from the ink layers on the exiting nip. They form an
aerosol with the ambient air, can lead to printing defects,
1120 14 Appendix
and contribute to soiling of the press. Misting is very much
dependent on the rheology, in particular the tackiness, of
the ink, as well as on the velocity of the ink-carrying surface
and the geometry of the rollers. (See also spraying for com-
parison.)
Modem
Interface (normally serial) between a telephone network
and computer. A modem is both transmitter (output of
computer data to the net) and receiver (of data sent). The
term modem originates from broadcast engineering and is
created from the terms MOdulator and DEModulator.
Moiré
Undesired pattern (interference) in halftone (normally
multicolor) images, which is normally caused by incorrect
screen angles, register errors, or special patterns in the orig-
inal in connection with the screen angle.
Mottling
1. Scanning: surface effect in the entire image. Often caused
by focusing too strongly. This means that the individual
pixels or even the grain of the film become visible.
2. Printing: spotty, mottled appearance of prints due to dif-
fering ink absorption into the paper. Particularly notice-
able in multicolor prints.
Multiple-Ups
In printing technology the number of identical copies on
the same sheet. In reproduction technology (step-and-re-
peat copying) the aligning of identical motifs at certain dis-
tances apart in one or two directions by photograph shots
or copying.
NIP (Non-Impact Printing)
Printing processes that require no permanent printing mas-
ter and are therefore able to generate a different image with
every print. The most important NIP processes are elec-
trophotography and ink jet.
OCR (Optical Character Recognition)
Computer-aided system for optical character recognition.
The text recognized can then be used in a text processing
program (similar: MCR/magnetic character recognition,
where automatic reading takes place via magnetic sensors
when printing with magnetic ink).
Off-Line
Individual modules (devices/machines) of a system are not
directly linked to one another (are not mechanically
and/or electrically linked), but a data link is quite possible.
For the creation of printed products, i. e. individual finish-
ing operations like folding or trimming printed sheets are
performed separately from the printing process outside the
press and independent of its momentary application.
Oleophilic
Surface property based on interfacial effects; oil-receptive,
ink-accepting/receptive.
Oleophobic
Surface property based on interfacial effects; oil-repellent,
ink-repellent.
On-Press Proof
Sample print on a printing system in a small run length
that shows the result of the reproduction process, whereby
the technology of the proofing system corresponds to the
printing process used for the print run/job.
Opacity/Opaque
• In general: the ability of a material to absorb light. The
measurement for opacity is the reciprocal of the degree
of transmission (transparency)
• Measurement of imperviousness to light by paper and
other materials. Significant when printing on both sides
of paper. A high opacity of paper is achieved both by the
addition of fillers such as kaolin, talcum, or titanium
dioxide as well as by using a greater proportion of wood.
This means that the print image of the front side does
not show through to the reverse side.
• Offset inks are generally not opaque. They are translucent.
OPI (Open Press Interface)
A server-aided interface that enables a low-resolution ver-
sion of the image to be produced when displaying
PostScript files for layout purposes. These previews are used
for further processing of the layouts and image assembly.
The previews are then automatically replaced during imag-
ing (film, plate) by high-resolution images.
PDF (Portable Document Format)
Part of the Adobe Acrobat data format that enables a plat-
form and program-independent exchange of documents.
Perfecting (Face and Back Printing)
Printing both the front side (face) and reverse side (back)
of a sheet in single pass on a printing press (see also Duplex
printing).
Perfector
Printing press with a sheet turning device enabling both the
front and reverse side of the substrate to be printed in one
pass (in particular machines based on the NIP technology
are referred to as duplex printers).
Personalizing (Individualizing)
A printed product whose content has been totally or par-
tially generated for one specific customer. In its simplest
form this can be just the address (text portion personal-
ized), but it extends to brochures that are compiled to
represent the special interests of the recipient, such as
guidebooks with routes, accommodation, and time scales
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specific to an individual. Parts of the content remain
constant and identical to other editions and other parts
are adapted, altered, or added to meet specific require-
ments.
Photopolymer
Plastic that is cross-linked (hardens) under the influence of
light.
Piling
Undesired build-up of printing ink on ink transfer surfaces
of the printing unit, for instance, on the blanket in multi-
color wet-on-wet printing.
Pixel
Created by breaking down an image into discreet picture el-
ements. The pixel is the smallest picture element that can
be processed (addressed) by an electronic system (e.g.,
monitor, printer, imagesetter, scanner, digital camera). The
term is derived from picture element.
Pixel Format
Format for saving image data where each pixel is described by
corresponding data. The most common pixel format is TIFF
(Tagged Image File Format). The pixel format is suitable for
images, although a large amount of memory may be re-
quired, particularly with high image quality (high resolution).
PostScript
Device-neutral page description and programming lan-
guage developed by Adobe Systems for texts, graphics, and
continuous tone images. Also format for text and image in-
formation.
Preflight Check
Inspection of a file for the description and definition of a
print job, for instance, for the production of films or plates,
to ensure that all the image and text information
(e.g., status, correct fonts, imposition, acceptance when
transmitted to various production units, etc.) is present and
complete.
Primer
Colorless varnish with low viscosity used as a base coat on
the substrate (to improve wetting and bonding). Primer is
applied prior to the actual varnish to enhance the gloss,
particularly in connection with UV varnishes or prior to
the application of glue for improved adhesion.
Print Characteristic Curve
The diagrammatic representation of the relationship be-
tween the tone values of the prepress products, for instance,
halftone data (tone values) of the film or the printing plate
(normally this applies to the tone values of films), and the
corresponding tone values in the print. (The phenomenon
– increasing tone value in the print compared with the
tone value in the film – called dot gain is derived from this.)
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14.1 Explanation of Specific Terms 1121
Print on Demand (PoD)
A print product is not printed for the total run length in
one run and then stored, but is printed as required or at
least in part runs. The extreme scenario is when single
copies are printed upon the customer’s request.
Printing Pressure (Contact Pressure)
Physical pressure that is generated in the nip to enable the
ink transfer from the printing plate to the substrate or from
the printing plate to the blanket and then from the blanket
to the substrate.
Process Colors (for four-color printing)
Yellow, cyan, magenta, and black (see C, M, Y, K).
Proof (Proofing)
Process used for quality control in prepress and printing re-
garding color reproduction, register, text and image layout,
or as a specimen for the production run. Proofs are differ-
entiated into analog and digital according to the type of
original. Analog proofs are produced photomechanically
from films that have been exposed, for instance, using color
foils. Digital proofs are produced using a NIP technology-
based color printer (normally based on ink jet or thermal
sublimation processes) from the digital data file. The ex-
pected print result on a production press should be repro-
duced as accurately as possible. This is supported/ achieved
by using color management systems (see on-press proof).
Register
1. Positional accuracy of the print images on the front and
reverse side of a print sheet in relation to one another. In
perfecting the term perfecting register is also used.
2. In multicolor printing the position of the color separa-
tions relative to one another (color register).
3. Term used for the positional accuracy of the color sepa-
rations on the printed product with reference to the out-
er edges of the sheet or web section. Circumferential reg-
ister is used for the direction in which the substrate runs,
for example the plate cylinder revolves; lateral register is
at right angles to it.
Rendering
• Another expression for screening (see screen)
• The term continues to be widely used for the conversion
of three-dimensional scenes into two-dimensional im-
ages. Here, rendering refers to the process of illustrating a
three-dimensional scene (with bodies and their illumina-
tion) in a two-dimensional view (e.g., monitor display)
with light and shadows. Rendering is also required with
animated images and virtual reality representations
where each individual image is rendered.
Reproduction Technology
• Analog: technology using predominantly photome-
chanical, chemical, and physical means for image pro-
cessing.
1122 14 Appendix
• Digital: technology where electronic means such as scan-
ners, computers (including software), imaging devices,
and so forth, are used for image capturing and image
processing.
Resolution/Addressability
Number of image elements (dots, pixels) per unit length
that can be reproduced on a monitor, film, an image carrier
(printing plate, etc.) or on paper. Normally expressed in
units (dots) per cm (dpcm) or inch (dpi). High resolution
means good rendering of detail.
Resolution Capability
Defined in photography by the number of separate lines
per millimeter that can be reproduced with a tone value of
50% (dark and light lines with the same width).
Rheology
Study of the flow and deformation behavior of liquid as
well as solid or gaseous substances. One rheological param-
eter for the description of fluids is viscosity.
RIP (Raster Image Processor)
The information of a page (digital structure in image, text,
and graphic elements, and positional commands) arriving
in the RIP is converted into a bitmap file. The significant
processes here are the screening and generation of data for
addressing the output device.
Run Length
Number of copies to be printed in a print job.
Scanning
An original is analyzed and captured line by line to convert
the analog image information from an original into digital
data. This can be further processed in the computer. The
term scanning is also used for the transfer of information
(e.g., by light or by ink) to a carrier substrate via a moving
imaging system.
Screen
Area broken down into printing and non-printing picture
elements (halftone dots or lines) where the size and/or
number of dots per area varies according to the tone values
of the original. The two main kinds of screening are ampli-
tude-modulated and frequency-modulated screening.
Screening a continuous-tone original to generate a halftone
image is today predominantly an electronic process.
Screen Frequency (Screen Definition, Screen Ruling)
Number of print picture elements such as halftone dots and
screen lines per unit length in the direction that yields the
greatest value. Measured in cm-1 or lines per inch (lpi).
Therefore, in a 60 lines/cm (150 lpi) screen (typical value in
offset printing), 60 halftone/screen cells formed by screen
lines lie within a length of 1cm.
Scumming
In offset and NIP printing processes, the inking/printing of
areas outside the print image that do not correspond to the
print image. This can be caused by surfaces of the image
carrier accepting ink in the wrong areas or by the blanket
(indirect printing) having a defective surface and transfer-
ring ink to the wrong areas.
Server
Computers that offer certain services in a network as a
component of a client/server system. In the area of prepress
powerful computers are employed as data servers to store
comprehensive amounts of text and high resolution image
data centrally.
Sharpness
Reproduction quality of contrast gradients, particularly
lines and contours of a picture or line art original. Normal-
ly given as definition or detail rendering (reproduction).
The output resolution of reproduction or printing devices
serves as a reference.
Shore Hardness
Measurement of the hardness of materials such as elas-
tomers (roller sleeves made of rubber, flexographic printing
plates, etc.) defined in accordance with ISO 868. The greater
the value of shore hardness (in degrees), the greater the
hardness of the material. Depending on the hardness of the
material, various conditions are applied for testing. Shore A,
for example, is used for soft rubber and Shore D for hard
plastic.
Short Grain
Term used for a print sheet that has been cut from the pa-
per web in such a way that the grain of the paper runs
along the short side of the sheet (travel direction of the web
during papermaking). This holds true for other materials,
such as plate material for printing plates (see also the oppo-
site, i.e., long grain).
Signature
1. Used to mark the first and last page of the folded sheet
(e.g., 17 and 32 for the second folded sheet in 16-page for-
mat) to support the correct location and sequence dur-
ing finishing to produce book blocks (several folded
sheets collated and bound). The signature is normally re-
moved when trimming the block.
2. Term commonly used for a print sheet which when fold-
ed and cut forms a group of pages. In web printing term
meaning a web section printed in accordance with the
print format.
Sleeve
Printing master or blanket sleeve. Sleeves allow the cylin-
ders to roll smoothly against one another since they elimi-
nate the cylinder gaps which are normally present on the
circumference of the cylinder. Sleeves enable continuous
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printing and reduce trim waste since image-free areas can
be avoided.
Slurring
Slurring is a printing defect that occurs in offset printing. It
manifests itself as changes in the geometry of the halftone
dots. Round elements may be deformed and become oval.
Slurring in the direction of print is classed as circumferen-
tial slurring and slurring at right angles to this as lateral
slurring. This effect is related to the rolling behavior be-
tween plate, blanket, and impression cylinders and to influ-
ences of the materials.
Spectrophotometer
Term for a measurement device used to determine color
values, such as chromatic value, (h*: hue) brightness (L*),
and saturation (C*:chroma), with which color can be clear-
ly classified quantitatively in accordance with the color per-
ception of the human eye (in contrast to densitometers,
which can only determine ink film thickness via the optical
density).
Spot Color
Special colors. Used in addition to or instead of process col-
ors (C, M, Y, K) to enable the printing of special hues with-
out mixing the primary colors. Often also the only chro-
matic ink used in black-and-white printing.
Spraying
When large ink particles (diameter roughly greater than
80 µm) are thrown off the rollers in the inking unit or the
printing plate, particularly with presses that run at high
speeds (see also misting for comparison).
Spreads and Chokes (trapping/choking)
In reproduction technology the term spreading is used to
describe the overlapping of two bordering inked areas. The
areas are placed close to one another so that register errors
do not become visible in the form of undesired white areas.
This is also called trapping. Choking can then become nec-
essary if negative structures (e.g., text) are printed in a
multicolor area.
Substrate
The material on which the image is printed.
Suspension
Liquid in which the extremely fine solid particles are “sus-
pended” (solid component in a liquid carrier component,
not solved).
Tabloid Format
Half-size format in newspaper printing (half the web
width) compared to the broadsheet format (full web
width). The paper web is split on the former and the par-
tial webs are laid above one another, after that a
parallel fold (also called tabloid fold) is performed.
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14.1 Explanation of Specific Terms 1123
One way of recognizing a tabloid-format newspaper is
that the punctures of the needles are at the sides
(with the broadsheet format the punctures are at the bot-
tom). Newspapers in the broadsheet format are folded
lengthwise in the former and crosswise in the folding
cylinder.
Tack
A property of printing inks that describes the cohesion that
exists between particles of the ink film, the force required to
split an ink film or, in other words, its stickiness.
TIFF (Tagged/or Tag Image File Format)
The most common pixel format; it is supported by virtually
all systems. Among other things, this format is suitable for
the data exchange of color images and gray values as well as
various levels of resolution and sizes.
Tone Value
Unit of measure of the optical impression of a screened
area, stated as a percentage, where the unprinted surface
represents a tone value of 0% and the solid tone surface a
value of 100%. When screening, the tone value represents
the ratio (in percent) of the halftone dots to the entire
area.
Transmission Copy
Original copy (film) for platemaking on a transparent
substrate whose image information is either transferred to
the printing plate in direct contact or through optical pro-
jection.
Transparency
The property of a material to allow radiation (e.g., light) to
pass through.
Transparent Ink
Translucent ink layer, the opposite of opaque ink. Printing
inks are predominantly transparent inks. The translucent,
color filter effect is a prerequisite for subtractive color mix-
ing.
Trapping
1. Ink-trapping characteristics with multicolor overprint-
ing.
2. Spreads or chokes in reproduction technology when gen-
erating the image (see spreads).
Types of Sheet
• Print sheet: printed sheet, as it comes out of the printing
press.
• Bookbinding sheet: sheet trimmed after the printing
process, input sheet for the folder.
• Folded sheet: folded bookbinding sheet, product of the
folder.
1124 14 Appendix
Vector Format
Digital data format with which line images (line art, text)
are not saved in the form of individual picture elements
(pixels), but rather in the form of line elements, defined by
the starting and end point (“vectors”) and line width. Ad-
vantages compared to the pixel format are usually scalabili-
ty without any loss of image definition and the fact that sig-
nificantly less memory is required.
Version (customizing/targeting)
The entire print run of a printed product is divided into
partial runs (versions), for example, by changing the con-
tent or language of text portions of otherwise identical con-
tent, such as addresses of an organization or a company
group with various regional sites or various language ver-
sions (such as the same text in partial run 1 and English text
in partial run 2). It is then not individual persons that are
addressed directly (as in personalizing), but rather groups
of customers or target groups.
Viscosity
The viscosity describes the property of a substance to flow
and be deformed irreversibly under the influence of me-
chanical stress. The dynamic viscosity (h) is generally given
to classify the rheological property of fluids, such as ink.
• Dynamic viscosity (h), measured in Pa · s, is the quotient
of the pressure in the layer surface and the velocity gradi-
ent.
• Kinematic viscosity (n), measured in m2/s, is the quotient
of the dynamic viscosity and density of the substance.
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds)
International term for volatile organic (containing carbon)
compounds with the exceptions of methane, carbon
monoxide, and carbon dioxide. In offset printing, IPA
dampening solution alcohol and solvents used for cleaning
are by far the most important VOCs used in terms of quan-
tity. In gravure printing, methylbenzene (toluene) is the
most common one.
Wet-on-Wet Printing
Printing in multicolor presses. The printing of the second
or another ink takes place on the previous ink, which has
not yet dried.
Workflow
Description, organization, and monitoring of operations;
process steps for the production of goods. The working ar-
eas/process stages (sections) of premedia, prepress, press,
postpress, roughly speaking describe the stages of produc-
tion from the idea right through to the finished print prod-
uct. The workflow can be networked to varying extents.
With a digital workflow, documents are transmitted from
one stage of operations to the next with the aid of a com-
puter system/network.
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 14.1 Explanation of Specific Terms 1125

14.1.2 Abbreviations and their Meaning (Selection)

Abbreviation Meaning CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon

CMP Cross-Media Publishing
ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line CMS Color Management System
AFM Atomic Force Microscope CMYK Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key color (Black)
AGV Automated Guided Vehicle cpm (1) Copies per Minute,
AGVS Automated Guided Vehicle System (2) Characters per Minute
AM Amplitude Modulation CPSI Configurable PostScript Interpreter
ANSI American National Standards Institute CPU Central Processing Unit
AOM Acousto-Optic Modulator CRD Color Rendering Dictionary
API Application Programming Interface CRT Cathode Ray Tube
APS Advanced Photo System CtF Computer to Film
AR Augmented Reality CtP Computer to Plate
ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
ASCII American Standard Code for Informa-
tion Interchange D2T2 Dye Diffusion Thermal Transfer
ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuit DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects
ASTM American Society for Testing Agency
and Materials DAT Digital Audio Tape
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode DCS Desktop Color Separation
DDAP Digital Distribution of Advertising for
BIOS Basic Input/Output System Publications
Bit Binary Digit DDCP Direct Digital Color Proofing
bps Bits per Second DDES Digital Data Exchange Standards
BSI British Standards Institute DDL Document Description Language
DEF Device Exchange Format
CAD Computer-Aided Design, Computer- DI Direct Imaging
Assisted Design DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung
CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing, (German Institute for Standardization)
Computer-Assisted Manufacturing DMD Digital Micromirror Device
CAP Computer-Aided Publishing, DoD Drop on Demand
Computer-Assisted Publishing DoE Design of Experiments
CAPI Common (ISDN) Application dpi Dots per Inch
Programming Interface DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
CBT Computer-Based Training DRUPA International Fair Printing and Paper
CCD Charge-Coupled Device (Internationale Messe Druck und
CD Compact Disc Papier/Print Media Messe; Düsseldorf)
CD-DA Compact Disc Digital Audio DSL Digital Subscriber Line
CD-R Compact Disc Recordable DSP Digital Signal Processor
CD-ROM Compact Disc Read-Only Memory DTP/DTR Desktop Publishing/Desktop
CD-RW Compact Disc Rewritable Reproduction
CEN Comité Européen de Normalisation DVD (-ROM) Digital Versatile Disc (Read-Only
CEPS Color Electronic Prepress System Memory)
CGM Computer Graphics Metafile
CIE Commission Internationale d’Eclairage EBC Electron Beam Curing
CIM Computer-Integrated Manufacturing EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal
CIP3 Cooperation for the Integration of Interchange Code
Prepress, Press and Postpress EC (1) European Community
CIP4 International Cooperation for the (2) European Commission
Integration of Processes in Prepress, EDP Electronic Data Processing
Press and Postpress EN European Standard (Norm)
CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer EPS (1) Encapsulated PostScript,
CLUT Color Look-Up Table (2) Electronic Publishing System
CMM (1) Color Matching Method, (2) Color EPSF Encapsulated PostScript File
Management Module ETS European Telecommunication Standard

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1126 14 Appendix

ETSI European Telecommunications IFRA International Association for

Standards Institute Newspaper and Media Technology
EU European Union (formerly known as (INCA-FIEJ Research Association)
the European Community) IGAS International Graphic Arts Show
(Tokyo, JP)
FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface IMF Ifra Message Format
FEM Finite Element Method IP (1) Internet Protocol
FGD Forschungsgesellschaft Druck- (2) Intellectual Property
maschinen e.V. IPA Isopropyl Alcohol
(German Printing Machines Research IPEX International Print Exhibition
Association) (Birmingham, UK)
FIFO First In First Out IPX Internet Packet Exchange
FIPP Fédération Internationale de la Presse IRC Internet Relay Chat
Périodique ISBN International Standard Book Number
FM Frequency Modulation ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
FOGRA Forschungsgesellschaft Druck e.V. ISO International Organization for
(Graphic Technology Research Standardization
Association) IT Information Technology
FPD Flat-Panel Display IT8 Standards Standards by Information Technology
FKM Forschungskuratorium Committee 8
Maschinenbau e.V.
(Cooperate Research Organization for JDF Job Definition Format
German Mechanical Engineering JES Job Entry Subsystem
Industry) JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
FTP File Transfer Protocol JTP Job Ticket Processor
FVA Forschungsvereinigung Antriebs- LAN Local Area Network
technik e.V. Laser Light Amplification by Stimulated
(German Research Association for Emission of Radiation
Power Transmission Engineering) LCD Liquid Crystal Display
LED Light-Emitting Diode
GB Gigabyte LEP Light-Emitting Polymer
GCR Gray Component Replacement lpi Lines per Inch
GIF Graphics Interchange Format LUT Look-Up Table
GMR Giant Magnetoresistance LW Line Work
GPRS General Packet Radio Service LWC Leight Weight Coated (paper)
GPS Global Positioning System LZW Lempel-Ziv-Welch (image data
GS Geprüfte Sicherheit (Certification compression)
for Safety)
GSM Global System for Mobile Mac Apple Macintosh Computer
Communications MB Megabyte
GUI Graphical User Interface MBE Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Mbps Megabits per Second
HDTV High Definition Television MCR Magnetical Character Recognition
HKS Hostmann-Steinberg, K+E, Schmincke MEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical System
HTML Hypertext Markup Language MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol MMP Mixed Media Publishing
MOD Magneto-Optical Disc
IARIGAI International Association of Research MODEM Modulator/Demodulator (device)
Organisations for the Printing, Infor- MOEM Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical
mation and Communication Industries (device/system)
ICC International Color Consortium MOPY Multiple Original Print Copy
IEC International Electrotechnical MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-
Commission Effect Transistor
IFEN Intercompany File Exchange Network MP 3 MPEG Audio Layer 3
IFF Image Interchange Facility MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
MVS Multiple Virtual Storage

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 14.1 Explanation of Specific Terms 1127

NCP Network Control Program SCSI Small Computer System Interface

NPS Network Picture System SDML Standard Music Description Language
NIP Non-Impact Printing SEM Scanning Electron Microscope
NSF National Science Foundation SGML Standard Generalized Markup
Language
OCR Optical Character Recognition SI International System of Units
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer (Système Internationale)
OLED Organic Light-Emitting Diode SIP Special Interest Product
OPA Open Publishing Architecture SMD Surface-Mounted Device
OPC Organic Photoconductor SMS Short Message Service
OPI Open Prepress Interface SNAP Specifications for Non-Heatset
OS (1) Operating System, Advertising Printing
(2) Optical Storage SPOOL Simultaneous Peripheral Operations on
OSI Open System Interconnections Line
STM Scanning Tunneling Microscope
PAL Phase Alternation Line SVGA Super Video Graphics Array
PC Personal Computer SWOP Specifications for Web Offset
PC-Card see PCMCIA Publications
PCI Peripheral Computer Interconnect
PCL Printer Control Language TAGA Technical Association of the Graphic
PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card Arts
International Association TCO Total Cost of Ownership
PDA Personal Digital Assistant TCP/IP Transmission Control Program/Internet
PDES Product Data Exchange Standard Protocol
PDF Portable Document Format TFT Thin Film Transistor
PDF/X Portable Document Format/ TIFF Tagged (Tag) Image File Format
blind Exchange TIFF/IT Tagged (Tag) Image File Format/Image
PIM Page Imaging Model Technology
Pixel Picture Element TQM Total Quality Management
PJTF Portable Job Ticket Format TV Television
PMT Photomultiplier Tube
PoD Printing on Demand UCA Under Color Addition
PPD PostScript Printer Description UCR Under Color Removal
PPF Print Production Format UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications
ppi Pixels per Inch System
PPM Parts per Million URL Uniform Resource Locator
ppm Pages per Minute USB Universal Serial Bus
PPML Personalized Printing Markup Language
PMA Print Media Academy VCSEL Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser
PS PostScript VDE Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik
PVD Physical Vapor Deposition Informationstechnik e.V.
(Association for Electrical, Electronic &
RAL RAL Deutsches Institut für Information Technologies)
Gütesicherung und Kennzeichnung e.V. VDT Variable Dot Thermal Transfer
(Reichsausschuß für Lieferbedingungen) VGA (1) Video Graphics Array,
RAM Random Access Memory (2) Video Graphics Adapter
RFIDT Radio Frequency Identity Tag VHS Video Home System
RGB Red, Green, Blue VOC Volatile Organic Compounds
RIP Raster Image Processor VR Virtual Reality
RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
RIT Rochester Institute of Technology WAN Wide Area Network
ROI Return on Investment WAP Wireless Application Protocol
ROM Read-Only Memory WWW World Wide Web
ROS Raster Output Scanner WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get
RTF Rich Text Format
XML Extensible Markup Language

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1128 14 Appendix

14.1.3 Abbreviations for Source References Information

The source references information in figures and tables includes the names of the equipment illustrated and the
manufacturer in accordance with the actual illustration. Names of organizations and public institutions are al-
so given, as are references to literature and other sources of information.
The source data in the brackets typically following the text that describes the illustration is set out as follows:

• (product name, source), e.g.: (Speedmaster CD 102-6, Heidelberg);

• (product, source 1/source 2), e.g.: (Trendsetter 3244, Heidelberg/Creo);
• (product 1/ product 2, source 1/source 2), e.g.: (QM DI 46-4/DP9500, Heidelberg/Kodak).

Due to the amount of space required and in the interests of consistency, the shortened forms of the product,
company, and organization names are usually given.
In the majority of cases the full name of the company or organization can easily be determined from the short-
ened form since the shortened form usually also forms part of the company name. Additional information on
organizations can also be found in the lists in sections 14.5 and 14.6.
Around two hundred different companies are referred to directly in the source reference information. A small
selection of shortened forms and full names is listed below.
This selection covers companies referred to relatively frequently, company names that are more difficult to de-
termine from the shortened form, companies that may be less familiar and any possible ambiguities. This list by
no means represents a comprehensive or complete classification of the sources and implies no ranking.
Names are given in the alphabetical order of the shortened form. Address details have not been included (with
a few exceptions).

Shortened Form Full Name

ADAST Adast Blansko AS KBA Koenig & Bauer AG

(Blansko, Czech Republic) Kodak Eastman Kodak Company
AGFA Agfa-Gevaert N.V. KPG Kodak Polychrome Graphics
Barco Barco Graphics NV MAN Roland MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
(Gent, Belgium) Matan Matan Digital Printing, Ltd.
BASF BASF Drucksysteme GmbH (Petach-Tikva, Israel)
Creo Creo Products, Inc. MIT Massachussetts Institute of Technology

Datametrics Datametrics Systems Corporation Océ Océ Printing Systems GmbH

(Chatsworth (CA), USA) (Poing, Germany)
Domino Domino Amjet, Inc. Océ-Netherlands B.V.
(Venlo, Netherlands)
Elcorsy Elcorsy Technology, Inc.
(Montreal, Canada) PGI Polaroid Graphics Imaging
Presstek Presstek, Inc.
G&D Giesecke & Devrient GmbH
(Hudson (NH), USA)
GOSS Goss Graphic Systems, Inc.
Gretag Gretag-Macbeth AG
Scitex/KBA Karat Digital Press GmbH
Heidelberg Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
Hirose Hirose Electric Co., Ltd. Screen Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd.
(Tokyo, Japan) Spectra Spectra, Inc. (Hanover (NH), USA)

HP Hewlett-Packard Company W&H Windmöller & Hölscher KG

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 14.1 Explanation of Specific Terms 1129

Further Reading for 14.1.1 Romano, R.M.; Romano, F.J.: The GATF Encyclopedia of
Bruno, M.H.: Pocket PAL, A Graphic Arts Production Graphic Communications Yearbook. Yearbook 2000.
Handbook. 7th ed. International Paper, GATF Press, Sewickley (PA) 2000.
Memphis (TN) 1997. Teschner, H.: Fachwörterbuch (Lexikon) Drucktechnik –
Cost, F.: Pocket Guide to Digital Printing. Delmar Wörterbuch der graphischen Industrie und des
Publishers, Albany (N.Y.) 1997. Verlagswesens. Ott Verlag, Thun 1988.
Groff, P. J.: GATF Glossary of Graphic Arts Terms. Teschner, H.: Fachwörterbuch für visuelle Kommunikation
3rd ed. GATF, Pittsburgh (PA) 1997. und Drucktechnik, nach Stichwörtern von A-Z geordnet.
Liebau, D.; Weschke, H.: Polygraph Fachlexikon der Ott Verlag, Thun 1995.
Druckindustrie und Kommunikationstechnik. Polygraph Walenski, W.: Wörterbuch Druck + Papier. Vittorio
Verlag, Frankfurt/Main 1997. Klostermann Verlag, Frankfurt/Main 1994.
Nitsche, M.: Polygraph Wörterbuch (Polygraph Xplor International: Glossary of Terms (for the Electronic
Dictionary) für die Druckindustrie und Document Systems Industry). Torrance (CA) 1996/97.
Kommunikationstechnik. 7. Auflage. Polygraph Verlag, Zöppig, J.: Lexikon Netzwerke und Kommunikation –
Frankfurt/Main 1997. Fachbegriffe und Abkürzungen. AWI Verlag, München
Romano, R.M.; Romano, F.J.: The GATF Encyclopedia of 1998.
Graphic Communications. GATF Press, Sewickley (PA)
1998.

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1130

14.2 Physical/Technical Quantities and Conversions

14.2.1 Quantities and Units in the SI-System (Selection)

(SI: Système International; International System of Units)
Quantity Abbreviation Unit Name
(usual)
Base quantities of the SI-system:
Length l m Meter
Mass m kg Kilogram
Time t s Second
Luminous intensity I cd Candela
Electric current I A Ampere
Amount of substance n mol Mol
Temperature T K Kelvin
Temperature in degrees Centigrade (°C) = Temperature in Kelvin –273.2

Mechanics:
Velocity v m/s Meters per second
Acceleration a m/s2
Force F N Newton
Torque M N·m
Work, energy W, A J=N·m Joule
Power P W = J/s Watt
Pressure p Pa = N/m2 Pascal
Stress s Pa = N/m2 Pascal
Strain e ‰ per mil
Young’s modulus E N/mm2
Density r kg/m3, kg/dm3
Coefficient of friction µ –
Number of revolutions n s–1 Revolutions per second
Frequency f Hz Hertz, cycles per seconds
Spring constant c N/m
Viscosity, dynamic h Pa · s Pascal · second
(1 Pa · s represents 10 Poise)
Viscosity, kinematic n m2/s (dyn. viscosity/density)

Optics:
Luminous flux f lm = cd · sr Lumen, Candela · Steradiant
Illuminance E lx = lm/m2 Lux
Luminous exposure H lx · s
Gradation g – Gamma

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 14.2 Physical/Technical Quantities and Conversions 1131

Quantity Abbreviation Unit Name

(usual)
Optics: (continued)
Wavelength l nm Nanometer
Reflectance factor b –
Transmittance t –
Absorptance a –
Focal length f mm
Refractive index n –

Electrotechnology:
Voltage U V Volt
Charge Q C Coulomb
Resistance R W Ohm
Electric field strength E V/m Volts per meter
Magnetic field strength H A/m Ampere per meter
Polarization P C/m2 Coulomb per square meter

Information technology:
Unit of information bit Bit (8 bit = 1 byte)
Transfer rate of Bd bit/s Bits per second (Baud)
communication channels

Printing technology:
Addressability (resolution) – dpi Dots per inch
Ink-splitting factor a –
Optical density D –
Halftone value j –
Area coverage value (halftone value) F %
Resolution R L/cm, cm-1, dpi Lines per centimeter, dots per inch
Spatial frequency fs cm-1, lpi lines per centimeter
Screen frequency (Screen ruling) fs, L cm-1, lpi Lines per centimeter, lines per inch
Contrast K – rel. contrast in printing
Lightness L –
Hue h ° Hue angle
Chroma C –
Color location (CIE) Y, x, y –
Color location (CIELab) L*, a*, b* –
Color location (CIELCH) L*, C*, h* –, –, °
Color difference DE –
Color temperature T K Kelvin
Surface tension s N/m
Water hardness H °d German water hardness
pH value pH –
Grammage mA g/m2 Grams per square meter
Hardness (of elastomers) HS Shore (A or D) Shore A or Shore D
Web tension sB N/cm Force per length unit (of web
width)

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1132 14 Appendix

Exponents on the Basis of 10 Further Formats

(Prefixes of the SI-system)
• letter size 216 mm ¥ 280 mm, 8½" ¥ 11"
Factor Prefix Symbol
• legal size 216 mm ¥ 356 mm, 8½" ¥ 14"
1012 tera T • double letter 280 mm ¥ 432 mm, 11" ¥ 17"
109 giga G
106 mega M • executive 184 mm ¥ 267 mm, 7¼" ¥ 10½"
103 kilo k
102 hecto h
101 deca da Selection of Typical Newspaper Formats
100 – – (size of the page)
10–1 deci d
10–2 centi c • Berlin 315 (320) mm ¥ 470 mm
10–3 milli m • Rheinisch 350 mm ¥ 510 mm
10–6 micro µ
10–9 nano n • Nordic 400 mm ¥ 560 mm
10–12 pico p • American 320 up to 420 mm ¥ 578 mm
10–15 femto f (usual width 346 mm)
• Asian 440 mm ¥ 546 mm
Paper Sizes/Formats
A-Format. The basic sheet of the A series, size A0, has
an area of one square meter. –The proportion of the
sheet sides are 1 to 1.414 (1 to √ 2).
B-Format. B sheet dimensions are used when the chan-
ge in size between two A sheets is too great.
B sheet dimensions fall about halfway between A sheets.
The proportion of the sheet sides is also 1 to 1.414.
These paper sheet sizes are based on the ISO
Standardization (ISO 216). There are additional stan-
dards on the market which vary from country to
country. A5
A4
A-Format A6

Size Millimeters Inches (approx.) A2

A0 841¥1189 33⅛ ¥46¾

A1 594¥ 841 23⅜ ¥33⅛ A3
A2 420¥ 594 16½ ¥23⅜
A3 297¥ 420 11¾ ¥16½
1189 mm

A4 210¥ 297 8¼ ¥11¾ A0

A5 148¥ 210 5⅞ ¥ 8¼
A6 105¥ 148 4⅛ ¥ 5⅞
B-Format
Size Millimeters Inches (approx.)
A1
B0 1000¥1414 39⅜ ¥55⅝
B1 707¥1000 27⅞ ¥39⅜
B2 500¥ 707 19⅝ ¥27⅞
B3 353¥ 500 12⅞ ¥19⅝
B4 250¥ 353 9⅞ ¥12⅞
B5 176¥ 250 7 ¥ 9⅞
B6 125¥ 176 5¥ 7 841 mm

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 14.2 Physical/Technical Quantities and Conversions 1133

14.2.2 Conversion between the SI-System and the Imperial System (Metric/Imperial)

Quantity SI-System US-System Name US-System SI-System

(Imperial)

Length 1 mm 0.03937 in inch (") 1 in 25.4 mm

1m 3.28084 ft foot (') 1 ft 0.3048 m
(1 ft = 12 in)
1 km 0.62138 mile mile 1 mile 1.60934 km
1m 1.0936 yd yard 1 yd 0.9144 m
1 µm 0.0394 mil mil 1 mil 25.4 µm
(1 mil = 1/1000 in)

Area 1 cm2 0.15500 in2 square inch 1 in2 6.4516 cm2

1 m2 10.76391 ft2 square foot 1 ft2 0.09290 m2

Volume 1 cm3 0.06102 in3 cubic inch 1 in3 16.38706 cm3

1 m3 35.31467 ft3 cubic foot 1 ft3 0.02832 m3
1 dm3 0.21997 UK gal UK gallon 1 UK gal 4.5461 dm3
1 dm3 (=1 l) 0.26417 US gal US gallon 1 US gal 3.78541 dm3
1 US gal = 231 in3
1 dm3 61.0234 in3 cubic inch 1 in3 0.01639 dm3
1 dm3 1.7598 pint pint 1 pint 0.56826 dm3

Velocity 1 m/s 3.28084 fps feet per second 1 fps 0.3048 m/s
(distance/time) 1 m/min 3.28084 fpm feet per minute 1 fpm 0.3048 m/min
1 km/h 0.62138 mph miles per hour 1 mph 1.6093 km/h

Mass 1 kg 2.20462 lb pound 1 lb 0.45359 kg

1g 0.56439 dr dram 1 dr 1.7718 g
1g 0.03527 oz ounce 1 oz 28.3495 g

Force 1N 0.22481 lbf pound force 1 lbf 4.44822 N

Pressure 1 N/cm2 1.45038 lbf/in2 pound force per 1 lbf/in2 0.68948 N/cm2
square inch
1 N/cm2 0.02089 lbf/ft2 pound force 1 lbf/ft2 47.88025N/m2
per square foot
(1 daN/cm2 0.2089 lbf/ft2) (1 lbf/ft2 4.78803 daN/m3)
1 Pa 1.45038 ¥ 10–4 psi pound force per 1 psi 6894.757 Pa
square inch
(1 bar 14.50377 psi) (1 psi 0.06894 bar)

Power 1 kW 1.34102 hp horse power 1 hp 0.74570 kW

1 kJ/h 0.94781 BTU/h British Thermal 1 BTU/h 1.05505 kJ/h
Unit per hour

Density 1 kg/dm3 0.03613 lb/in3 pound per 1 lb/in3 27.6799 kg/dm3

(mass/volume) cubic inch

Grammage 1 kg/m2 0.2048 lb/ft2 pound per square foot 1 lb/ft2 4.882 kg/in2
(mass/area)

Conversion of Centigrade (°C) in Fahrenheit (°F) and vice versa:

°C = (°F – 32)/1.8
°F = 1.8 ¥ °C + 32

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1134

14.3 Bibliography

The bibliography in 14.3.1 is based on the structure of
this book and gives the page numbers where the listings
of the corresponding bibliographical references (quotes
in the text/references and/or further reading) start.
Section 14.3.2 contains a consolidated list of selected
further reading that deals with individual subjects in
more detail. This list includes selected references and
readings that were given in the chapters themselves and
extra bibliographic references dealing with a broad
field of subjects (giving an overview), as well as litera-
ture on specific topics. The list is sorted in alphabetical
order.

14.3.1 List of References to Readings on the 4.3 Computer to Plate/to Cylinder/to Screen . . 625
4.4 Computer to Press/Direct Imaging . . . . . . . 656
Chapters and Sections in this Hand- 4.5 Computer to Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
book
5 Printing Technologies without a Printing
Topic Page Plate (NIP Technologies)
5.1 Principles and Basic Components . . . . . . . 688
1 Fundamentals 5.2 Electrophotography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700
1.1 Communication Technologies . . . . . . . . . 13 5.3 Ionography
1.2 Production of Print Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5.4 Magnetography
1.3 Printing Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5.5 Ink Jet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730
1.4 Print Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 5.6 Thermography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741
1.5 Print Media Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 5.7 Electrography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745
1.6 Printing Presses and Printing Systems . . . . 165 5.8 Photography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748
1.7 Drying Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 5.9 “X”-Graphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
1.8 Products of Print Finishing
1.9 Aspects of Management and 6 Hybrid Printing Systems
Business Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 6.1 Overview of Printing Methods and
Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762
2 Printing Technologies with Permanent 6.2 Combination Variants of Hybrid
Printing Master Printing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764
2.1 Offset Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 6.3 System Concepts and Examples of
2.2 Gravure Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394 Implementations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770
2.3 Letterpress Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408 6.4 Hybrid Techniques for In-line and
2.4 Screen Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422 Off-line Print Production
2.5 Special Printing Technologies and Product
Specific Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 7 Print Finishing Processes
7.1 Classification of Print Finishing
3 Prepress Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781
3.1 Conventional Prepress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502 7.2 Process Steps and Procedures for
3.2 Digital Prepress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 Print Finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861
7.3 Process Structuring in Print Finishing . . . . 901
4 Computer to ... Technologies
4.1 Survey of the Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
4.2 Computer to Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

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 14.3 Bibliography 1135

Topic Page 14.4 Standards (Selection) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1143

14.5 Research Associations and Educational
8 Material and Data Flow in Institutions for the Graphic Arts
Print Media Production Industry (Selection)
8.1 Material Logistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922 14.6 Associations and Organizations
8.2 Networking and Data Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936 in the Printing and Publishing Industry
(Selection)
9 Production Strategies for Print Media 14.7 International Conferences for the Graphic
9.1 Production Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951 Arts Industry (Selection)
9.2 Production Systems

10 Comparison of Printing and Production 14.3.2 Selected Literature on Print Media

Technologies for Print Media
10.1 Introduction
related Topics (General Bibliography
10.2 Overview of Methods and Technologies and Individual Topics)
for the Production of Print Media The following is only a selection and by no means a
10.3 Production Methods and Strategies complete list of all relevant titles. It is merely a selec-
10.4 Criteria for the Selection of Printing
Technologies and Production Methods
tion of material and regular additions should be
10.5 Performance Criteria of Printing Systems made.
and Trends in Print Media Production
Adams, R.; Romano, F. J.: Computer to Plate: Automating
11 Electronic Media and Multimedia the Printing Industry. GATF, Pittsburgh (PA) 1996.
11.1 Media Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984 Barnard, M.: The Print and Production Manual. Pira Inter-
11.2 Data Types, Data Structures and national, Leatherhead (UK) 1998.
their Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 992 Baumann, W.; Herberg-Liedtke, B.: Papierchemikalien.
11.3 Data Carriers Springer, Berlin 1993.
11.4 Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 997 Baumann, W.; Rothardt, T.: Druckereichemikalien.
11.5 Data Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1000 Springer, Berlin 1999.
11.6 Output Devices for Electronic Media Borsenberger, P.M.; Weiss, D.S.: Organic Photoreceptors for
and Multimedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003 Xerography/Electrophotography. Marcel Dekker,
11.7 Multimedia Applications New York (NY) 1998.
Broudy, D.; Romano, F. J.: Personalized & Database Printing
12 Print Media and Electronic Media – The Complete Guide. GAMA, Salem (NH) 1999.
12.1 Examples of Print Media and Bruno, M. H.: Pocket Pal, A Graphic Arts Production Hand-
Electronic Media book. 17th ed. International Paper, Memphis (TN) 1997.
12.2 The Production of Print Media and Bruno, M. H.: Principles of Color Proofing. Gama Commu-
Electronic Media nications, Salem (NH) 1986.
12.3 “Electronic” Books, “Electronic” Ink, Cost, F.: Pocket Guide to Digital Printing. Delmar Publi-
“Electronic” Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019 shers, Albany (NY) 1997.
12.4 Market Shares and Trends Dennis, E. A.; Odesina, O.; Wilson, D. G.: Lithographic Tech-
nology in Transition. Delmar Publishers, Albany (NY) 1997.
13 Special Topics Destree, T. M.: The Lithographers Manual. GATF, Pitts-
13.1 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074 burgh (PA) 1994.
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074, 1075 Eldred, N. R.: Chemistry for the Graphic Arts. 3rd ed. GATF,
Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074, 1075 Sewickley (PA) 2000.
13.2 Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1100, 1101 Eldred, N. R.: Package Printing. Jelmar Publishing Co.,
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1100 Plainview (NY) 1993.
Standardization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101 Fenton, H. M.; Romano, F. J.: On-Demand Printing: The
13.3 Markets and Development Trends Revolution in Digital and Customized Printing. 2nd ed.
for Print Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110 GATF, Sewickley (PA) 1997.
Field, G. G.: Color and Its Reproduction. GATF Press,
14 Appendix Sewickley (PA) 1999.
14.1 Explanation of Specific Terms . . . . . . . . . . . 1129 Friedl, F.: Typographie – wann wer wie/Typography- when
14.2 Physical/Technical Quantities who how/Typographie – quand qui comment. Köne-
and Conversions mann, Cologne 1998.
14.3 Bibliography/Selected Literature . . . . . . . . . 1135 Gehm, L.: Rheologie. Vincentz Verlag, Hannover 1998.

© H a n d b o o k o f P r i n t M e d i a, H . K i p p h a n ( I S B N 3 - 5 4 0 - 6 7 3 2 6 - 1 )
1136 14 Appendix
Green, P.: Understanding Digital Color. 2nd ed. GATF,
Pittsburgh (PA) 1999.
Hermanies, E.: Polygrafische Technik. VEB Fachbuchverlag,
Leipzig 1978.
Homann, J.-P.: Digitales Colormanagement. Springer,
Berlin 1998.
IARIGAI annual conference: Proceedings of the Research
Conference of the International Association of Research
Institutes and Industrial Research for the Printing, Infor-
mation and Communication Industries (IARIGAI), Pira
International, Leatherhead (UK).
Janzin, M.; Güntner, J.: Das Buch vom Buch: 5000 Jahre
Buchgeschichte. Schlütersche, Hannover 1995.
Johnson, J.: Principles of Non-Impact Printing. Palatino
Press, Irvine (CA) 1998.
Kang, H. R.: Digital Color Halftoning. SPIE Optical Engi-
neering Press, Bellingham (WA) 1999.
König, A.: Erkennen Sie den Druck? Verlag Ing. Adalbert
König, Wien 1998.
Küppers, H.: Das Grundgesetz der Farbenlehre. DuMont
Buchverlag, Köln 1978.
Küppers, H.: Farbe. Callwey Verlag, München 1977.
Leach, R. H.; Pierce, R.J.: The printing ink manual. Blue-
print, London 1993.
Levlin, J.-E.; Söderhjelm, L.: Pulp and Paper Testing. Fapet
Oy, Helsinki 1999.
Liebau, D.; Heinze, I.: Industrielle Buchbinderei. Verlag
Beruf + Schule, Itzehoe 1997.
Liebau, D.; Weschke, H.: Polygraph Fachlexikon der
Druckindustrie und Kommunikationstechnik. Polygraph
Verlag, Frankfurt/Main 1997.
Limburg, M.: Der digitale Gutenberg. Alles, was Sie über
digitales Drucken wissen sollten. Edition PAGE. 2. Auf-
lage. Springer, Berlin 1997.
Limburg, M.: The Essentials of Computer-to-Plate Tech-
nology. GATF, Pittsburgh (PA) 1995.
Lyman, R.: Binding and Finishing. GATF. Pittsburgh (PA)
1993.
Meyer, K.-H.: Technik des Flexodrucks. 4. Auflage, Coating
Verlag Thomas & Co., St. Gallen (CH) 1999.
Morgenstern, D.: Rasterungstechnik (fotomechanisch und
elektronisch). Polygraph Verlag, Frankfurt/Main 1985.
Neimo, L.: Papermaking Chemistry. Fapet Oy, Helsinki 1999.
Neugebauer, H.: Zur Theorie des Mehrfarbendrucks. Verlag
Beruf + Schule, Itzehoe 1989.
Niskanen, K.: Paper Physics. Fapet Oy, Helsinki 1998.
Nyman, M.: 4 Farben – ein Bild. Springer, Berlin 1992.
Oittinen, P.; Saarelma, H.: Printing. Fapet Oy, Helsinki 1998.
Ollech, B.: Tiefdruck (Grundlagen und Verfahrensschritte
der modernen Tiefdrucktechnik). Polygraph Verlag,
Frankfurt/Main 1993.
O’Rourke, J.: The Complete Guide to Waterless Printing.
Quantum Resources, 1997.
Pietzsch, R.; Dolezalek, F.: Druckformherstellung: Geräte,
Arbeitstechniken, Qualitätssicherung. Polygraph Verlag,
Frankfurt/Main 1990.
Richter, M.: Einführung in die Farbmetrik. Walter De
Gruyter Verlag, Berlin 1985.
Riedl, R.; Neumann D.; Teubner J.: Technologie des Offset-
drucks. Verlag Beruf + Schule, Itzehoe 1989.
Romano, F. J.: Pocket Guide to Digital Prepress. Delmar
Publishers, Albany (NY) 1996.
Romano, R.M.; Romano, F.J.: The GATF Encyclopedia of
Graphic Communications. GATF Press, Sewickley (PA)
1998.
Scheer, H. G.: Siebdruck Handbuch. Verlag Der Siebdruck,
Lübeck 1999.
Schein, L. B.: Electrophotography and Development
Physics. Rev. 2nd ed. Laplacian Press, Morgan Hill (CA)
1996.
Schläpfer, K.: Farbmetrik in der Reproduktionstechnik und
im Mehrfarbendruck. UGRA, St. Gallen 1993.
Steinmetz, R.: Multimedia-Technologie: Grundlagen, Kom-
ponenten und Systeme. 2. Auflage. Springer, Berlin 1999.
Stevenson, D.: Handbook of Printing Processes. GATF,
Pittsburgh (PA) 1994.
Sturge, H. M.: Imaging Processes and Materials. 8th ed.
Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York (NY) 1989.
TAGA (Ed.): Annual Conference Proceedings. TAGA (Tech-
nical Association of the Graphic Arts) Office,
Rochester (NY).
Teschner, H.: Fachwörterbuch für visuelle Kommunikation
und Drucktechnik, nach Stichwörtern von A-Z geordnet.
Ott Verlag, Thun 1995.
Teschner, H.: Offsetdrucktechnik. 10. Auflage. Fach-
schriften-Verlag, Fellbach 1997.
Thompson, B.: Printing Materials: Science and Technology.
Pira International, Leatherhead (UK) 1998.
Todd, R. E.: Printing Inks. Pira International,
Leatherhead (UK) 1996.
Walenski, W.: Der Rollenoffsetdruck. Fachschriften-Verlag,
Fellbach 1995.
Walenski, W.: Wörterbuch Druck + Papier. Vittorio
Klostermann Verlag, Frankfurt/Main 1994.
White, A.: High Quality Flexography. Pira International,
Leatherhead (UK) 1998.
Wolf, H.-J.: Geschichte der graphischen Verfahren. Histo-
ria-Verlag, Dornstadt 1990.
Wolf, H.-J.: Geschichte der Typographie. Historia-Verlag,
Ulm-Wiblingen 1999.
Xplor International: Glossary of Terms (for the Electronic
Document Systems Industry). Torrance (CA) 1996/97.
Zorll, U. et.al.: Lacke und Druckfarben – Römpp-Lexikon.
Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1998.
© H a n d b o o k o f P r i n t M e d i a, H . K i p p h a n ( I S B N 3 - 5 4 0 - 6 7 3 2 6 - 1 )
 1137

14.4 Standards (Selection)

This section provides a structured listing of standards 14.4.1 Prepress

applicable to the fields of graphic arts technology and
quality. In the main it is multinational standards that ISO 3664: Viewing conditions – for graphic technol-
are covered (some German standards are also men- ogy and photography (1999).
tioned [14.4-1]). The ISO (International Standard) ISO 5776: Graphic technology – Symbols for text
standards are listed first in numerical order, followed correction (Trilingual edition), (1983).
by EN (European), and finally the DIN (German) ISO 10755: Graphic technology – Prepress digital
standards. The most important American ANSI stan- data exchange – Colour picture data on magnetic
dards for print media production that are of interna- tape (1992).
tional importance have already been converted into ISO 10756 *: Graphic technology – Prepress digital
ISO standards, and are only listed with their ISO data exchange – Colour line art data on magnetic
equivalent. We recommend that readers get to know tape (1994), (ANSI IT8-2:1988).
the current status of the standards and their sources ISO 10758 *: Graphic technology – Prepress digital
with the assistance of database services or the Internet data exchange – Online transfer from electronic
[14.4-2 to 14.4-9]. Section 13.2.3 provides an introduc- prepress systems to colour hardcopy devices
tion to standardization. (1994), (ANSI IT8-4:1989).
The following lists give the origin of the standard ISO 10759 *: Graphic technology – Prepress digital
and its number in each case. If there are several abbre- data exchange – Monochrome image data on mag-
viations – such as DIN EN ISO or EN ISO – the stan- netic tape (1994), (ANSI IT8-5:1990).
dard has been accepted in the same form word for ISO 11084-1: Graphic technology – Register systems
word or in a translated form by these standards insti- for photographic materials, foils and paper –
tutions; in this case DIN, CEN (European Committee Part 1: Three pin systems (1993).
for Standardization) and ISO. The effective (current) ISO 12639: Graphic technology – Prepress digital
version of the standard is to be applied. data exchange – Tag Image File Format for Image
If a work instruction relates to a standard and the lat- Technology (TIFF/IT), (1998).
ter’s date of publication is not expressly stated, then the ISO 12640: Graphic technology – Prepress digital
latest version of this standard must be used. Other ver- data exchange – CMYK standard colour image
sions should only be used if this is especially requested data (CMYK/SCID), (1997).
by stating the publication date; in this case this is a ISO 12641 *: Graphic technology – Prepress digital
“dated reference.” ISO standards that are designated data exchange – Colour targets for input scanner
ISO/DIS (DIS: Draft International Standard) and calibration (1997), (also US standard).
ISO/FDIS (FDIS: Final Draft International Standard) ISO 12642 *: Graphic technology – Prepress digital
are technically perfect drafts, which can already be data exchange – Input data for characterization of
obtained from the relevant national institutions or four colour process printing (1996), (also US stan-
from ISO. The number of a part of a standard is sepa- dard).
rated by a dash from the number of the standard, and DIN 16507-1: Drucktechnik – Schriftgrößen, Maße
this may be followed by the year of publication. und Begriffe – Teil 1: Bleisatz und verwandte
The ISO standards marked with an asterisk (*) refer Techniken (1998).
to a corresponding ANSI/US standard.

© H a n d b o o k o f P r i n t M e d i a, H . K i p p h a n ( I S B N 3 - 5 4 0 - 6 7 3 2 6 - 1 )
1138 14 Appendix
DIN 16507-2: Drucktechnik – Schriftgrößen – Teil 2:
Digitaler Satz und verwandte Techniken, Maße
und Begriffe (draft), (1999).
DIN 16511: Korrekturzeichen (equivalent to ISO
5776), (1966).
DIN 16515-2: Farbbegriffe im graphischen Gewerbe;
Photographie (1963).
DIN 16521: Linien im graphischen Gewerbe, Arten
und Dicken (1959).
DIN 16543: Aufsichts-Grauskala für die
Reproduktionstechnik, 14stufig (1963).
DIN 16544: Drucktechnik; Begriffe der
Reproduktionstechnik (1988).
DIN 16547: Rasterwinkelungen bei der Farben –
Rasterreproduktion (1983).
DIN 16549-1: Drucktechnik – Druckvorstufe – Teil 1:
Korrekturzeichen für Bild und ergänzende
Angaben (1996).
DIN 16553: Druck- und Reproduktionstechnik,
Paßsystem (1985).
DIN 16604: Zeitungen; Papierformate, Anzeigen-
Satzspiegel, Anzeigen-Spaltenbreite,
Anzeigenspalten-Zwischenschlag (draft), (1991).
14.4.2 Printing Inks
ISO 2834: Printing inks – Preparation of standard-
ized prints for determination of resistance to phys-
ical and chemical agents (1981).
ISO 2835: Prints and printing inks – Assessment of
light fastness (1974).
ISO 2836: Graphic technology – Prints and printing
inks – Assessment of resistance to various agents
(1999).
ISO 2837: Graphic technology – Prints and printing
inks – Assessment of resistance to solvents (1996).
ISO 2838: Prints and printing inks – Assessment of
resistance to alkalis (1974).
ISO 2839: Prints and printing inks – Assessment of
resistance to soaps (1974).
ISO 2840: Prints and printing inks – Determination
of the resistance of prints to detergents (1974).
ISO 2841: Prints and printing inks – Determination
of the resistance of prints to cheese (1974).
ISO 2842: Prints and printing inks – Determination of
the resistance of prints to edible oils and fats (1974).
ISO 2843: Prints and printing inks – Determination
of the resistance of prints to impregnation by wax
or paraffin wax (1974).
ISO 2844: Prints and printing inks – Determination
of the resistance of prints to spices (1974).
ISO 2846-1: Graphic technology – Colour and trans-
parency of ink sets for four-colour printing –
Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset litho-
graphic printing (1997).
ISO 2846-2: Graphic technology – Colour and trans-
parency of printing ink sets for four-colour-print-
ing – Part 2: Coldset offset lithographic printing
(2000).
ISO 2846-4: Graphic technology – Colour and trans-
parency of ink sets for four-colour-printing – Part
4: Screen printing (2000).
ISO 5736: Prints – Determination of resistance to
sterilization of prints on metallic substrates
(1983).
ISO 5737: Prints – Preparation of standard prints for
optical tests (1983).
ISO 11628: Graphic technology – Prints and printing
inks – Determination of resistance of prints to
acids (1995).
ISO 12040: Graphic technology – Prints and printing
inks – Assessment of light fastness using filtered
xenon arc light (1997).
ISO/DIS 12632: Graphic technology – Prints and
printing inks – Assessment of penetrability,
detachment and resistance of printed labels to hot
alkaline solution (1996).
ISO 12634: Graphic technology – Determination of
tack of paste inks and vehicles by a rotary tackme-
ter (1996).
ISO 12644: Graphic technology – Determination of
rheological properties of paste inks and vehicles by
the falling rod viscometer (1996).
DIN 16508: Farbskala für den Buchdruck, außerhalb
der europäischen Farbskala; Normdruckfarben
und Druckreihenfolge (1967).
DIN 16509: Farbskala für den Offsetdruck,
Normfarben (1965).
DIN 16513: Reintoluol als Lösemittel für
Tiefdruckfarben (1993).
DIN 16519: Prüfung von Drucken und Druckfarben
des graphischen Gewerbes; Herstellung von Norm-
Druckproben (1967).
DIN 16519-2: Prüfung von Drucken und
Druckfarben, Herstellung von Norm-Druckproben
für optische Messungen (1985).
DIN 16524-1: Prüfung von Drucken und Druckfarben
der Drucktechnik, Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen ver-
schiedene physikalische und chemische Einflüsse –
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 14.4 Standards (Selection) 1139

Teil 1: Wasser-Echtheit, Lösemittel-Echtheit (1994), 14.4.3 Substrates

(equivalent to ISO 2837).
DIN 16524-2: Prüfung von Drucken und EN ISO 536: Paper and board – Determination of
Druckfarben des graphischen Gewerbes; grammage (1996).
Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen verschiedene EN ISO 1924-2: Paper and board – Determination of
physikalische und chemische Einflüsse, Alkali- tensile properties – Part 2: Constant rate of elonga-
Echtheit, Seifen-Echtheit, Waschmittel-Echtheit tion method (1995), (ISO 1924-2:1994).
(1965). ISO 8226-1: Paper and board – Measurement of
DIN 16524-3: Prüfung von Drucken und Druck- hygroexpansivity – Part 1: Hygroexpansivity
farben des graphischen Gewerbes; Widerstands- up to a maximum relative humidity of 68%
fähigkeit gegen verschiedene physikalische und (1994).
chemische Einflüsse, Käse-Echtheit, Speisefett- ISO 8226-2: Paper and board – Measurement of
Echtheit, Paraffin- und Wachs-Echtheit, Gewürz- hygroexpansivity – Part 2: Hygroexpansivity up to
Echtheit (1965). a maximum relative humidity of 86% (1990).
DIN 16524-5: Prüfung von Drucken und ISO 8254-1: Paper and board – Measurement of
Druckfarben der Drucktechnik – specular gloss – Part 1: 75° gloss (1999).
Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen verschiedene ISO 8791-1: Paper and board – Determination of
physikalische und chemische Einflüsse – Teil 5: roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) –
Autoklaven-Sterilisierbeständigkeit (1998). Part 1: General method (1986).
DIN 16524-6: Prüfung von Drucken und ISO 8791-2: Paper and board – Determination of
Druckfarben der Drucktechnik – Wider- roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) –
standsfähigkeit gegen verschiedene physikalische Part 2: Bendtsen method (1990).
und chemische Einflüsse – Teil 6: Verhalten von ISO 8791-3: Paper and board – Determination of
Getränkeflaschenetiketten gegen heiße roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) –
Reinigungslauge, Laugendurchdringung und Part 3: Sheffield method (1990).
Ablösezeit (1996), (equivalent to ISO/DIS 12632). ISO 8791-4: Paper and board – Determination of
DIN 16524-7: Prüfung von Drucken und roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) –
Druckfarben der Drucktechnik – Part 4: Print-surf method (1992).
Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen verschiedene ISO 9706 *: Information and documentation –
physikalische und chemische Einflüsse – Teil 7: Paper for documents – Requirements for perma-
Verhalten von Getränkeflaschenetiketten gegen nence (ANSI/NISO Z39.48: 1992), (1994).
heiße Waschlauge, Laugenbeständigkeit (1996). EN 644: Paper; untrimmed sizes; primary range and
DIN 16525: Prüfung von Drucken und Druckfarben supplementary range designation; expression of
des graphischen Gewerbes – Widerstandsfähigkeit direction of manufacture (1993).
gegen verschiedene physikalische und chemische EN 645: Paper and board intended to come into
Einflüsse, Lichtechtheit (1965), (equivalent to contact with foodstuffs; preparation of a cold
ISO 12040). water extract (1993).
DIN 16526: Druckfarben für die Drucktechnik – EN 646: Paper and board intended to come into
Kennzeichnung der Eigenschaften der contact with foodstuffs; determination of color
Druckfarben für Hoch- und Flachdruck auf dem fastness of dyed paper and board (1993).
Etikett (1994). EN 647: Paper and board intended to come into
DIN 16538: Europäische Farbskala für den contact with foodstuffs; preparation of a hot water
Buchdruck; Normdruckfarben und extract (1993).
Druckreihenfolge (1969). EN 648: Paper and board intended to come into
DIN 16539: European process colours for offset contact with foodstuffs; determination of the fast-
printing; standard inks (1971). ness of fluoroescent whitened paper and board
DIN 55943: Farbmittel; Begriffe (1993). (1993).
DIN 55944: Colouring materials; classification EN 920: Paper and board intended to come into
according to colouristic and chemical aspects contact with foodstuffs – Determination of dry
(1990). matter content in an aqueous extract (1998).

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1140 14 Appendix
EN 1104: Paper and board intended to come into
contact with foodstuffs – Determination of trans-
fer of antimicrobic constituents (1995).
ENV 12281: Paper – Printing and business paper –
Requirements for copy paper for dry toner imag-
ing processes (1996).
EN 20187: Paper, board, and pulps; standard atmos-
phere for conditioning and testing and procedure
for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning
of samples (1993), (ISO 187:1990).
EN 20287: Paper and board – Determination of
moisture content – Oven-drying method (1994),
(ISO 287:1985).
EN 20534: Paper and board; determination of thick-
ness and apparent bulk density or apparent sheet
density (1993), (ISO 534:1988).
EN 20535: Paper and board – Determination of
water absorptiveness – Cobb method (1994), (ISO
535:1991).
EN 25651: Paper, board and pulps; units for express-
ing properties (1993), (ISO 5651:1989).
DIN 6721-1: Papiere für die Datenverarbeitung; 40
bis 90 g/m2 Papier für Endlosvordrucke,
ungestrichen, unbeschichtet; Anforderungen,
Prüfung (1986).
DIN 6721-2: Papiere für die Datenverarbeitung; 40 bis
90 g/m2 Papier für Endlosvordrucke –
Teil 2: Selbstdurchschreibend; Anforderungen,
Prüfung (2000).
DIN 6723-1: Papers for data processing – Paper for
document reader sorter 90 g/m2 substance – Part 1:
Uncoated, untreated; requirements, test require-
ments (1997).
DIN 6723-2: Papers for data processing – Paper for
document reader sorter 90 g/m2 substance – Part 2:
Coated, treated, self copying; requirements, test
method (1997).
DIN 6724-1: Papers for data processing – Paper for
document reader sorter 65 to 85 g/m2 substance –
Part 1: Uncoated, untreated; requirements, test
method (1997).
DIN 6724-2: Papers for data processing – Paper for
document reader sorter 65 to 85 g/m2 substance –
Part 2: Coated, treated, self copying; requirements,
test method (1997).
DIN 6730: Paper and board – Vocabulary (trilingual),
(2000).
DIN 19302: Packstoffe – Papiere für allgemeine
Verpackungszwecke – Anforderungen, Prüfung
(1995).
DIN 19306: Uncoated printing papers; letterpress
paper, offset paper, rotogravure paper; technical
conditions of delivery (1977).
DIN 53107: Prüfung von Papier und Pappe;
Bestimmung der Glätte nach Bekk (1982).
DIN 53130: Testing of paper and board; determina-
tion of dimensional stability (1978).
DIN 53140: Prüfung von Papier und Pappe;
Bestimmung von Normfarbwerten nach dem
Dreibereichsverfahren (1992).
DIN 53145-1: Prüfung von Papier und Pappe;
Meßgrundlagen zur Bestimmung des
Reflexionsfaktors; Messung von nicht fluo-
reszierenden Proben (1992).
DIN 53145-2: Prüfung von Papier und Pappe;
Meßgrundlagen zur Bestimmung des Reflexions-
faktors; Messung an fluoreszierenden Proben
(1992).
DIN 53146: Prüfung von Papier und Pappe;
Bestimmung der Opazität (1993).
DIN 53147: Testing of paper; determination of trans-
parency (1993).
14.4.4 Materials (Printing Plates, Blankets)
ISO 12635: Graphic technology – Plates for offset
printing – Dimensions (1996).
ISO 12636: Graphic technology – Blankets for offset
printing (1998).
DIN 16620-1: Drucktechnik – Druckplatten für den
indirekten Flachdruck (Offsetdruck) – Teil 1: Maße
(1994).
DIN 16621: Printing technology; blankets for offset
printing; terms, specifications, testing, marking
(1991).
14.4.5 Printing Technologies
and Printing Presses
ISO 4218-1: Printing machines – Vocabulary –
Part 1: Fundamental terms (Bilingual edition;
Remark: new version under discussion) (1979).
ISO 12637-2: Graphic technology – Multilingual ter-
minology of printing arts – Part 2: Screen printing
terms (1997).
DIN 16500: Drucktechnik (Technik des Druckens);
Grundbegriffe (1979).
DIN 16500-2: Drucktechnik;
Verfahrensübergreifende Begriffe (1987).
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 14.4 Standards (Selection) 1141

DIN 16514: Drucktechnik; Begriffe für den EN ISO 9004-1: Quality management and quality
Hochdruck (1982). system elements – Part 1: Guidelines
DIN 16609: Drucktechnik; Durchdruck; Begriffe (ISO 9004-1:1994); trilingual version (1994).
(1981). ISO 9004-2: Quality management and quality system
DIN 16610: Drucktechnik; Durchdruck; Begriffe für elements – Part 2: Guidelines for services (1991).
den Siebdruck (1984). ISO 9004-3: Quality management and quality system
elements – Part 3: Guidelines for processed materi-
als (1993).
14.4.6 Finishing ISO 9004-4: Quality management and quality sys-
tem elements – Part 4: Guidelines for quality
DIN 16500-11: Drucktechnik (Technik des improvement (1993).
Druckens) – Teil 11: Druckweiterverarbeitung, ISO 10012-1: Quality assurance requirements for
Begriffe (1994). measuring equipment – Part 1: Metrological con-
firmation system for measuring equipment (1992).
14.4.7 Quality, Quality Specifications, ISO 10013: Guidelines for developing quality man-
agement manuals (1995).
and Measurement Techniques ISO 12218: Graphic technology – Process control of
CIE 15.2: Colorimetry; Second edition (1986). platemaking (1997).
ISO 5-1: Photography – Density measurements – ISO 12645: Graphic technology – Test methods for
Part 1: Terms, symbols and notations (Trilingual measuring transmission density on half-tone
edition), (1984). images (1996).
ISO/DIS 5-2: Photography – Density measurements – ISO 12647-1: Graphic technology – Process control
Part 2: Geometric conditions for transmission den- for the manufacture of half-tone colour separa-
sity (1999). tions, proof and production prints – Part 1:
ISO 5-3: Photography – Density measurements – Parameters and measurement methods (1996).
Part 2: Spectral conditions (1995). ISO 12647-2: Graphic technology – Process control
ISO 5-4: Photography – Density measurements – Part 4: for the manufacture of half-tone colour separa-
Geometric conditions for reflexion density (1995). tions, proof and production prints – Part 2: Offset
EN ISO 9000-1: Quality management and quality lithographic processes (1996).
assurance standards – Part 1: Guidelines for selection ISO 12647-3: Graphic technology – Process control
and use (ISO 9000-1:1994); trilingual version (1994). for the manufacture of half-tone colour separa-
EN ISO 9000-3: Quality management and quality tions, proofs and production prints – Part 3:
assurance standards – Part 3: Guidelines of the Coldset offset lithography and letterpress on
application of ISO 9001:1994 to the development, newsprint (1998).
supply, installation and maintenance of computer ISO 12647-4: in preparation: Graphic technology –
software (ISO 9000-3:1997); bilingual version Process control for the manufacture of half-tone
(1998). colour separations, proofs and production prints –
ISO 9000-4: Quality management and quality assur- Part 4: Publication gravure printing.
ance standards – Part 4: Guide to dependability ISO/DIS 12647-5: Graphic technology – Process con-
programme management (1993). trol for the manufacture of half-tone colour sepa-
EN ISO 9001: Quality systems – Model for quality rations, proofs and production prints – Part 5:
assurance in design/development, production, Screen printing (2000).
installation and servicing (ISO 9001:1994); trilin- ISO 12647-6: in preparation: Graphic technology –
gual version (1994). Process control for the manufacture of half-tone
EN ISO 9002: Quality systems – Model for quality colour separations, proofs and production prints –
assurance in production, installation and servicing Part 6: Flexographic printing.
(ISO 9002:1994); trilingual version (1994). ISO 12647-7: in preparation: Graphic technology –
EN ISO 9003: Quality systems – Model for quality Process control for the manufacture of half-tone
assurance in final inspection and test colour separations, proofs and production prints –
(ISO 9003:1994); trilingual version (1994). Part 7: Digital printing.

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1142 14 Appendix
ISO 13655 *: Graphic technology – Spectral measure-
ment and colorimetric computation for graphic
arts images (1996), (also US standard).
ISO 13656: Graphic technology and photography –
Application of reflection densitometry and col-
orimetry to process control in the graphic arts
measurements (1999).
ISO/DIS 15790: Graphic technology – Certified ref-
erence materials for reflection and transmission
metrology – Documentation requirements and
recommended procedures (1998).
DIN 4512-7: Photographische Sensitometrie; Bestim-
mung der optischen Dichte; Begriffe, Symbole und
Kennzeichnungen (1993); ISO 5-1:1984.
DIN 4512-8: Photographische Sensitometrie; Bestim-
mung der optischen Dichte; Geometrische Bedin-
gungen für Messungen bei Transmission (1993);
ISO 5-2:1993.
DIN 4512-9: Photographische Sensitometrie; Bestim-
mung der optischen Dichte; Spektrale Bedingungen
(1993); ISO 5-3:1995.
DIN 4512-10: Photographische Sensitometrie; Bestim-
mung der optischen Dichte; Geometrische Bedin-
gungen für Messungen bei Reflexion (1993);
ISO 5-4:1995.
DIN 5033-1: Farbmessung; Grundbegriffe der
Farbmetrik (1979).
DIN 5033-2: Farbmessung; Normvalenz-Systeme
(1992).
DIN 5033-3: Farbmessung; Farbmaßzahlen (1992).
DIN 5033-4: Farbmessung; Spektralverfahren (1992).
DIN 5033-5: Colorimetry by visual matching
(1981).
DIN 5033-6: Colorimetry; tristimulus method
(1976).
DIN 5033-7: Colorimetry; measuring conditions for
object colours (1983).
DIN 5033-8: Colorimetry; measuring conditions for
light sources (1982).
DIN 5033-9: Colorimetry; reflectance standard for
colorimetry and photometry (1982).
DIN 5035-6: Artificial lighting; measurement and
evaluation (1990).
DIN 6169-1: Colour rendering; general terms (1976).
DIN 6169-2: Colour rendering; colour rendering
properties of light sources in the field of lighting
(1976).
DIN 6169-5: Farbwiedergabe; Verfahren zur Kenn-
zeichnung der objektbezogenen Farbwiedergabe
im Mehrfarbendruck (1976).
DIN 6169-8: Farbwiedergabe; Verfahren zur
Kennzeichnung der farbbildbezogenen
Farbwiedergabe im Mehrfarbendruck (1979).
DIN 6172: Metamerie-Index von Probenpaaren bei
Lichtartwechsel (1993).
DIN 6173-1: Colour matching; general rules (1975).
DIN 6173-2: Colour matching; lighting conditions
for average artificial daylight (1983).
DIN 6174: Colorimetric evaluation of colour differ-
ences of surface colours according to the CIELAB
formula (1979).
DIN 16527-1: Drucktechnik; Kontrollfeld,
Kontrollbild, Kontrollmarke; Grundbegriffe (1993).
DIN 16527-3: Drucktechnik – Kontrollfelder –
Anwendung im Druck (1993).
DIN 16528: Drucktechnik; Begriffe für den Tiefdruck
(1988).
DIN 16529: Drucktechnik; Begriffe für den
Flachdruck (1982).
DIN 16536-1: Prüfung von Drucken und
Druckfarben der Drucktechnik – Farbdichte-
messung an Drucken – Teil 1: Begriffe und
Durchführung der Messung (1997).
DIN 16536-2: Prüfung von Drucken und
Druckfarben der Drucktechnik –
Farbdichtemessung an Drucken – Teil 2:
Anforderungen an die Meßanordnung von
Farbdichtemeßgeräten und ihre Prüfung (1995).
DIN 16537: Prüfung von Drucken und Druckfarben
der Drucktechnik – Bestimmung der visuellen
Glanzzahl von Drucken (1998).
DIN 16545: Durchsichts-Grauskala für die
Reproduktionstechnik, 20stufig (1960).
DIN 16600: Drucktechnik; Flächendeckungsgrad
von Rastertonwerten auf transparentem Material
in der Reproduktionstechnik (1991).
DIN 16611: Drucktechnik; Meßgrößen im Siebdruck
(1990).
DIN 16620-2: Drucktechnik; Druckplatten für den
indirekten Flachdruck (Offsetdruck),
Druckformherstellung, Begriffe und meßtech-
nische Zusammenhänge (1991).
DIN 16620-3: Drucktechnik; Druckplatten für den
indirekten Flachdruck (Offsetdruck); Einrichten
und Druck; Begriffe (1993).
DIN 67530: Reflectometer as a means for gloss
assessment of plane surfaces of paint coatings and
plastics (1982).
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 14.4 Standards (Selection) 1143

14.4.8 Safety of Machinery EN 60204-1: Safety of machinery – Electrical equip-

ment of machines – Part 1: General requirements
There are numerous national directives and direc- (1997), (IEC 60204-1:1997).
tives of various associations, e. g., in the EU member EN 60825-1: Safety of laser products – Part 1:
states, on safety of machinery that must be taken Equipment classification, requirement and user’s
into account and applied as mentioned in section guide (1994), (IEC 60825-1:1993).
13.2.2.

EN 292-1: Safety of machinery – Basic concepts, gen- 14.4.9 Environmental Management

eral principles for design – Part 1: Basic terminology,
methodology (1991), (ISO/TR 12100-1:1992). The general aspects of environmental protection in
EN 292-2: Safety of machinery – Basic concepts, gen- the printing industry are dealt with in section 13.2.1.
eral principles for design – Part 2: Technical princi-
ples and specifications (1995). ISO 14001: Environmental management systems –
EN 294: Safety of machinery – Safety distances to Specification with guidance for use (1996).
prevent danger zones from being reached by the ISO 14004: Environmental management systems –
upper limbs (1992), (ISO 13852:1996). General guidelines on principles, systems and sup-
EN 953: Safety of machinery – Guards – General porting techniques (1996).
requirements for the design and construction of ISO 14010: Guidelines for environmental auditing –
fixed and movable guards (1997). General principles (1996).
EN 954-1: Safety of machinery – Safety-related parts ISO 14011: Guidelines for environmental auditing –
of control systems – Part 1: General principles for Audit procedures – Auditing of environmental
design (1996), (ISO/IEC DIS 13849-1:1997). management systems (1996).
prEN 1010-1: Safety of machinery – Safety require- ISO 14031: Environmental management –
ments for the design and construction of printing Environmental performance evaluation –
and paper converting machines – Part 1: Common Guidelines (1999).
requirements (1999). ISO 14040: Environmental management – Life cycle
prEN 1010-2: Safety of machinery – Safety require- assessment – Principles and framework (1997).
ments for the design and construction of printing ISO 14041: Environmental management – Life cycle
and paper converting machines – Part 2: Printing assessment – Goal and scope definition and life
and varnishing machines including pre-press cycle inventory analysis (1998).
machinery (1998). DIN 33922: Guideline – Environmental reports for
prEN 1010-3: Safety of machinery – Safety require- the public (1997).
ments for the design and construction of printing DIN 33923: Guidance for environmental audits –
and paper converting machines – Part 3: Cutting Requirements on check lists for environmental
machines (1998). audits (2000).
prEN 1010-4: Safety of machinery – Safety require- DIN 33924: Guideline to performing an initial envi-
ments for the design and construction of printing ronmental review as part of environmental man-
and paper converting machines – Part 4: agement activities (1998).
Bookbinding, paper converting, and finishing DIN 33926: Umweltmanagement – Produktbezogene
machines (1999). Ökobilanzen – Standardberichtsbogen (1998).
prEN 1010-5: Safety of machinery – Safety require- DIN 33927: Environmental management – Use of life
ments for the design and construction of printing cycle assessment studies in marketing, advertising
and paper converting machines – Part 5: Machines and public relations work (2000).
for the production of corrugated board and
machines for the conversion of flat and corrugated References in 14.4
board (1998). [14.4-1] DIN-Katalog für technische Regeln 2000. Beuth
EN 1088: Safety of machinery – Interlocking devices Verlag, Berlin 2000.
associated with guards – Principles for design and [14.4-2] For ISO: http://www.iso.ch.
selection (1995), (ISO/FDIS 14119:1997). [14.4-3] For CIE: http://www.cie.co.at.

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1144 14 Appendix

[14.4-4] For CEN: http://www.cenorm.be. [14.4-7] For TAPPI: http://www.tappi.org.

[14.4-5] For DIN: http://www.din.de. [14.4-8] For ASTM: http://www.astm.org.
[14.4-6] For ANSI: http://www.ansi.org. [14.4-9] For ICC: http://www.color.org.

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 1145

14.5 Research Associations and Educational Institutions

for the Graphic Arts Industry (Selection)

The following sections 14.5.1 (Universities), 14.5.2
(Research Institutes and Research Centers), and 14.5.3
(Institutions for Teaching/Training and Ecucation) list
a selection of addresses of research associations and
educational institutions in the graphic arts industry.
Some institutions could be assigned to more than one
of the three sections. We ask for understanding, should
another position in the section give a more appropri-
ate reflection of the contents and responsibilities. Each
section is divided into the following regions: Europe,
North America, Asia and Australia, and Further
Countries. Within each region, the universities and
institutions are listed by country in alphabetical order.
For each country, the associations are in alphabetical
order of the cities, and in the case of the United States,
by state.

14.5.1 Universities University Pardubice

Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics
Katedra polygrafie a fotofyziky
A selection of universities offering courses on topics Doubravice 41
related to print media technology and in some cases Pardubice – Semtín 533 54
also undertaking relevant research is listed below (this czech republic
list can certainly be complemented and updated regu-
larly). Helsinki University of Technology (HUT)
Laboratory of Graphic Arts Technology
Europe Tekniikantie 3
01250 Espoo 15
Donau-Universität Krems finland
Abteilung für Telekommunikation, Information und
Medien Hochschule der Künste Berlin
Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30 Fachbereich 5, Institut für Technologie & Planung Druck
3500 Krems Einsteinufer 43–53
austria 10587 Berlin
germany
Technical University of Belorus
(Department of Printing) Technische Universität Chemnitz,
ul. Sverdlova, 13 A Fakultät für Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik,
220630 Minsk Institut für Print- und Medientechnik
belorus Reichenhainer Straße 70
09126 Chemnitz
University of Zagreb germany
Faculty of Graphic Arts
Getaldiceva 2 Technische Universität Darmstadt
10000 Zagreb Fachbereich Maschinenbau
republic of croatia Institut für Druckmaschinen und Druckverfahren (IDD)
Magdalenenstraße 2
64289 Darmstadt
germany

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1146 14 Appendix

Technische Universität Darmstadt ITN Linköping University

Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Media Technology
Institut für Papierfabrikation (IFP) 601 74 Norrköping
Alexanderstraße 8 sweden
64283 Darmstadt
germany Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
Division of Media Technology & Graphic Arts
Technische Universität Ilmenau Drottning Kristinas väg 47
Institut für Medien- und Kommunikations- 100 44 Stockholm
wissenschaft i.G. sweden
Postfach 10 05 65
98684 Ilmenau Ukraine Academy of Printing Technology
germany ul. Podgolosko, 19
79020, Ukraine, Ljwow
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz ukraine
Institut für Buchwissenschaft
55099 Mainz North America
germany
Ryerson Polytechnic University
Bergische Universität, Gesamthochschule Wuppertal 350 Victoria Street
Fachbereich 5, Kommunikationstechnologie – Druck Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3
Rainer-Gruenter-Straße 21 canada
42119 Wuppertal
germany California State University, Los Angeles
Department of Technology
Hochschule für Gestaltung 5151 State University Drive
Schloßstraße 31 Los Angeles, California 90032-8154
63065 Offenbach usa
germany
California Polytechnic State University (CALPOLY)
Moscow State University of Printing Arts Graphic Communication Department
2a Pryanishnikova St. 1 Grand Ave.
127550 Moscow San Luis Obispo, California 93407
russia usa

Technical University Omsk Indiana State University

(Department of Printing) School of Technology (Printing Management)
Prospekt Mira 11 Terre Haute, Indiana 47809
644050 Omsk usa
russia
Murray State University
St. Petersburg Institute of the Moscow State University Department of Printing Management/Graphic Arts
of Printing Technology
Ul. Dzambula, 13 P.O. Box 9
191180 St. Petersburg Murray, Kentucky 42071-0009
russia usa

Slovak University of Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Faculty of Chemical Technology The Media Laboratory
Department of Graphic Arts Technology and Applied 20 Ames Street
Photochemistry Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
Radlinskho 9 usa
81237 Bratislava,
slovakia

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 14.5 Research Associations and Educational Institutions for the Graphic Arts Industry (Selection) 1147

Western Michigan University Chiba University

Department of Paper, Printing Science and Engineering 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku
1104 Welborn Hall Chiba 263-8522
Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008 japan
usa
Tokai University
Central Missouri State University Hiratsuka-City,
Graphic Department Kanagawa 259-1292
Warrensburg, Missouri 64093 japan
usa
Kyushu Sangyo University
Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) 3-1 Matsukadai, 2-chome Higashi-ku
(Imaging and Publishing/FIC) Fukuoka 813-8503
2 Lomb Memorial Drive japan
Rochester, New York 14623-5604
usa Korea Printing Research Institute
Seogyo-Dong 35226
Carnegie Mellon University Mapo Seoul
Graduate School of Industrial Administration korea
(Graphic Communications Management)
RM 135 Chinese Culture University
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Taipei
usa taiwan

Clemson University
Graphic Communications Department 14.5.2 Research Institutes and
G01 Tillman Hall Research Centers
Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0711
usa A selection of research institutes and research centers
for the field of print media technology is listed below
University of Wisconsin (this list can certainly complemented and updated
Stout Graphic Communications Management
Menomonie, Wisconsin 54751
regularly).
usa
Europe
Asia and Australia
Polygrafia
Platchkovitza Str. 3
University of South Australia
1164 Sofia
The Levels Campus
bulgaria
Mawson
Lakes Boulevard
Printech
Mawson Lakes, SA 5095
Pstrossova 21
australia
11000 Praha 1
czech republic
Beijing Printing University
Postal Code 102600
Nordisk Forskningsinstitut for Maling og Trykfarver
Daxing, Beijing
Nordiska Institutet for Fargforskning (NIF)
china
Agern Alle 3
2970 Horsholm
Japan Printing Academy (JPA)
denmark
Koishikawa 4-13-2,
Bunkyo-ku
KCL; FPPRI, The Finnish Pulp and Paper
Tokyo 112-0002
Research Institute
japan
P.O. Box 70
02151 Espoo
finland

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1148 14 Appendix

VTT, Technical Research Center of Finland, Sächsisches Institut für die Druckindustrie GmbH
Printed Communications, VTT Information Technology Institut des Vereins POLYGRAPH Leipzig e.V. (SID)
Tekniikantie 4B Mommsenstraße 2
P.O. Box 1204 04329 Leipzig
02044 Espoo germany
finland
ERA, European Rotogravure Association
CTP, Centre Technique du Papier Swakopmunder Straße 3
(French Pulp and Paper Institute) 81827 München
Domaine Universitaire BP 251 germany
38044 Grenoble
france FOGRA Graphic Technology Research Association
FOGRA Forschungsgesellschaft Druck e.V.
CERIG, Centre d’Etudes et de Ressources des Streitfeldstraße 19
Industries Graphiques 81673 München
DU 461, Rue de la Papeterie germany
BP 65
38402 Saint Martin d’Hères Cedex PTS, Papiertechnische Stiftung
france Heßstraße 134
80797 München
BAM, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung germany
Unter den Eichen 87
12205 Berlin DFTA (Deutschsprachige Flexodruck-Fachgruppe e.V.)
germany Technologiezentrum an der Fachhochschule Stuttgart,
Hochschule für Druck und Medien
Fraunhofer-Institut für Graphische Datenverarbeitung Nobelstraße 10
(IGD) 70569 Stuttgart
Rundeturmstraße 6 germany
64283 Darmstadt
germany Pira International
Randalls Road
IFRA Leatherhead
International Association for Newspaper & Media Surrey, KT22 7RU
Technology great britain
Washingtonplatz 1
64287 Darmstadt Welsh Centre for Printing and Coating
germany Department of Mechanical Engineering
University of Wales Swansea
IPSI, Institut für Integrierte Publikations- und Singleton Park
Informationssysteme Swansea, SA2 8PP
Dolivostraße 15 great britain
64293 Darmstadt
germany ENCC
Via Regina Margherita, 262
ZGDV, Zentrum für Graphische Datenverarbeitung 184 Roma
Rundeturmstraße 6 italy
64283 Darmstadt
germany IGT, Reprotest B.V.
P.O. Box 12688
Fraunhofer-Institut für Verfahrenstechnik 1101 EX Amsterdam ZO
und Verpackung (IVV) netherlands
Giggenhauser Straße 35
85354 Freising Norwegian Pulp and Paper Research Institute
germany P.O. Box 115, Vinderen
319 Oslo 3
norway

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 14.5 Research Associations and Educational Institutions for the Graphic Arts Industry (Selection) 1149

Papirindustriens Forskningsinstitatt (PFI) PAPRICAN, Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada
Hogsholeringen 6B 570 St. John’s Boulevard
7034 Trondheim Point Claire, Québec H9R 3J9
norway canada

OBRPP, Osrodek Badawczo-Rozwoj SRI international

ul. Miedziana 11 (Stanford Research Institute)
58 Warszawa 333 Ravenswood Avenue
poland Menlo Park, California 94025-349
usa
Politechnika Warszawska Wydzial Mechatroniki (IWF)
ul. Chodkiewicza 8 Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT)
02-525 Warszawa College of Imaging Arts & Sciences; Imaging and
poland Publishing/FIC
55 Lomb Memorial Drive
Russian Academy of Sciences Rochester, New York 14623-5603
Institute of Physics Lebedev usa
Leninskiy pr., 53
117924 Moscow NPIRI, National Printing Ink Research Institute
russia Lehigh University, Building 7
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
Russian Research Institute for Graphic Arts (VNII), usa
INPOL Co.
11, Staropetrovcky pr. GATF, Graphic Arts Technical Foundation
125130 Moscow 200 Deer Run Road
russia Sewickley, Pennsylvania 15143-2600
usa
Tidningspappersbrukens Forskningslaboratorium (TFL) AB
Danderydsvägen 95 The Environmental Group
18265 Djursholm 1899 Preston White Drive
sweden Reston, Virginia 20191-4367
usa
IMT, Inst. for Media Technology
Box 5637 Asia and Australia
Drottning Kristinas väg 51
114 86 Stockholm China Research Institute of Printing Science and
sweden Technology
2 Cui Wei Road
STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute Beijing 100036
Box 5604 china
11486 Stockholm
sweden Research Laboratories of Australia (RLA)
7 Valetta Road
UGRA, Verein zur Förderung wissenschaftlicher Kidman Park (Adelaide), S. Australia 5025
Untersuchungen in der grafischen Industrie australia
UGRA c/o EMPA
Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 JAGAT, Japan Association of Graphic Arts Technology
9014 St. Gallen 1-29-11, Wada Suginami-ku
switzerland Tokyo 166
japan
North America

Inst. Comm. Graphique du Québec

(Quebec Institute of Graphic Communications, QIGC)
999 Emile Journault Est
Montréal, Québec H2M 2E2
canada

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1150 14 Appendix

14.5.3 Institutions for Teaching/Training Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur Leipzig
FB Polygrafische Technik (HTWK)
and Education Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 132
04277 Leipzig
A selection of teaching/training and educational insti- germany
tutions for the field of print media technology (poly-
technics, colleges, etc.) is listed below. Some of these in- Fachhochschule Stuttgart, Hochschule für Druck
stitutes also undertake research (this list must certain- und Medien
ly be complemented and updated regularly). Nobelstraße 10
At the end of this section you can find the addresses 70569 Stuttgart
germany
of the Print Media Academy network of Heidelberger
Druckmaschinen AG (see also sec. 13.1.2.6) The London Institute
London College of Printing
Europe School of Printing Technology
Elephant & Castle
Fachhochschule St. Pölten London SE1 6SB
Studiengang Telekommunikation und Medien great Britain
3100 St. Pölten
austria Könnyúipari Múszaki Fóiskola Nyomdaipari Tanszék
The Printing Industry Department of the
Höhere Graphische Bundes-Lehr- und -Versuchsanstalt Technical College for the Hungarian Light Industry
(VFG-GLV) Doberdó u 6
Leyserstraße 6 1034 Budapest
1140 Wien hungary
austria
GI, Grafisk Institutt Forskningsparken
Flemish Innovation Center for Graphic Communication The Norwegian Institute for the Graphics Arts Industries
(VIGC) Gaustadalléen 21
Spoorwegstraat 7 0371 Oslo
Turnhout 2300 norway
belgium
ESIG, Ecole Suisse d’Ingénieurs des Industries graphiques
DGH The Graphic College of Denmark et de l’emballage (esig+)
The Graphic Arts Institute of Denmark Rue de Genève 63
67 Glentevej 1004 Lausanne
2400 Copenhagen switzerland
denmark
North America
EFPG, Ecole Française de Papeterie et des Industries
Graphiques The Southern Alberta Institute of Technology and Printing
Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble Management
461, rue de la Papeterie (DU) (Print Administration, Management Skills, Bindery)
BP 65 1301, 16thAvenue Northwest
38402 St-Martin-d’Hères Cedex Calgary, Alberta T2M 0L4
france canada
Technische Fachhochschule Berlin Northern Alberta Institute of Technology
FB 10, Studiengang Druck- und Medientechnik Graphic Communications Department
Luxemburger Straße 10 (Graphic Communications Tech, Electronic Prepress)
13353 Berlin 11762, 106th Street
germany Edmonton, Alberta T5G 2R1
canada

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 14.5 Research Associations and Educational Institutions for the Graphic Arts Industry (Selection) 1151

Vancouver Community College, Mayo Regional Technology Center

Graphic Arts Printing Production Graphic Arts Department
250 West Pender Street 513 Third Street
Vancouver, British Columbia V6B 1S9 Paintsville, Kentucky 41240
canada usa

Arizona State University Ferris State University

College of Engineering & Applied Sciences (Graphic Graphic Arts Department College of Technology
Communications) 915 Campus Drive
Industrial Technology Department, Technology Division Swan 314
Tempe, Arizona 85287 Big Rapids, Michigan 49307
usa usa

Mid-Florida Technical Institute Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute

Printing Department (Photography, Printing, Graphic Arts Technology Program
Commercial Art, Desktop Publishing) P.O. Box 10146
2900 West Oak Ridge Road Albuquerque, New Mexico 87184
Orlando, Florida 32809 usa
usa
New York University,
Idaho State University School of Education, Graphic Communications
School of Applied Technology, Graphic Arts/Printing Management & Technology
Technology (Electronic Imaging/Offset Printing) 239, Green Street
Vo-Tech Graphic Arts Department New York, New York 10003
Campus Box 8380 usa
Pocatello, Idaho 83209-8380
usa Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT)
College of Imaging Arts & Sciences;
Ball State University Imaging and Publishing/FIC
College of Sciences & Technology (Graphic Arts 55 Lomb Memorial Drive
Management/Printing Technology) Rochester, New York 14623-5603
Department of Industry & Technology usa
Muncie, Indiana 47306-0255
usa University of Puerto Rico
Graphic Arts Department
Vincennes University P.O. Box 4800
Printing Technology Department Carolina, Puerto Rico 00987-4800
Printing Technology (Lithography, Flexography) usa
PTB-09
1501 N. First Street West Virginia Institute of Technology
Vincennes, Indiana 47591 Department of Printing
usa Montgomery, West Virginia 25136
usa
Purdue University
School of Technology, Technical Graphics Asia and Australia
(Digital Prepress Publishing)
1419 Knoy Hall Sydney Institute of Technology
West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1419 Department of Graphic Arts
usa Jones and Thomas Streets
Broadway, New South Wales 2007
Pittsburgh State University australia
School of Technology & Applied Science
Department of Graphics and Imaging Technology
1701 S. Broadway
Pittsburgh, Kansas 66762
usa

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1152 14 Appendix

Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) Print Media Academy (Heidelberg)

School of Design and Printing
25–29 Dawson Street Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
Brunswick, Victoria 3056 Print Media Academy
australia Kurfürstenanlage 52–60
69115 Heidelberg
Southbank Institute of TAFE germany
School of Printing and Graphic Arts
Clearview Terrace Print Media Academy São Paulo
Morningside, Queensland 4171 Rua Bresser, 2315-Moóca
australia 03162-030 São Paulo SP
brazil
Tokyo Institute of Polytechnics
1583 Iiyama Print Media Academy
Atsugi Heidelberg Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.
Kanagawa 243-0297 G/F Vita Tower
japan 29 Wong Chuk Hang Road
Hong Kong
Auckland Institute of Technology china
National School of Printing
Print Media Centre Shenzhen
Private Bag 92006
Building No. 710
Auckland
Liantang Industrial Park
new zealand
Luo Hu District
Shenzhen 518004
NIA, National Institute of the Arts
china
Center for the Study of Art and Technology
1 Hsuen-Yuan Road, Peitou Youssef Allam & Co.
Taipei 112 Print Media Academy Cairo
taiwan R.O.C. 14, El Obour Building
Salah Salem St. Nasr City
Rachanee Napamorakot Chulalongkom University Cairo
Department of Photographic Science and Printing egypt
Technology
Phya-thai Road Print Media Academy Tokyo
Bangkok 10330 3-21-4 Minami-Oi
thailand Shinagawa-ku
140-8541 Tokyo
Further Countries japan
SENAI, Serviço Nacional De Aprendizagem Industrial Heidelberg Asean Print Media Academy
Escolas SENAI “Theobaldo de Nigris” e “Felicio Lanzara” 1A, Jalan 205/Jalan Tandang
Rua Bresser, 2315-Moóca 46050 Petaling Jaya
03162-030 São Paulo SP Negeri Selangor Darul Ehsan
brazil malaysia

The Jomo Kenyatta Foundation (School Books Print Media Academy Moscow
Publishers and Printers) Heidelberg CIS
P.O. Box 30533 State University of Printing Arts
Enterprise Road, Industrial Area 2a Prjanishnikova Street
Nairobi 127550 Moscow
kenya russia

Heidelberg USA, Inc.

Consulting and Training
1000 Gutenberg Drive
Kennesaw, Georgia 30144
usa

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 1153

14.6 Associations and Organizations in the Printing

and Publishing Industry (Selection)

14.6.1 Associations and Organizations
The following section contains a selection of associa-
tions and organizations representing the interests of
the graphics industry. This list is by no means author-
itative, yet it does emphasize the great economic sig-
nificance of the graphic arts industry. The list will need
to be updated regularly, but in its current form does of-
fer an overview and serve as a reference.
The list is organized into the regions of Europe,
North America, Asia and Australia, and Further Coun-
tries.Within these regions, the associations and organi-
zations are listed by country and in alphabetical order.

Europe Belgium

Austria Belgian Screen Printers Association

F Neuraystraat 40
Association of Bookbinders 1060 Bruxelles
Postfach 131 belgium
Brucknerstraße 8
1041 Vienna CEPE, Confédération Européenne
austria des Associations de Fabricants de Peintures,
d’Encres d’Imprimerie et de Couleurs d’Art
Austrian Federation of the Graphic Arts Enterprises Avenue E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 4- Bte 10
Grünangergasse 4 1160 Bruxelles
1010 Vienna belgium
austria
CEPI, Confederation of European
CIE, International Commission on Illumination Paper Industries
(Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) 306 Avenue Louise
Kegelgasse 27 1050 Bruxelles
1030 Vienna belgium
austria
INTERGRAF, International confederation for printing
ÖZEPA, Österreichische Vereinigung and allied industries
der Zellstoff- und Papierchemiker und –techniker 18 Sq. Marie Louise P.B. 27
Gumpendorferstraße 6 1040 Bruxelles
1061 Vienna belgium
austria
VEGRAB VZW, Flemish Master Printers
VFG, Verein Forschung für die Grote Markt 19 bus 3
graphischen Gewerbe (VFG) 2000 Antwerpen
Leyserstraße 6 belgium
1140 Vienna
austria

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1154 14 Appendix

Czech Republic FICG, Fédération de l’Imprimerie

et de la Communication Graphique
Association of Czech Printing Industry 115 Boulevard Saint Germain
Mikulandska 7 75006 Paris
11361 Praha 1 france
czech republik
INIAG, Institut National des
Cyprus Industries et Arts Graphiques
296 rue de Charenton
Cyprus Master Printers Association 75012 Paris
c/o Cyprus Employers, Charalambides Building france
30, Grivas Digenis Ave.
P.O. Box 1657 International Federation of Newspaper Publishers
Nicosia 6 rue du Faubourg Poissonniere
cyprus 75010 Paris
france
Denmark
National Association for the Coordination of Actions for
Grafisk Arbeijdsgiverforening the Professional Education of the Graphics Industries
Helgavej 26 263 rue de Paris
5100 Odense 93514 Montreuil Cedex
denmark france

Master Printers in the Provinces of Denmark National Association of Graphic Communication

Bogtrykernes Hus 46 rue de Bassano
Helgavej 26 75008 Paris
5100 Odense M france
denmark
National Association of Gravure and Flexography
Finland 3 rue Ste. Elisabeth
75008 Paris
Kirjapainoteollisuuden Liitto r.y. france
(Printing Industry Association)
Arkadiankatu 19 D 49 Technical Association for the Development of Flexography
00100 Helsinki 15 rue de l’Abbé Grégoire
finland 75006 Paris
france
France
Germany
Association of French Screen Printers
15 rue du Chateaudun AEGRAFLEX, Association Européenne des Graveurs
75009 Paris et des Flexographes
france Biebricher Allee 79
65187 Wiesbaden
Association of Printing Companies and the Graphics germany
Industries
11 Boulevard des Recollets AG.MA, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Media-Analyse e.V.
31078 Toulouse Cedex Wolfgangstraße 92
france 60322 Frankfurt/Main
germany
CTP, Centre Technique du Papier
B.P. 251 Cedex 9 AGZV, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Zeitschriftenverlage
38402 Grenoble (AGZV) des Börsenvereins des
france Deutschen Buchhandels e.V.
Großer Hirschgraben 17-21
60311 Frankfurt/Main
germany

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 14.6 Associations and Organizations in the Printing and Publishing Industry (Selection) 1155

AiF, Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.

Forschungsvereinigungen (German Institute for Standardization)
“Otto von Guericke” e.V. (AIF) 10772 Berlin
Bayenthalgürtel 23 germany
50968 Köln
germany DQS Deutsche Gesellsch. z. Zertifizierung v. Qualitäts-
managementsystemen mbH
BDBI, Bund Deutscher Buchbinder-Innungen Mayenner Straße 33
Heinrichsallee 72 71332 Waiblingen
52062 Aachen germany
germany
ERA, European Rotogravure
BDV Berufsverband der Association e.V.
Medienvertreter e. V. Swakopmunder Straße 3
Stephanstraße 3 81827 München
60320 Frankfurt germany
germany
EWPA, European Waterless
BDW, Deutscher Kommunikationsverband BDW e.V. Printing Association e.V.
Königswinterer Straße 552 Schlotthauerstraße 21
53227 Bonn 81541 München
germany germany

BDZV, Bundesverband Deutscher Zeitungsverleger e.V. FBD, Fachverband Buchherstellung

(German Newspaper Publishers Association) und Druckverarbeitung e.V.
Riemenschneider Straße 10 Jessenstraße 4
53175 Bonn 22767 Hamburg
germany germany

BVDM, Bundesverband Druck und Medien e.V. FBM, Fachvereinigung der Bunt- und
(German Printing and Media Industries’ Federation) Metall-Papierfabriken
Biebricher Allee 79 Widenmayerstraße 39/II
65187 Wiesbaden 80538 München
germany germany

CITPA, Internationale Konföderation FDI, Führungskräfte der Druckindustrie

der Verarbeiter von Papier und Pappe in der EG und Informationsverarbeitung – FDI – e.V.
(International Confederation of Paper and Board Gräfenhäuser Straße 26
Converters in Europe) 64293 Darmstadt
Arndtstr. 47 germany
60325 Frankfurt/Main
germany FOGRA Graphic Technology Research Association
FOGRA Forschungsgesellschaft Druck e.V.
DFTA, Deutschsprachige Flexodruck- Streitfeldstraße 19
Fachgruppe e.V. (German Flexo Technical Association) 81673 München
Nobelstraße 5 B germany
70569 Stuttgart
germany GWA, Gesamtverband Werbeagenturen
(German Association of Advertizing Agencies)
DGQ, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Qualität e.V. Friedensstraße 11
(German Society for Quality) 60311 Frankfurt/Main
August-Schanz-Straße 21 A germany
60433 Frankfurt/Main
germany

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1156 14 Appendix

IARIGAI, International Association of Research Organisa- VDB, Verband Deutscher Buchbindereien

tions for the Printing, Information and Communication für Verlag und Industrie (VDB) e.V.
Industries Jessenstraße 42
Radeckestraße 16 2767 Hamburg
81245 München germany
germany
VDD, Verein Deutscher Druckingenieure e.V.
IFRA, The International Association (Association of German Printing Engineers)
for Newspaper and Media Technology Lyoner Straße 18
Washingtonplatz 1 60528 Frankfurt/Main
64287 Darmstadt germany
germany
VDE, Verband der Elektrotechnik Elektronik
International Confederation of Paper and Board Informationstechnik e.V.
Converters in the European Community (Association for Electrical, Electronic & Information
Hauptverband der Papier, Pappe u. Kunststoffe Technologies)
verarbeitenden Industrie e.V. Stresemannallee 15
Arndtstraße 47 60596 Frankfurt/Main
60325 Frankfurt/Main germany
germany
VDI, Verein Deutscher Ingenieure VDI
IRD, Institut für rationale Unternehmensführung (Association of German Engineers)
in der Druckindustrie e.V. Graf-Recke-Straße 84
(Institute for Rational Management) 40239 Düsseldorf
Fasaneriestraße 12 germany
63456 Hanau
germany VDMA, Verband Deutscher Maschinen-
und Anlagenbau e.V. (VDMA)
Printpromotion, (German Machinery and Plant Manufacturers Association)
Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Druck- und Papier- Lyoner Straße 18
verarbeitungsindustrie in Entwicklungsländern mbH 60528 Frankfurt/Main
(Corporation for the Promotion of the Printing & Paper germany
Converting Industries in Developing Countries)
Lyoner Straße 18 VDP, Verband Deutscher Papierfabriken e.V.
60528 Frankfurt/Main (Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry)
germany Adenauerallee 55
53113 Bonn
PTS, Papiertechnische Stiftung germany
(Paper Technology Foundation)
Heßstraße 134 VDW, Verband der Wellpappen-Industrie e.V. (VDW)
80797 München (German Association of Corrugated Board
germany Manufacturers)
Hilpertstraße 22
SID, Sächsisches Institut für 64295 Darmstadt
die Druckindustrie GmbH, Institut des Vereins germany
POLYGRAPH Leipzig e.V.
(Saxon Institute for the Printing Industry) VDZ, Verband Deutscher Zeitungsverleger e.V.
Mommsenstraße 2 (Association of German Magazine Publishers)
04329 Leipzig Winterstraße 50
germany 53177 Bonn
germany
TÜV Product Service GmbH
Niederlassung München Verband Druck und Medien in Baden-Württemberg e.V.
Ridlerstraße 31 Postfach 3132
80339 München 73751 Ostfildern
germany germany

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 14.6 Associations and Organizations in the Printing and Publishing Industry (Selection) 1157

VVK, Verband Vollpappe-Kartonagen (VVK) e.V. National Graphical Association

Arndtstraße 47 Graphic House
60325 Frankfurt/Main 63-67 Bromham Road
germany Bedford, Beds MK40 2AQ
great britain
ZAW, Zentralverband der deutschen
Werbewirtschaft ZAW e.V. Periodical Publishers Association Ltd.
(German Advertizing Federation) Imperial House
Postfach 20 14 14 15-19 Kingsway
53177 Bonn London WC2B 6UN
germany great britain

ZELLCHEMING, Verein der Zellstoff- und Printing Trades Alliance

Papier-Chemiker und -Ingenieure e.V. Holroyde House
(The German Technical Association of Chemists 53 Addington Square
and Engineers of the Pulp and Paper Industry) London SE5 7LB
Berliner Allee 56 great britain
64295 Darmstadt
germany Greece

Hellenic Federation of Printing Industries

Great Britain 245 Syngrou Av.
17122 Athens
British Association of Print and Copyshops greece
37 Nottingham Road
London SW17 7EA Hungary
great britain
Federation of Hungarian Printers
British Federation of Printing Machinery Eotvos u. 12
and Supplies Ltd. – BFPMS 1067 Budapest
Queens House hungary
55-56 Lincoln’s Inn Fields
London WC2A 3LJ MTESZ Technical Association of Paper and Printing
great britain Industry – Hungary
Kossuth Lajos ter 6-8
British Printing Industries Federation 1372 Budapest V
11 Bedford Row hungary
London WC1R 4DX
great britain Iceland

Samt k Idnadarins
EFTA, European Flexographic
Federation of Icelandic Industries
Technical Association (UK) Ltd.
Hallvelgarstig 1
7 Limerick Road
Postholf 1450
Redland Bristol BS6 7PX
121 Reykjavik
great britain
iceland
FESPA, Federation of European Screen Printers Ireland
Association
Association House, 7a West Street Irish Master Printers’ Association
Reigate, Surrey RH2 9BL 33 Parkgate Street
great britain Dublin 8
ireland
FIPP, The International Federation of the Periodical Press
Queens House Irish Printing Federation
55-56 Lincoln’s Inn Fields Baggot Bridge House
London WC2A 3LJ 84-86 Lower Baggot Street
great britain Dublin 2
ireland

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1158 14 Appendix

National Graphical Association Norwegian Graphic Machinery Dealers’ Association

107 Clonskeagh Road Drammensveien 30
Dublin 6 Oslo 2
ireland norway

Italy Poland

ANCOMAG, National Association of Printing Polish Chamber of Printing

and Related Machinery Importers ul. Wynalazek 2
Piazza Belgioso 1 02-672 Warsawa
20121 Milano poland
italy
Portugal
ASSOGRAFICI, National Association of Graphic Arts,
Papermaking and Converting Industries of Italy Associação Portuguesa das Indústrias Gráficas e
Piazza Conciliazione 1 Transformadoras do Papel
20123 Milano Largo do Casal Vistoso, 2/D-Esc. B
italy 1900 Lisboa
portugal
Technical Association of Italian Graphic Arts
Via Sandro Botticelli 19 Romania
20133 Milano
italy Association of Romanian Printing Industry
Str. Ion Brezoianu Nr. 23-25
Luxembourg Sector 1, Bucharest
romania
Association des Maitres Imprimeurs de Grand-Duché
de Luxembourg
Slovakia
2, Circuit de la Foire Internationale
BP 1604
Slovakian Printing Industry Association
1604 Luxembourg
Drienova 24
luxembourg
826 03 Bratislava
Netherlands slovakia

Dutch Association of the Periodical Publishers Spain

Herengracht 257
1016 BJ Amsterdam Asociación Española de Artes Gráficas, Envase, Embalaje,
netherlands Embotellado y Afines – GRAPHISPACK
Plaza de España, s/n
FINAT – Braucheverenigingen Procarton De Europese 08004 Barcelona
brauchevereniging voor de vouwkartonindustrie spain
Laan Copes van Cattenburch 79
2585 EW Den Haag
netherlands Graphic Arts Association
Independenica 4, 50
KVGO, Koninklijk Verbond van Grafische 24001 León
Ondernemingen spain
Startbaan 10 / Postbus 220
1180 AE Amstelveen National Association of Paper and Graphic Arts
netherlands Fernandez de la Hoz 12
28004 Madrid 4
Norway spain

Norwegian Federation of Graphic Enterprises National Federation of the Graphics Industries (FIEGRAF)
Akersgaten 16 Barquillo, 11-4.-D
Oslo 1 28004 Madrid 4
norway spain

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 14.6 Associations and Organizations in the Printing and Publishing Industry (Selection) 1159

Spanish Association for the Development of the VSS/APSS, Vereinigung Schweizer Siebdruckereien/
Graphic Arts Association Patronale Suisse de Sérigraphes (VSS/APSS)
Jesus Maestro s/n Route de Soleure 25
28003 -Madrid 3 2740 Moutier
spain switzerland

Switzerland Yugoslavia

EUREPRO International GIP “Beograd”

Association for Prepress Industry Kumodraska 261
Schlosshaldenstrasse 20 11000 Beograd
3000 Bern 32 yugoslavia
switzerland
Privredna Komora Jugoslavije Udruzenje Celuloze
IGF, International Graphical Federation Papirne i Graficke Industrije i Izdavacke Delatnosti
Monbijoustrasse 33 Terazije 23
3011 Bern 11000 Beograd
switzerland yugoslavia

ISO International Organization for Standardization North America

1, rue de Varembé, CP 56
1211 Genève 20 Canada
switzerland
Association des Artes Graphiques du Québec, Inc.
SVGU/ASAG, Schweizerischer Verband 65 rue de Castelnau Ouest, bur. 101
Grafischer Unternehmen (SVGU)/ Montréal, Québec H2R 2W3
Association suisse des arts graphiques (ASAG) canada
Carmenstrasse 6
8030 Zürich British Columbia Printing Industries Association
switzerland 119 West Pender Street, Suite 108
Vancouver, British Columbia V6B 1S5
UGRA c/o EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for canada
Materials Testing and Research
Postfach Canadian Printing Industries Association
9014 St. Gallen 75 Albert St., Ste. 906
switzerland Ottawa, Ontario KP 5E7
canada
VISCOM, Schweizerischer Verband für visuelle
Kommunikation Nova Scotia Printing Industries Association
Alderstrasse 40 P.O. Box 484
Postfach Enfield, Nova Scotia B0N 1N0
8034 Zürich canada
switzerland
USA
VSD, Verband der Schweizer Druckindustrie (VSD)
Schlosshaldenstrasse 20 ANSI, American National
3000 Bern 32 Standards Institute
switzerland 11 West 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036
VSR/ASR, Verband Schweizerischer usa
Reprografie-Betriebe (VSR)/Association
Suisse des Ateliers de Reprographie (ASR)
Seefeldstrasse 45
8034 Zürich
switzerland

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1160 14 Appendix

Association of American Publishers, Inc. GAA, Gravure Association of America, Inc.

71 Fifth Avenue 1200A Scottsville Road
New York, NY 10003-3004 Rochester, NY 14624
usa usa
and
1718 Connecticut Ave., NW GATF, Graphic Arts Technical Foundation
Washington, DC 20009 200 Deer Run Rd.
usa Sewickley, PA 15143-2600
usa
Association of Graphic Communications (AGC)
330 Seventh Avenue GCA Graphic Communications Association
9th Floor 100 Daingerfield Rd., 4th Floor
New York, NY 10001-5010 Alexandria, VA 22314
usa usa

ASTM, American Society International Association for Document

for Testing and Materials and Information Management Solutions (IBFI)
1919 Race St. One Colonial Place, Suite 350
Philadelphia, PA 19103 2111 Wilson Blvd.
usa Arlington, VA 22201-3042
usa
Binders & Finishers Association (BFA)
408 Eighth Avenue, Suite 10A International Graphic Arts Education Association (IGAEA)
New York, NY 10001-1816 200 Deer Run Rd.
usa Sewickley, PA 15143-2600
usa
Book Manufacturers Institute (BMI)
65 William Street, Suite 300 International Prepress Association (IPA)
Wellesley, MA 02181-4007 7200 France Ave. South, Ste. 327
usa Edina, MN 55435
usa
Digital Printing and Imaging Association (DPI)
10015 Main Street International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE)
Fairfax, VA 22031-3489 P.O. Box 10
usa Bellingham, WA 98227-0010
usa
Engineering Reprographic Society
P.O. Box 202121 ISCC Inter-Society Color Council
Bloomington, MN 55420 11491 Sunset Hills Road
usa Reston, VA 22090
usa
Flexible Packaging Association
1090 Vermont Ave, NW, Suite 500 NAPIM, National Association of
Washington, DC 20005 Printing Ink Manufacturers
usa Heights Plaza
777 Terrace Avenue
Flexographic Technical Association (FTA) Hasbrouck Heights, NJ 07604
900 Marconi Avenue usa
Ronkonkoma, NY 11779-7212
usa NAPL, National Association of Printers
and Lithographers
GAA, Graphic Arts Association 780 Palisade Avenue
1900 Cherry Street Teaneck, NJ 07666
Philadelphia, PA 19103 usa
usa

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 14.6 Associations and Organizations in the Printing and Publishing Industry (Selection) 1161

National Association of Quick Printers (NAQP) TAGA, Technical Association of

401 N. Michigan Ave the Graphic Arts
Chicago, IL 60611 68 Lomb Memorial Dr.
usa Rochester, NY 14623-5604
usa
Newspaper Association of America (NAA)
1921 Gallows Road, 6th Floor TAPPI, Technical Association of the
Vienna, VA 22182 Pulp and Paper Industry Inc.
usa Technology Park/Atlanta
P.O. Box 105113
NPES, The Association for Suppliers of Atlanta, GA 30348-5113
Printing, Publishing and Converting Technologies usa
1899 Preston White Drive
Reston, VA 20191-4367 Waterless Printing Association (WPA)
usa P.O. Box 59800
Chicago, IL 60645
NPIRI, National Printing Ink Research Institute usa
Building 7-Laboratory
Bethlehem, PA 18015 Web Offset Association (WOA)
usa 100 Dangerfield Road
Alexandria, VA 22314
OSA, Optical Society of America usa
2010 Massachusetts Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20036 Xplor International
usa 24238 Hawthorne Blvd.
Torrance, CA 90505-6505
PIA, Printing Industries of America usa
100 Daingerfield Rd.
Alexandria, VA 22314 Asia and Australia
usa
Australia
Research and Engineering Council of the Graphic Arts
Industry (R&EC) ABPA, Australian Book Publishers Association
P.O. Box 639 Suite 59/60Level
Chadds Ford, PA 19317 389 Jones Street
usa Ultimo, NSW 2007
australia
SGIA, Screenprinting and Graphic Imaging
Association International Lithographic Institute of Australia
10015 Main Street P.O. Box 857
Fairfax, VA 22031-3489 Fortitude Valley, QLD 4006
usa australia

Society for Imaging Science and Technology Lithographic Institute of Australia

(IS&T) Federal Headquarters, P.O. Box Q36
7003 Kilworth Lane Queen Victoria Buildings
Springfield, VA 22151 Sydney, NSW 2001
usa australia

SWOP, Inc. (Specifications for Web Offset Publications) PANPA, Pacific Area Newspaper
60 East 42nd Street, Suite 721 Publishers Association Inc.
New York, NY 10165 P.O. Box 449
usa Milsons Point, NSW 2061
australia

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1162 14 Appendix

Printing Industries Association of Australia Society of Hong Kong Publishers

Lithgow Street 77 23/F Henan Building
P.O. Box 58 90 Jaffe Road
St. Leonards, NSW 2065 Wanchai
australia hong kong

Screen Printers Association of Australia India

P.O. Box 10
Northgate, QLD 4013 All India Federation of Master Printers
australia E-14, Third Floor
New Delhi South Extn. Market Part-II
China New Delhi, 110 049
india
China National Printing Technology Association
P.O. Box 782 Bombay Master Printers Association
504 Anhua Li, Andingmenwai 216 Neelam
Beijing 108 Worli Seaface
china Bombay, 400 018
india
China Printing Technology Association
B5 Chengongzhuang Street West Bengal Master Printers Association, Ltd.
West District 32/1A Creek Lane
Beijing 100044 Calcutta, 700 014
china india

Printing & Publishing Equipment Industries Indonesia

Association of China
6 Dong Sheng Hutong Indonesian Master Printing Association
A 49 Dongdan Ertiao PPGI
Beijing 100005 c/o PT Sumber Baghagia Gedung
china Kramat Centre
Blk D No. 5
Screen Printing Association of China Jl Kramat
24 Liu Yin Street, Western District Raya No. 7
Beijing Jakarta Pusat
china indonesia

Shanghai Publishers Association Association of Indonesian Printers

5 Shaoxing Road Jl Bangka 2-C/3
Shanghai 200 020 Jakarta Selatan
china indonesia

Graphic Arts Association of Hong Kong Association of Indonesian Publishers

Room 1625 Block C (Jakarta Raya Branch)
Metropole Building Jl Kali Pasir 32
Wanchai Jakarta 10330
hong kong indonesia

Hong Kong Printers Association Israel

1/F, 48-50 Johnston Road
Wanchai Association of Craft and Industry
hong kong Printing and Paper Division
P.O. Box 50295
Tel Aviv 61500
israel

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 14.6 Associations and Organizations in the Printing and Publishing Industry (Selection) 1163

Book Publishers’ Association of Israel Japan Printing Ink Makers Association

29, Carlebach Street Tokyo Club Building
P. O. Box 20123 2-6 Kasumigaseki, 3-chome, Chiyoda-ku
Tel Aviv 67132 Tokyo 100
israel japan

Small Industry Association Japan Publishers Association

Printing and Paper Division 6-3 Suido, 2-chome, Bunkyo-ku
16 Merkaz Ba’alei Melacha Street Tokyo 112
Tel Aviv 62823 japan
israel
Tokyo Printing Industry Association
Japan Nihon Insatsu Kaikan
16-8 Shintomi, 1-chome, Chuo-ku
Communications Industry Association of Japan Tokyo 104
Sankei Building, Annex japan
7-2, 1-chome, Ohte-machi
Chiyoda-ku, Korea
Tokyo 100
japan Korea Bookbinding Industry Cooperative
614-7 Ahyon-dong, Mapo-gu
Gravure Cooperative Association of Japan Seoul
Nissei Building, 1-2 Ishihara 1-chome korea
Sumida-ku
Tokyo 130 Korea Federation of Printing Industry Cooperatives
japan c/o Korea Printing Culture Center
352-266 Sogyo-dong, Mapo-gu
JAGAT, Japan Association of Graphic Arts Technology Seoul
1-29-11 Wada, Suginami korea
Tokyo 166
japan Korea Screen Printing Cooperative Association
and Rm. 605, Korea Federation of Small Business Bldg.
4-4-2 Nakano, Miyakojima-ku 16-2 Youi-do-dong, Yongdungpo-gu
Osaka 534 Seoul
japan korea

Japan Cold-Type Offset Printing Industry Association Korean Publishers’ Association

Nikkei Building 105-2 Sagan-Dong, Chongno-gu
7-16 Nihonbashi Kodemmacho, Chuo-ku Seoul 110-190
Tokyo 103 korea
japan
Malaysia
Japan Federation of Printing Industries
16-8 Shintomi, 1-chome, Chuo-ku Malaysia Printers Association
Tokyo 104 14A Jalan Murai Satu, Off Jl Ipoh
japan Batu Compleks
Kuala Lumpur 51200
Japan Printers’ Association malaysia
Nihon Insatsu Kaikan
16-8 Shintomi, 1-chome, Chuo-ku
Tokyo 104
japan

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1164 14 Appendix

New Zealand Taiwan

Printing Industries Federation of New Zealand Inc. China Graphic Arts Association (CGAA)
Huddart Parket Building Room A 6F, No. 71
Post Office Square Jen-Ai Road, Sec.4
P.O. Box 1422 Taipei
Wellington 1 taiwan, r.o.c.
new zealand
China Printing Technology Association ROC
Pakistan 165 Hsing-An Road
Peitun District
Pakistan Association of Graphic Arts Industry Taichung
16-A Mohammed Ali Road taiwan, r.o.c.
Karachi, 0812
pakistan Taiwan Printing Industry Association
64 Chung-Hsioa Road
Philippines Taichung
taiwan, r.o.c.
Philippines Printing Technical Foundation
2nd FL SCC Chevelier Center Building Thailand
3892 R. Magsaysay Blvd.
Sta mesa Thai Printing Association
Manila 158/2-4 New Rama VI Road
philippines Pratumwan
Bangkok 10330
Printing Industries Association of the Philippines (PIAP) thailand
Room 302 Mario Co. Building
1945 M Adriatico Street Thai Printing Industry Club and ASEAN Printing
St. Malate, Manila 1004 & Publishing
philippines c/o Federation of Thai Industries
394/14 Samsen Road, Wachira, Dusit
Saudi Arabia Bangkok 10300
thailand
Riyadh Chamber of Commerce & Industry
Paper Converting Committee Further Countries
P.O. Box 6672
Riyadh 11452 Argentina
saudi arabia
CIGA, Cámara de Industriales Gráficos de la Argentina
Singapore Ramon L. Falcon 1657/59
1406 Capital Federal
Master Printers Association argentina
68 Lorong 16 Gaylang #04-02
Association Building Confederación Latino Americana de la Ind. Gráfica
Singapore 1439 Aristobulo Dell Valle 1257
singapore 1406 Buenos Aires
argentina
Singapore Book Publishers’ Association
c/o Octopus Publishing Asia Pte. Ltd. FAIGA, Federación Argentina de la Industria
37 Jl, Pemimpin #07-04, Block B Gráfica y Afines
Union Ind Building Ramon L. Falcon 1657
Singapore 2057 1406 Buenos Aires
singapore argentina

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 14.6 Associations and Organizations in the Printing and Publishing Industry (Selection) 1165

Bolivia Ecuador

CABINGRAG, Cámara Boliviana de la Industria Gráfica AIG, Asociación de Industriales Gráficos del Ecuador
Edificio “El Condor” 4 to. Piso Edificio Las Camaras, 8vo. Piso
Oficina 408 La Paz Ave. Republica y Amazonas
bolivia Quito
ecuador
Brazil
Asociación de Industriales Gráficos de Pichincha
ABIGRAF, Associação Brasileira da Indústria Gráfica Edificio Las Camaras
Rua Do Paraiso 533 Ave. Republica y Amazones
CEP 0431-000 São Paulo, SP Quito
brazil ecuador

AMERCE, Associação Mineira dos Professionais de Ghana

Composição Gráfica
Rua Turfa, 1057 Barroca Ghana Printers & Paper Converters Association
30480, Minas Gerias P. O. Box 2869
brazil Accra
ghana
Chile
Guatemala
Asociación de Impresores de Chile
Canada 253, 2do. Piso Gremial de Artes Gráficas Camara de Comercio de
Departamento C Guatemala
Santiago 10a Calle 3-80, Zona 1
chile Guatemala City
guatemala
Colombia
Mexico
ANDIGRAF, Asociación Colombiana de Industrias
Gráficas ANIDIGRAF, A.C.
Carrera 4A No. 25B-46 World Trade Center
Bogotá Av. De las Naciones, No. 1
colombia Oficina 21 Piso 19
Col. Napoles 03810
Costa Rica México, D.F.
mexico
ASOINGRAF
Apdo. 8-5930-1000 CANAGRAF, Cámara Nacional de la Industria de
San José Artes Gráficas
costa rica Avenida Rio Churubusco 428
Col. del Carmen-del Coyoacan
Costa Rican Graphics Arts Association 04100 México, D.F.
P.O. Box 1534 mexico
1000 San José
costa rica Unión de Industriales Litografos de México, A.C.
Cerro de las Torres 265
Dominican Republic Campestre Churubusco
04200 México, D.F.
ADIGA Graphic Arts Association of the Dominican mexico
Republic
Edificio Mella, Apt. 602
Avenida George Washington
Santo Domingo
dominican republic

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1166 14 Appendix

Paraguay Asociación de Industriales de Artes Gráficas de Venezuela

Av. Principal Con 2da. Transversal
AIGP, Asociación de Industriales Gráficos del Paraguay de los Cortijos de Lourdes
Calle Ayolas 1627 Edif. Centro Empresarial Senderos
Asunción Piso 1 – Oficina 107-B
paraguay Caracas
venezuela
Peru
Asociación de Industriales de Artes Gráficas
AGUDI, Asociación Gráfica Unión de Imprentas Calle Lopez Aveledo entre
Av. Inca Garcilaso de la Vega 1494-2do. Piso Av. Mirand y Paez, Edif. SINCA
Lima Torre A, Piso 2, Ofic. 17
peru del Edo. Aragua
Caracas
Sierra Leone venezuela
Sierra Leone Association of Master Printers CAINGRA, Cámara de Industriales Gráficos
c/o Oduntor Printing Press Av. 4 Bella Vista c/Calle 67
61 Soldier Street Cecilio Acosta Edif. Torre SOCUY
Freetown 2do. Piso, Maracaido
sierra leone Edo. Zulia
Caracas
South Africa venezuela
MAPPP SETA (Media Advertising, Publishing, Printing,
Packaging, Sectoral Education & Training Authority) Cámara de Industriales de las Artes Gráficas y Afines
P.O. Box 1084 Calle Arismendi, Edif. Bonin, P.B.
Honeydew 2040 Inversiones Consolidada de Suministros C.A.
south africa del Edo. Nueva Esparta
Caracas
PIFSA, Printing Industries Federation of South Africa venezuela
P.O. Box 1084
Honeydew 2040
south africa
14.6.2 Industrial Joint Research

Uruguay The following is a list of associations and organizations

that support industrial partners within the scope of in-
Cámara de Industriales Gráficos AVDA Libertador dustrial joint research projects – especially projects deal-
La Vellega 670 ing with topics of particular significance for the graph-
Montevideo
ic arts industry. Institutions that cooperate closely with
uruguay
partners in such joint projects are also mentioned.
CONLATINGRAF, Confederación Latino Americana In section 13.1.3.5 the objectives, working methods,
de la Ind. Gráfica possibilities, and benefits of industrial joint research
AIU, Asociación de Impresores del Uruguay are illustrated with examples of projects. A special ref-
Ciudadela No. 1410 erence is also given to the German Printing Machines
C.P. 11.100 Research Association (FGD, Forschungsgesellschaft
Montevideo Druckmaschinen e.V.) in that section.
uruguay
FGD, Forschungsgesellschaft Druckmaschinen e.V.
Venezuela
(German Printing Machines Research Association)
AIGES, Asociación de Industriales Gráficos Lyoner Straße 18
Conglomerado Industrial Melania 60528 Frankfurt/Main
Canelones de Melendez, Galpon 13-A germany
Cumana – Edo Sucre del Estado Sucre
Caracas
venezuela

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 14.6 Associations and Organizations in the Printing and Publishing Industry (Selection) 1167

FVA, Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik e.V. AiF, Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller

(German Research Association for Power Transmission Forschungsvereinigungen e.V.
Engineering) (German Federation of Industrial Cooperative Research
Lyoner Straße 18 Association)
60528 Frankfurt/Main Bayenthalgürtel 23
germany 50968 Köln
germany
FOGRA, Forschungsgesellschaft Druck e.V.
FOGRA-Institut DFG, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
(Graphic Technology Research Association) (German Research Council)
Streitfeldstraße 19 Kennedyallee 40
81673 München 53175 Bonn
germany germany

IFRA, Internationale Vereinigung für Zeitungs- und BMWi, Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und
Medientechnologie Technologie
(The International Association for Newspaper and Scharnhorststraße 34-37
Media Technology) 10115 Berlin
Washingtonplatz 1 germany
64287 Darmstadt
germany BMBF, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Heinemannstraße 2
BVDM, Bundesverband Druck und Medien e.V. 53175 Bonn-Bad Godesberg
(German Printing and Media Industries’ Federation) germany
Biebricher Allee 79
65187 Wiesbaden UGRA/EMPA, Verein zur Förderung wissenschaftlicher
germany Untersuchungen in der graphischen Industrie
(UGRA Association for the promotion of Research
FKM, Forschungskuratorium Maschinenbau e.V. in the Graphic Arts Industry)
(Cooperate Research Organization for German (EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing
Mechanical Engineering Industry) and Research)
Lyoner Straße 18 Lerchenfeldstrasse 5
60528 Frankfurt/Main 9014 St. Gallen
germany switzerland

VFI, Gesellschaft für Forschung und Innovation mgH Pira International

im VDMA Randalls Road
Lyoner Straße 18 Leatherhead
60528 Frankfurt/Main Surrey, KT22 7RU
germany great britain

DFAM, Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft für die IARIGAI, International Association of Research

Anwendung der Mikroelektronik e.V. Organisations for the Printing, Information and
(German Research Association for the Application Communication Industries
of Microelectronics) Radeckestraße 16
Lyoner Straße 18 81245 München
60528 Frankfurt/Main germany
germany
GATF, Graphic Arts Technical Foundation
VDMA, Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und 200 Deer Run Road,
Anlagenbau e.V. Sewickley, Pennsylvania 15143-2600
(German Machinery and Plant Manufacturers usa
Association)
Lyoner Straße 18
60528 Frankfurt/Main
germany

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1168

14.7 International Conferences for the Graphic Arts

Industry (Selection)

The following list contains a selection of internation-
al conferences that are of significance for the graphic
arts industry,have achieved high recognition,and are
successful in detecting and reporting situations and
trends. The conference articles are published by the
respective organizations and can be obtained from
their offices. Information on conferences and events
held by the organizations (such as IFRA, FOGRA,
FINAT, etc.) listed in sections 14.5 and 14.6 can be ob-
tained directly from these organizations. The confer-
ences are usually held once a year. They are listed in
alphabetical order.

Color Imaging Conference IARIGAI Research Conference

Color Science, Systems, and Applications IARIGAI International Association of Research Organisa-
IS&T, Society for Imaging Science & Technology tions for the Printing, Information and Communication
7003 Kilworth Lane Industries
Springfield, VA 22151 Radeckestraße 16
(Internet: www.imaging.org) 81245 München
usa (Internet: www.iarigai.com)
germany
Comprint Conference/World Print Congress
Intergraf, International Confederation for printing and ICPS International Congress on Imaging Science
allied industries ICPS, International Committee on the Science
Square Marie-Louise 18 of Photography
1000 Bruxelles Reference: IS&T, The Society for Imaging Science
belgium & Technology
7003 Kilworth Lane
FESPA-Seminar Springfield, VA 22151
FESPA, Federation of European Screen Printers (Internet: www.imaging.org)
Association usa
Association House
7a West Str. IERPC Annual Conference
Reigate, Surrey RH2 9BL IERPC
great britain Pira House
Randalls Rd.
GAA Conference Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 7RU
GAA, Gravure Association of America great britain
1200 A Scottsville Rd.
Rochester, NY 14624 IS&T’s NIP: International Congress on Digital Printing
usa Technology
IS&T, Society for Imaging Science & Technology
GATF Conference 7003 Kilworth Lane
GATF, Graphic Arts Technical Foundation Springfield, VA 22151
200 Deer Run Road (Internet: www.imaging.org)
Sewickley, PA 15413-2600 usa
(Internet: www.gatf.org)
usa

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IS&T/SPIE’s Symposium on Electronic Imaging, Science Seybold Conference

& Technology Seybold Publications
SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering 428 E Baltimore Ave
P.O. Box 10 P.O. Box 644
Bellingham, WA 98227-0010 Media, PA 19063
(Internet: www.spie.org) (Internet: www.seyboldreports.com)
usa usa
in cooperation with:
IS&T, Society for Imaging Science & Technology TAGA Conference
7003 Kilworth Lane TAGA, Technical Association of the Graphic Arts
Springfield, VA 22151 68 Lomb Memorial Dr.
(Internet: www.imaging.org) Rochester, NY 14623-5604
usa (Internet: www.taga.com)
usa
Japan Hardcopy Conference
ISJ, Imaging Society of Japan TAPPI Conference
Tokyo Institute of Polytechnic TAPPI, Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper
2-9-5 Honcho Industry
Nakano-ku Technology Park
Tokyo 164 P.O. Box 10 51 13
(Internet: http://psi.mls.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp/isj(e).html) Atlanta, GA 30348-5113
japan (Internet: www.tappi.org)
usa
PICS Conference
Image Processing, Image Quality, Image Capture, Systems Xplor Conference
Conference Xplor International
IS&T, Society for Imaging Science & Technology 24238 Hawthorne Blvd.
7003 Kilworth Lane Torrance, CA 90505-6505
Springfield, VA 22151 (Internet: www.xplor.org)
(Internet: www.imaging.org) usa
usa

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