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Symptoms One or more dark or light areas or even blurred regions in the visual field
An increased requirement of greater contrast and illumination while
reading.
Difficulties in perceiving some colors.
Difficult to know the identity of people by looking at their faces.
Perimetry
1. Static automated perimetry (such as Octopus or the Humphrey Field
Analyzer): Pinpoint flashes of light of varying size and brightness are
projected within a large white bowl. The patient is asked to look at the
center of the bowl and press a button each time a light is seen in the
peripheral vision. The machine collects the data and uses
sophisticated software to analyze the results.
2. Kinetic perimetry (such as Goldmann perimeter): Moving targets of
various light sizes and intensities are shown and the patient indicates
when they become visible in the peripheral vision. The resulting data
is used to map the full visual field. The full, normal range of the visual
field extends approximately 120° vertically and a nearly 160°
horizontally.
3. Frequency doubling perimetry: This test utilizes varying intensities of a
flickering image to analyze the visual field. It is particularly useful in
detecting early glaucoma field loss.
Horizontal eccentricity
Refers to the horizontal axis, measured in degrees, along the visual field. The
blind spot extends from an eccentricity d1 to
eccentricity d2 in temporal direction from the fovea. The size of the blind spot
can be calculated as
Treatment If the scotoma is on the outer edges of your vision, it usually does not cause
severe vision problems. If you have a scotoma in your central vision, it cannot
be corrected or treated with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery. Your provider
will recommend that you use aids to support your decreased vision.
HEMIANOPSIA Lesi pada bagian medial kiasma akan menghilangkan medan penglihatan
BITEMPORAL temporal yang disebut hemianopsia bitemporal (no.3).
Hemianopsia bitemporal bisa didapatkan pada kista suprasellar. Bisa juga
ditemukan pada pasien dengan tumor pituitari tapi bersifat predominan
parasentral. Pada adenoma pituitari juga bisa terjadi kebutaan atau anopsia pada
salah satu mata dan hemianopsia temporal pada mata yang lainnya.
HEMIANOPSIA Lesi pada bagian posterior radiasio optika akan mengakibatkan hemianopsia
HOMONIM TANPA homonim yang sama dan sebangun dengan mengecualikan penglihatan makular
MAKULA TERLIBAT (no.5).
QUADROANOPSIA Lesi pada radisio optika bagian lateral akan menyebabkan quadroanopsia
SUPERIOR superior homonim kontralateral (no.6). Quadroanopsia atau kuadranopia
HOMONIM biasanya terjadi pada lesi yang terdapat pada bagian temporo-parietal.
KONTRALATERAL
QUADROANOPSIA Lesi pada radiasio optika bagian medial akan menyebabkan quadroanopsia
INFERIOR inferior homonim kontralateral (no.7). Quadroanopsia atau kuadranopia
HOMONIM biasanya terjadi pada lesi yang terdapat pada bagian temporo-parietal.
KONTRALATERAL